Issues in the supervision of postgraduate research students in nursing

Some general points are made in this paper about the nature of postgraduate research degrees, and the process which results in a thesis is set out These are followed by considering the degrees in a nursing context and also in relation to the social sciences Next the aims of postgraduate research degree programmes are considered Approaches to the matching of students are set out Among those discussed are mentoring, collegiality, classification and framing, and the use of workshops In the conclusion, some desired outcomes of the supervisory process are suggested     

Integrative review of international nursing research in Mainland China

Background: Nursing research in Mainland China is divided into two parts: domestic nursing research, comprising all publications in Chinese; and international nursing research, comprising all publications in English. Domestic nursing research has been developing rapidly, demonstrated by the increase in new national or regional journals and publications. However, little is known about the extent of international research. Aims: To outline the development of international nursing research publications in Mainland China and to provide suggestions for future development. Method: All of the papers were retrieved from PubMed. The key search phase was ‘China or P.R.China NOT Hong Kong NOT Taiwan NOT Macao [AD]’, with the limits of ‘English’, ‘nursing journals’ as well as the published date up to ‘2007/09/30’. Findings: PubMed recorded 57 English papers that were originally conducted in Mainland China during the search period from 1989 to 30 September 2007. Thirty‐seven of the total 57 (65%) publications were contributed by Beijing, Shanghai and Hubei. Forty‐four of the 57 publications were conducted with collaborators from Hong Kong, the USA, the UK and Canada. Thirteen publications were funded by international societies, while only three were funded by the Chinese government. The research topics mainly focused on clinical research, nursing education and nursing management. Conclusions and Implications: This study indicates that international nursing research has been growing slowly in Mainland China along with provincial variations. The suggestions to improve nursing research include the reform of nursing education, the enhancement of the collaboration with the international societies and the establishment of research priorities.     

护理学专业学位硕士研究生培养关键要素存在的问题与对策研究

目的:研究护理学专业学位硕士研究生培养过程中关键要素存在的问题及对策。方法:采用目的抽样的方法,半结构深度访谈的方法对天津市某高校护理学院研究生导师和研究生为研究对象,从护理学专业学位硕士研究生培养的关键要素问题:招生、师资、课程设置、管理等多方面进行访谈,应用Colaizzi现象学七步分析法对资料进行分析。结果:通过对培养关键要素问题的访谈,被访者提出了目前存在的问题,并针对性地提出改进措施和方案。结论:被访者对招生、学制、师资、课程设置等方面基本达成一致意见,但在课程设置中的具体科目和所占学分、临床实践的具体分配等尚存在分歧,需要将来的研究进一步完善,为构建护理学专业学位硕士研究生的培养方案提供参考依据。     

Improving research supervision in nursing

In this paper, four experienced researchers from the UK, China and Australia offer guidance in research supervision based on their experiences and the recent document, Improving standards in postgraduate research degree programmes [Higher Education Funding Council for England, 2003. Improving standards in postgraduate research degree programmes. Formal consultation. Department for Employment and Learning, Northern Ireland, Higher Education Funding Council for England, Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, Scottish Higher Education Funding Council, HEFCE, London]. Supervision is an important aspect of not only the development of the neophyte researcher, but of academic staff and research activity in general. With increased academic accountability, good supervision should be an integral component of a quality research governance framework and resourced as such. Recommendations include: adoption of these standards; rigorous selection of research students and supervisors and development of projects; development of departmental procedures for monitoring, feedback and intellectual property; and transparency, rigour and fairness in examination procedures.     

护理学研究生教育浅析

在我国护理学升级为一级学科,护理学研究生教育快速发展之际,从加快提升我国护理学研究生教育水平出发,总结了研究生培养中需要关注的一些重要问题和环节。提出注重培养研究生的信息获取与利用能力、思维能力、解决问题的能力、写作能力是重点;抓好研究生教学中选题、开题、阶段性汇报与检查、论文及毕业论文的撰写环节是保证培养质量的关键;着力培养研究生具有敢于质疑的精神、坚忍不拔的钻研精神、求真务实的科学精神、合作与互助等精神是研究生教育之本。     

Integrative reviews of nursing research

Integrative reviews of research are a valuable part of the process of creating and organizing a body of literature. It has been argued that integrative reviews should be held to the same standards of clarity, rigor, and replication as primary research. In this paper methods for conducting an integrative review are discussed. Seventeen reviews from nursing journals were examined and compared with a proposed set of criteria for reviews. The results indicated that the majority of integrative reviews in nursing fell short of primary research standards. Guidelines for conducting more rigorous reviews are presented.     

Challenges and strategies in developing nursing research capacity: a review of the literature

OBJECTIVES: This paper reports the findings of a critical overview of the development of nursing research capacity in academic departments. It examines the major barriers to developing research capacity, the capacity building strategies adopted (or proposed) within the literature, and considers the wider context within which such endeavours take place. DESIGN: The literature review forms part of a longitudinal project utilising case study methodology. A key word search was used to locate relevant journal articles for the period 1999-2004, derived from the project's research question and an earlier literature review. A number of manual 'shelf searches' were conducted. DATA SOURCES: Bibliographic data were retrieved from The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health literature, The Social Science Citation Index, and Medline. REVIEW METHODS: Approximately 150 articles were retrieved, of which 47 were included in the study. Given the paucity of work in this area papers were not excluded on the grounds of methodological weakness. Major themes were identified in each paper and an analytical framework was developed. RESULTS: Two main challenges affecting research capacity development were identified-material constraints and organisational contexts, and the changing roles and expectations of nurse educators. The importance of developing an overall strategic approach, clearly communicated, and accompanied by effective leadership was a point of common agreement. Debate existed on how research support should be managed, particularly the merits of inclusivity and the reconcilement of individual and organisational needs. Specific capacity strategies identified in the literature were the creation of infrastructures, the fostering of research cultures and environments, and the facilitation of training and collaboration. CONCLUSIONS: The literature offers many examples of capacity building strategies. However, more empirical studies are needed to understand the situated process of implementing and evaluating capacity building in individual academic departments, and how this process differs between geographical settings.     

Integrative review of graduate entry programs in nursing

In this integrative review, the authors report on, summarize, and analyze research conducted on non-nurse college graduates enrolled in master's degree programs in nursing in the United States and Canada, leading to preparation for advanced practice nurse roles. This review demonstrated that non-nurse college graduates successfully develop into registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) or certified nurse-midwives (CNMs). What is conspicuously absent in the literature is articulation of the process whereby college graduates become nurses and APRNs or CNMs. Given the expansion of graduate entry programs for non-nurse college graduates, along with the recent clarion call to move advanced practice nursing to the postgraduate level, it is time to examine the process. Understanding the process will help faculty refine pedagogy and curricula to support students' transition from non-nurse to both nurse and APRN or CNM.     

国内护理硕士研究生教育存在的问题及对策

<正>护理专业研究生教育是高等护理教育的重要组成部分,是培养护理管理、教学、科研及临床高级人才的主要渠道。我国护理专业硕士研究生教育最早开始于1990年,经过10多年的发展,全国硕士研究生教育已形成一定的规模[1]。     

我国护理硕士教育的现状及思考

从发展历史与规模、生源与招考方式、培养目标、研究方向与课程设置以及考评体系方面,综述了我国护理学硕士研究生教育的现状;认为主要存在的问题是学科定位不清、培养目标单一、角色功能模糊、课程设置缺乏针对性、课题和研究经费困难、师资缺乏。建议进一步调整护理教育的层次结构,扩大硕士教育的招生规模与比例;加强国际交流与合作,学习和借鉴国外教育理念、培养方式和管理模式,促进我国高等护理教育事业的发展。     

导师组制模式培养护理研究生的实践

近年来,随着护理研究生扩招,传统的单一导师制已不能满足研究生的培养需求,严重影响了研究生的培养质量。而导师组制培养模式则能有效解决单一导师制的种种弊端。本研究通过组建导师团队、学生团队,采用督促研究生课题进展、定期开展专题报告、集体修改文章、邀请交叉学科的专家作报告等方式培养学生,有效提高了护理研究生的培养质量,提高了导师的学术水平及指导研究生的能力,形成了良好的师生协作关系。     

Community-based nursing education of prelicensure students: settings and supervision

This study of prelicensure nursing programs had a fourfold purpose: 1) describe what community-based settings are being used by faculties in associate degree (AD) and baccalaureate degree (BSN) programs to provide community-based nursing care experiences; 2) explore whether or not the settings used in AD and BSN programs differ; 3) describe how faculties in AD and BSN programs provide for supervision of students in community-based settings; and 4) synthesize from the data what might be best practices for faculty-student supervision in community-based settings. A web-based survey was sent to 827 accredited AD and BSN programs with usable email addresses; 324 programs (39 percent) completed and returned the surveys. Findings indicated that students were placed in a variety of settings, including public health departments, schools (K-12), prisons, and home care. Community-based activities were in the following categories: immunizations, surveillance, data collection, health teaching, case management, treatments, and procedures. Depending on the activity, students performed nursing functions independently 4 percent to 39 percent of the time. Depending on the activity, preceptors were sole supervisors 27 percent to 40 percent of the time. Telephones, cell phones, and pagers were the primary means of faculty-student contact. AD and BSN students in the same settings performed the same activities. The only significant differences were that BSN students were placed in K-12 schools for community-based experiences more often than AD students, and they engaged in case management more often than AD students. Based on these findings, a model for community-based education is proposed.     

护理研究生《健康教育理论与实践》研究型课程的构建

近2年,护理研究生招生规模日益扩大.然而,如何围绕研究生的培养目标开设有特色的研究生课程是研究生教学的重要课题.为此,我们在护理研究生2003年、2004年、2005级《健康教育理论与实践》教学中,进行了研究性学习的教学实践和探索,现介绍如下.     

Academic integrity in nursing education: Policy review

BackgroundAcademic integrity is a matter of concern in nursing education. While cases of academic dishonesty are not public record, policies used to promote integrity in nursing education programs are widely available. A review of integrity policies in nursing programs explores common grounds in practices to promote integrity.MethodIntegrity policies were collected from leading United States nursing programs. Using publicly posted academic integrity statements identified through internet search engines, policies were reviewed to identify common approaches.ResultsNursing programs articulate a variety of approaches to academic integrity. Most programs display honor codes, although requirements for student affirmation vary. Hearings are required for all accusations in only a handful of institutions. A majority of the policies include formal references to nursing values and integrity standards.ConclusionThe academic integrity policies of nursing programs are shaped by systemic features of host institutions. An exploration of the range in approaches provides insights to faculty and administrators who provide ongoing leadership in policy development. The exploration provides an opportunity to pose probing questions as they shape approaches to preserve and promote integrity in nursing students and graduates.