强直性脊柱炎伴严重脊柱后凸畸形患者术中体位的护理

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎伴严重脊柱后凸畸形患者术中体位的护理经验。方法对11例强直性脊柱炎伴严重脊柱后凸畸形患者行手术治疗,在麻醉期间确保患者脊柱和头部处于同一直线上,避免脊髓损伤;术中及时调节手术床角度,避免压疮、水肿发生;手术后采取平卧位,以保持脊柱稳定性,解除局部压力。结果本组11例患者手术过程顺利,手术时间(9.3±2.9)h。术中均无压疮、骨折、脊髓损伤等并发症发生。结论做好脊柱后凸矫形术中体位护理对提高手术成功率和降低并发症发生具有重要意义。     

重度强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形手术治疗

目的探讨重度强直性脊柱炎畸形的手术治疗方案和意义。方法对脊柱后凸畸形明显,伴发髋关节强直和椎管狭窄症的54例病人进行手术治疗,选择合理的手术方式和手术顺序,手术方法包括一次性多平面全脊柱楔形截骨术、全髋关节置换术和椎管减压术。结果随访1～16年,脊柱后凸畸形改善,髋关节功能良好,脊髓压迫症状缓解,疗效满意。结论手术治疗重度强直性脊柱炎畸形是有效和唯一的方法。     

重度强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形手术治疗

目的 探讨重度强直性脊柱炎畸形的手术治疗方案和意义。方法 对脊柱后凸畸形明显，伴发髋关节强直和椎管狭窄症的54例病人进行手术治疗，选择合理的手术方式和手术顺序，手术方法包括“一次性多平面全脊柱楔形截骨术”、全髋关节置换术和椎管减压术。结果 随访1－16年，脊柱后凸畸形改善，髋关节功能良好，脊髓压迫症状缓解，疗效满意。结论 手术治疗重度强直性脊柱炎畸形是有效和唯一的方法。     

严重强直性脊柱炎畸形的手术治疗

目的讨论严重强直性脊柱炎畸形的手术治疗方案和意义。方法对脊柱后凸畸形明显，伴发椎管狭窄症和髋关节强直的49例病人进行手术治疗，选择合理的手术方式和手术顺序，手术方法包括“一次性多平面全脊椎楔形截骨术”、椎管减压术和全髋关节置换术。结果随访1—17年，脊柱后凸畸形改善，脊髓压迫症状缓解，髋关节功能良好，疗效满意。结论手术治疗严重强直性脊柱炎畸形是有效和唯一的方法。     

运动疗法对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能的影响

强直性脊柱炎是以骶髂关节和脊柱慢性炎症为主的周身性疾病,临床表现为腰骶部疼痛伴僵硬,活动后可缓解,晚期可并发脊柱强直、畸形,造成严重的功能障碍。中国医科大学附属第一医院采用康复训练的方法治疗51例强直性脊柱炎患者,效果较为满意。     

康复运动疗法对强直性脊柱炎病人的影响

<正>强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种病因不明,以累及脊柱和骶髂关节为主要表现的进行性慢性炎症病理损伤性疾病,66%的强直性脊柱炎病人晚期出现严重脊柱后凸,约1/3的强直性脊柱炎病人预后不良[1]。强直性脊柱炎的发病年龄多为15岁~40岁,男性多发。临床主要表现为腰骶部疼痛伴僵硬,尤其是早晨起床时感觉腰部僵硬(晨僵),活动后可缓解,晚期可并发脊柱强直畸形。随着对强直性脊柱炎的研究不断深入,特别是生     

脊柱去松质骨化截骨术治疗强直性脊柱炎并脊柱后凸畸形的护理

目的探讨脊柱去松质骨化截骨术治疗强直性脊柱炎并脊柱后凸畸形患者的有效护理方法。方法总结28例脊柱去松质骨化截骨术矫正强直性脊柱炎并脊柱后凸畸形的护理。主要措施有手术前后的心理护理,密切观察病情变化,采取各种护理措施避免或减少并发症的发生,指导患者早期正确的功能锻炼。结果脊柱去松质骨化截骨术可以有效矫正强直性脊柱炎并脊柱后凸畸形,患者的外观和生活质量均可得到明显改善。结论对脊柱去松质骨化截骨术矫正强直性脊柱炎并脊柱后凸畸形围术期的系统护理,可以提高手术成功率和治疗效果,减少并发症的发生,促进患者的康复。     

运动疗法对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能的影响

强直性脊柱炎是以骶髂关节和脊柱慢性炎症为主的周身性疾病，临床表现为腰骶部疼痛伴僵硬，活动后可缓解，晚期可并发脊柱强直、畸形，造成严重的功能障碍。中国医科大学附属第一医院采用康复训练的方法治疗51例强直性脊柱炎患者，效果较为满意。     

改良脊柱矫形器治疗强直性脊柱炎脊柱侧弯的疗效

目的探讨改良脊柱矫形器治疗强直性脊柱炎脊柱侧弯的临床效果。方法16例强直性脊柱炎脊柱侧弯患者均佩戴改良矫形器治疗6个月,平均每天配戴4~6h;同时配合矫形体操锻炼,每天至少1h。治疗6个月后复查脊柱cobb角变化。结果所有患者脊柱侧弯的程度均得到有效控制和改善,脊柱cobb角变小。结论改良脊柱矫形器治疗强直性脊柱炎脊柱侧弯有明显疗效。     

强直性脊柱炎并发的心脏病变

强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis，AS）是以脊柱及骶髂关节的慢性炎症为特征的疾病，主要临床表现为：腰背部疼痛僵直、活动受限、脊柱畸形，病因至今未明。本文对确诊为强直性脊柱炎的48例患者进行研究，旨在探讨强直性脊柱炎并发的心血管改变及原因。     

多节段椎弓根钉置入治疗强直性脊柱炎合并胸腰椎骨折：1年随访

背景：对于强直性脊柱炎合并胸腰椎骨折患者,采用传统方法行短节段经椎弓根内固定或前路钉板或钉棒系统固定由于其骨质疏松明显,螺钉抗拔出力较差,治疗后容易出现内固定松动。目的：探讨多节段经椎弓根内固定治疗强直性脊柱炎合并胸腰椎骨折的效果。方法：选择2009年1月至2012年12月中山大学附属梅州医院骨科收治的强直性脊柱炎合并胸腰椎骨折患者11例,行后路复位多节段椎弓钉内固定,其中6例采用经伤椎椎弓根固定。结果与结论：11例患者均获随访,随访时间13—36个月。所有患者影像学显示均骨性愈合,未见内固定松动断裂现象。3例脊髓神经损伤按Frankel分级由C级恢复至E级。JOA评分评估腰背痛改善率为100％。结果显示经后路复位多节段椎弓根钉置入治疗强直性脊柱炎合并胸腰椎骨折,可获得坚强内固定,骨折愈合良好。     

Prehospital clinical findings associated with spinal injury

Objective. The objective of this study was to identify clinical findings that are associated with spinal fracture and/or spinal cord injuries in prehospital trauma patients.

Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed at three tertiary referral centers in Southeastern Michigan. All charts of patients with spinal fractures or spinal cord injuries during 1992 and 1993 were reviewed. Patients with available pre-hospital records were included in the study analysis. Prehospital data points included documentation of head injury; altered mental status; neurologic deficit; evidence of intoxication; cervical, thoracic, and lumbar pain or tenderness; nonspecified back pain or tenderness; and a narrative for all other documented injuries. Hospital data collected included type and level of spinal injury and age and sex of the patient.

Results. Of 867 injury patients identified, 536 were excluded, leaving 346 analyzable fractures in 331 patients. The 346 spinal fractures/spinal cord injuries were distributed as: 100 (29%) cervical, 83 (24%) thoracic, 128 (37%) lumbar, and 35 (10%) sacral. Prehospital documentation of altered mental status, neurologic deficit, evidence of intoxication, spinal pain, or suspected extremity fracture was found for every patient with a cervical injury, 82/83 patients with thoracic injuries (99%), and 124/128 patients with lumbar injuries (97%). All five patients who were not documented as having one of the predictors had stable injuries.

Conclusion. Prehospital clinical findings of altered mental status, neurologic deficit, evidence of intoxication, spinal pain, and suspected extremity fracture were documented for all patients with significant spinal injuries in this series. These findings may be useful to identify patients who require prehospital spinal immobilization.     

Diagnosing and Managing Spinal Injury in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Background

Individuals with ankylosing spondylitis are at an increased risk of vertebral fractures. These are often unstable, leading to primary and secondary neurological injury and conferring high levels of morbidity and mortality. Fractures in these patients can occur after minimal trauma and are easily missed, with potentially disastrous consequences.

Objectives

To educate health professionals who may be involved in the initial assessment and management of ankylosing spondylitis patients with possible spinal injuries, despite not being spinal specialists.

Case Reports

We present three cases from our own hospital, which illustrate the pitfalls associated with traumatic spinal injury in ankylosing spondylitis. Case 1 shows why delayed presentation of spinal injury is common, as well as demonstrating the need for multiple imaging modalities in some patients. Case 2 is an example of primary neurological injury in this patient group, and case 3 highlights the risk of secondary neurological injury, as well as the effect of multiple comorbidities on patient outcomes.

Conclusions

It is important that staff in the Emergency Department have an understanding of the extreme caution that is needed in the management of possible spinal injuries in patients with or suspected of having ankylosing spondylitis.     

Fractura and dislocation of the thoracic spine without spinal cord injury in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: A case report

This article presents a rare case of a fracture of the thoracic spine accompanied by significant dislocation but without spinal cord injury in a 74-year-old male patient with ankylosing spondylitis. A literature search failed to reveal a similar case. Conservative treatment produced a good outcome.     

强直性脊柱炎脊柱骨折的影像学表现

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)脊柱骨折的多种影像学特征和影像诊断的价值.方法 回顾性分析20例AS合并脊柱骨折患者的影像学和临床资料.结果 损伤节段位于颈椎5例(25.00%),胸腰椎15例(75.00%),其中屈曲型损伤11例(55.00%),屈曲过伸型损伤9例(45.00%),前中后三柱同时损伤14例(70.00%),伴脊髓损伤8例(40.00%).X线平片共发现脊柱损伤征象43个,多层螺旋CT(MSCT)发现93个,MRI发现102个.结论 AS脊柱骨折常表现为累及三柱的贯通性骨折,MRI和MSCT是早期诊断的重要手段,MRI显示脊髓损伤和后柱损伤有明显优势,是评估AS合并脊柱骨折的首选影像学检查方法.     

Diagnostic potentials of quantitative bone scintigraphy in spondylitis ankylopoietica: a comparison with x-ray findings

In 576 patients quantitative scintigraphy of the sacroiliac joints and the spinal cord with 99mTc-Pyrophosphate was performed. 328 were patients with proven ankylosing spondylitis according to the New-York criteria. 120 were patients with a clinically and roentgenologically suspected ankylosing spondylitis and 128 persons formed a healthy control group. The count rate in small regions of interest (ROI) in the sacroiliac joints, the spinal cord and the os sacrum were compared on the basis of indexes. The scintigraphic data of patients with ankylosing spondylitis were compared with healthy control group and with the radiographic findings and radiologic staging of the disease: In a longitudinal follow-up study during 1 to 6 years these investigations were continued together with clinical and roentgenological checks. Quantitative bone scintigraphy provides characteristic indexes for ankylosing spondylitis, indicating the increased mineral metabolism of the sacroiliac joints and the spinal chord. Skeletal scintigraphy is recommended for early detection and monitoring of ankylosing spondylitis.     

长节段椎弓根钉系统内固定与个性化截骨方法治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形

背景：生物力学的观点认为：强直性脊柱炎的矫形在后凸的顶点处截骨最佳,但术中脊髓损伤的风险大。目的：分析联合应用椎板间截骨＋椎体截骨＋长节段椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形的临床效果。方法：强直性脊柱炎患者共36例,均采用PSO（Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy）截骨＋SPO（Smith-Peterson Osteotomy）联合截骨治疗。随访时间3个月至2年。结果与结论：36例患者未发现植入物修复后矢状位失平衡者,矢状位失衡的改善率为64%。患者植入物修复后胸腰椎后凸角的到恢复,改善率为60%;颌眉角的改善率为98%,疼痛症状缓解程度为64%,ODI 指数95%;均未发生拔钉、断钉、断棒现象。说明选择性截骨矫形技术＋长节段内固定手术能够获得稳定的内固定疗效,防止出现矢状位失平衡,以及强直性脊柱炎因骨质疏松导致的拔钉、断钉、断棒现象的发生。     

系统护理在脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤患者中的应用效果

目的探讨系统护理在脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤患者中的应用效果。方法随机将2017年10月至2018年10月68例脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤患者分为观察组(34例,系统护理)与对照组(34例,常规护理)。比较两组患者的护理效果。结果观察组出院后3、6个月的SCIM-Ⅲ评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者的并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。出院后3个月,两组患者的各项生活质量评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论将系统护理应用于脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤患者中,可降低患者的并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。     

急性脊髓损伤后血清中ALT和AST活性变化的临床初步观察

目的：探讨血清中谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）和谷草转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）的活性与急性脊柱脊髓损伤的关系。并评价ＡＬＴ和ＡＳＴ活性的主民脊髓损伤严重程度的关系。方法：测定１３６例急性脊柱脊髓损伤患者在急性期及恢复期血清中ＡＬＴ和ＡＳＴ的水平,以及３０例急性仍柱骨折患者血清中ＡＬＴ和ＡＳＴ的浓度,分别进行统计学处理分析。结果：急性脊柱脊髓损伤患者血清中ＡＬＴ和ＡＳＴ活性显著高于其恢复期及单纯脊柱骨折患者,并且在急性     

无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的治疗和康复

目的探讨无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤手术治疗和保守治疗的临床疗效圾早期康复效果。方法48例男性患者分为手术组29例，行颈后路双开门椎管扩大成型术，并进行早期康复训练；保守治疗组19例，入院后即行康复训练。根据ASIA标准分别于治疗前和治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月对患者进行感觉和运动评分。结果两组在治疗后感觉及运动功能较治疗前提高（P〈0．05）；但手术组疗效明显优于保守治疗组（P〈0．01）。结论无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者早期施行减压及稳定手术可取得比保守治疗更好的康复效果。