术前B超评估胆石症腹腔镜胆囊切除术

Ｂ超对胆结石的诊断具有其他影像检查不可替代的优势，本文分析我院自 １９９７年 １１月～１９９９年 ４月资料完整的胆石症患者术前Ｂ超病例１４３例，旨在探讨超声检查对腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）的应用价值及临床意义。１资料与方法１．１一般资料全组１４３例，男２３例、女１２０例，年龄２４－６８岁，平均４６．５岁。全部病例均于诊断时和术前一日两次Ｂ超诊断为胆结石伴急性或慢性胆囊炎。１．２超声诊断采用日本ＲＴ－ｆｉｎｏ或ＲＴ－２８００型实时超声扫描仪，探头频率为３．５ＭＨｚ；患者空腹，观察胆囊大小、囊壁厚度、囊…     

B超对非结石原因肾积水的诊断及分析

肾积水是泌尿科临床上常见疾病，是尿路发生梗阻后，尿液自肾脏排出受阻，导致肾盂压力增高和肾盂肾盏扩张。梗阻原因分为机械性和动力性，对于机械性梗阻，原因最多的为泌尿系结石，约占７９．４％，而非结石原因肾积水的统计尚少见，本文回顾总结了近年来我院肾积水非结石原因的发生情况。１资料和方法我院１９９５年７月～２００１年７月住院患者５８例术前行B超检查，均经手术病理证实为肾积水，其中男４５例，女１３例，年龄９个月～７９岁。使用SIMENS－４００型超声诊断仪，探头频率３．５MHz，常规探查肾脏、输尿管，取仰卧位，在膀胱适度充盈条件下，检查膀胱及前列腺，并测量。对发现肾积水者，重点查找梗阻部位及原因，力求找出梗阻原因。２结果５８例梗阻性肾积水中，经手术和病理证实，输尿管囊肿１４例，年龄在９个月～２５岁；前列腺增生及前列腺癌１６例，年龄在５０岁以上；其中超声诊断输尿管囊肿１４例，诊断准确率１００％。该组患者年纪偏轻；超声诊断肿瘤１８例，准确率８５．７％；其中B超未找到病因的７例，经手术证实为输尿管先天狭窄５例，炎性狭窄２例。３讨论肾积水的诊断可通过各种检查确诊，如腹平片、静脉肾盂造影、逆行尿路造影以及超声诊断等，但对肾积水的...     

超声诊断肠梗阻临床价值探讨

为探讨超声对肠梗阻的诊断价值。方法：应用频率为３．５ＭＨｚ、５．０ＨＭｚ超声探头于腹部全方位、多切面并加压探查,超声检查结果与Ｘ线及手术病理检查结果对照。结果超声诊断完全性肠梗阻正确率为９５．２４％,不全性肠梗阻９１．６７％,总准确率为９５．１６％。结论：超声诊断肠梗阻的特异性敏感性,准确性及对梗阻病因的判断均优于其它影像学木检查,具有较大的临床实用价值。     

超声诊断早期胃癌的探讨

超声诊断早期胃癌的探讨王小萌，韩海成，崔耀升１资料和方法本文报告超声诊断早期胃癌１０例，其中男９例，女１例，年龄５～６８岁，平均４８岁。所用仪器为ＲＴ３６００型线阵超声显像仪，频率为３．５兆赫，被检查者禁食１２小时以上，常规采用仰卧及坐位，在上腹部或...     

B型超声对肠梗阻的诊断

本文报告了Ｂ型超声诊断肠梗阻１９例,旨在探讨Ｂ型超声对肠梗阻疾病的诊断意义。１资料与方法本组１９例肠梗阻中,男８例,女１１例,年龄７～６５岁,均表现为腹痛、呕吐、腹胀,停止自肛门排气排便。使用的超声仪探头频率为３５ＭＨｚ,使用过程中,应密切注意梗阻...     

梗阻性黄疸的B超诊断

梗阻性黄疸的Ｂ超诊断王增华，姜淑梅，鹿瑶，王宏１资料与方法１９８５年至今我们应用ＡＬＯＫＡＳＳＤ－２５６和ＧＥＲＴ－２６００型线阵型超声诊断仪，探头频率３．５ＭＨｚ。诊断梗阻性黄疸６３例（肝外胆道高位梗阻１８例，低位梗阻４５例），全部病例均经手术病是...     

B超诊断上消化道梗阻性疾病及与X线钡餐检查对比研究

目的：探讨Ｂ超诊断上消化道梗阻性疾病的临床价值并与Ｘ线钡餐检查（ＧＩ）比较。方法：Ｂ超检查４５例，ＧＩ检查３１例，全部经手术病理证实。结果：Ｂ超判断有无梗阻符合率９５．５％、特异性９７．８％、敏感性９７．８％，ＧＩ分别为９０．３％、１００．０％及９０．３％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ｂ超判断梗阻部位符合率为９５．５％，ＧＩ为９６．４％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在判断有无梗阻及梗阻部位方面两者准确性相近。Ｂ超对梗阻原因符合率为８２．２％，ＧＩ为５１．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：Ｂ超同样是诊断上消化道梗阻性疾病的有效手段，病因诊断优于ＧＩ，且安全、无创、重复性强，对于儿童病例更具优越性。     

肠道结石伴肠梗阻的超声诊断

目的：为了探讨用B超诊断肠道结石所致肠梗阻的可能性,64例临床拟诊肠梗阻的住院病人做了B超检查。方法：用美国彩超仪尖端影像和SONOS 5500对肠梗阻病人行腹部器官常规检查,首先除外肠外所致梗阻,然后观察肠管情况,注意有否肠管扩张,扩张部位,扩张程度及梗阻原因。结果：64例行B超检查的肠梗阻中,48例提示有肠梗阻(肠管扩张、梗阻部位近端积液、积气,蠕动增强等),其中18例最终被证实为肠道结石所致的梗阻,17例由手术证实,1例由结肠镜证实。18例中B超正确诊断15例,3例未能提示病因。肠道结石所致肠梗阻的声像图表现为病变部位肠管扩张,蠕动增强,其内充满大量液性内容物或糜状物,扩张部位的远端可见强回声团,其后伴声影。结论：B超能诊断大部分肠梗阻(48／64);超声诊断肠道结石所致的肠梗阻正确诊断率较高(15／18)。     

超声检查对眼球后海绵状血管瘤术后回顾分析

超声检查对眼球后海绵状血管瘤术后回顾分析浙江省金华市中心医院周一波本文采用ＵＬＴＲＡＭＡＲＫ９超声实时显像仪，线阵探头，频率５ＭＨｚ，对２２例超声诊断为海绵状血管瘤，男１１例．女８例，平均年龄４６岁（２３～６８岁），左眼９例，有限１３例，病灶最大的３...     

超声引导穿刺置管引流阑尾脓肿 41例临床总结

我院自１９９２年１月～１９９９年１２月 ,对部分阑尾脓肿患者在Ｂ超引导下行脓肿穿刺置管引流 ,效果满意。现报告如下。资料与方法１、临床资料本组４１例 ,男３４例 ,女７例。年龄２１～６８岁 ,平均４２岁。均经Ｂ超明确诊断阑尾脓肿 ,且液化良好 ,直径５～１４ｃｍ。脓肿经Ｂ超引导穿刺置管引流并配合全身抗炎及对症治疗 ,治疗时限为５～１６ｄ。２、仪器和方法采用东芝ＳＳＨ -１４０Ａ型超声显像仪 ,配套使用穿刺架 ,探头频率３．７５ＭＨＺ。采用国产０．２５～０．３ｃｍ穿刺套管针。患者取仰卧位或半卧位 ,Ｂ超选择脓肿中心为穿刺…     

Fast image mapping of endoscopic image mosaics with three-dimensional ultrasound image for intrauterine fetal surgery

This paper describes a fast image mapping system that integrates endoscopic image mosaics with three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound images for assisting intrauterine laser photocoagulation treatment. Endoscopic laser photocoagulation treatment has a good survival rate and a low complication rate for twins. However, the small field of view and lack of surrounding information makes the identification of vessel anastomosis difficult. We have developed an extended visualization system with the fusion of endoscopic image mosaics with a 3-D ultrasound-image model. Fully automatic and fast calibration is used for endoscope calibration in fluid. The 3-D spatial position of the endoscopic images and the ultrasound image are tracked by a 3-D position tracking device. The mosaiced endoscope images are registered to the surface of the 3-D ultrasound placenta model by using a fast GPU-based image rendering method and a seamless multi-images processing. Experimental results show that the system may provide an improved and efficient way of planning and guidance in laser photocoagulation treatment.     

CR与普通X线摄影在诊断中的比较

目的 探讨CR在诊断中较普通X线摄影的优势。方法 50例(胸片10例：其中床旁胸片3例、小孩胸片2例，鼻骨8例，腹部平片7例：其中小孩3例，脊柱15例：其中床旁1例，四肢关节10例：其中床旁1例、小孩1例)行CR检查．所有病例同时行普通X线检查。结果 ①50例病人行CR检查时的诊断准确率高于普通X线检查。CR检查时的诊断准确率为92％．而普通X线检查时的诊断准确率为80％。CR检查时的阳性率为52％，普通X线检查时的阳性率为44％。②)CR检查的漏诊与不确定诊断率低于普通X线检查。全部病人行CR检查时无漏诊、不确定诊断病例2例．全部病人行普通X线检查时有1份漏诊．不确定诊断病例5例。③CR检查的重拍率低于普通X线检查．其中以床旁拍片与小孩拍片为甚。全部病例行CR检查时重拍1例．普通X线检查重拍5例。④2例病人做胸片检查在行CR处理时发现有肾结石，而普通X线检查显示不出来。结论 CR检查在诊断中的效果优于普通X线检查，     

Medical image registration with partial data

We have developed a general-purpose registration algorithm for medical images and volumes. The transformation between images is modeled as locally affine but globally smooth, and explicitly accounts for local and global variations in image intensities. An explicit model of missing data is also incorporated, allowing us to simultaneously segment and register images with partial or missing data. The algorithm is built upon a differential multiscale framework and incorporates the expectation maximization algorithm. We show that this approach is highly effective in registering a range of synthetic and clinical medical images.     

Weakly supervised histopathology image segmentation with self-attention

Accurate segmentation in histopathology images at pixel-level plays a critical role in the digital pathology workflow. The development of weakly supervised methods for histopathology image segmentation liberates pathologists from time-consuming and labor-intensive works, opening up possibilities of further automated quantitative analysis of whole-slide histopathology images. As an effective subgroup of weakly supervised methods, multiple instance learning (MIL) has achieved great success in histopathology images. In this paper, we specially treat pixels as instances so that the histopathology image segmentation task is transformed into an instance prediction task in MIL. However, the lack of relations between instances in MIL limits the further improvement of segmentation performance. Therefore, we propose a novel weakly supervised method called SA-MIL for pixel-level segmentation in histopathology images. SA-MIL introduces a self-attention mechanism into the MIL framework, which captures global correlation among all instances. In addition, we use deep supervision to make the best use of information from limited annotations in the weakly supervised method. Our approach makes up for the shortcoming that instances are independent of each other in MIL by aggregating global contextual information. We demonstrate state-of-the-art results compared to other weakly supervised methods on two histopathology image datasets. It is evident that our approach has generalization ability for the high performance on both tissue and cell histopathology datasets. There is potential in our approach for various applications in medical images.     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的应用研究

目的探讨16层CT冠状动脉成像的应用价值.方法 146例患者行16层CT冠状动脉成像,评价图像质量及狭窄程度.其中33例行常规冠状动脉造影作对照.结果 1 262节段能满足管腔评价,270个节段不能满足管腔的评价.常规造影显示正常或轻度狭窄、中度狭窄的节段,CT有89.6%的节段与其分级一致;显示重度狭窄的节段,CT有90.9%的节段与其分级一致.结论 16层CT冠状动脉成像是一种无创、简便优良的检查方法,显示有临床意义的冠状动脉狭窄(>50%)的准确性很高,对桥血管及冠脉支架术后复查具有优良价值.     

Accurately motion-corrected Lissajous OCT with multi-type image registration

Passive motion correction methods for optical coherence tomography (OCT) use image registration to estimate eye movements. To improve motion correction, a multi-image cross-correlation that employs spatial features in different image types is introduced. Lateral motion correction using en face OCT and OCT-A projections on Lissajous-scanned OCT data is applied. Motion correction using OCT-A projection of whole depth and OCT amplitude, OCT logarithmic intensity, and OCT maximum intensity projections were evaluated in retinal imaging with 76 patients. The proposed method was compared with motion correction using OCT-A projection of whole depth. The comparison shows improvements in the image quality of motion-corrected superficial OCT-A images and image registration.