Airway stenting for malignant respiratory complications in esophageal cancer

Airway stenting is required for the palliative treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. This study retrospectively analyzes the outcomes of airway stenting for esophageal cancer at our institution. Data from nine patients who underwent airway stenting were reviewed. All patients had poor respiratory status due to esophagorespiratory fistula and/or respiratory stenosis. We retrospectively assessed the results of airway stenting as five grades of respiratory symptoms, regarding stent-related complications and clinical course and survival. Six silicone and six covered self-expandable metallic stents were deployed in five and six patients, respectively. Two types of airway stents were deployed in two patients, and double stents were positioned in the airway and in the esophagus of three other patients. The grade of respiratory symptoms improved in seven patients. The mean dyspnea grade was 3.0±0.9 and 1.3±1.3 before and after airway stenting, respectively. Stent-related complications comprised of chest pain, incomplete closure of the ERF, sputum retention and stent migration. The mean±SD survival of all patients was 103±108 (range, 0 to 325) days, and the survival of patients without relapsed cancer at the time of stenting, who underwent cancer-specific therapy after stenting, was prolonged. Although the airway should be stented according to the status and the prognosis of each patient individually stenting can relieve symptoms and improve the prognosis even when esophageal cancer is at very advanced stages. Airway stenting could play a role in the multidisciplinary management of advanced esophageal cancer.     

A 6-year-survival case of esophageal adenosquamous cancer with liver metastases cured by multidisciplinary therapy

A 65-year-old man was diagnosed as esophageal cancer with multiple liver metastases (S2 10 mm, S7 10 mm, S8 15 mm). The preoperative diagnosis was stage IV (T 3 N 3 M 1 Pl 0), and he was operated palliatively by esophagocardiofundectomy and intrathoracic anastomosis for oral food intake. The postoperative histological diagnosis was adenosquamous carcinoma. One month after the operation he was administered orally UFT-E (300 mg/day) and PSK (3g/day). He was also treated by hepatic arterial infusion therapy with CDDP (10 mg/week). After 180 mg of CDDP, liver metastases were evaluated for PR. This therapy was discontinued after 410 mg of CDDP by vomiting and hypotension. 16 months after, DOC (20 mg/week) was given by arterial infusion and CR of liver metastases was achieved 18 months after. Then he was given 840 mg of DOC and oral administration of UFT-E and PSK was performed for about 5 years. He was free from the recurrence of cancer as an outpatient and had a good QOL. We think that esophageal cancer with liver metastasis should be aggressively treated surgically so as to allow oral food intake, and liver metastasis should be treated with chemotherapy because postoperative hepatic arterial infusion therapy is effective and provides a good QOL.     

An effective treatment by chemoradiation therapy after stent insertion for advanced esophageal cancer with esophago-pulmonary fistula--report of a case

We report the case of a 56-year-old male who was diagnosed as advanced esophageal cancer with esophago-pulmonary fistula and lung abscess. He received radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-FU after insertion of a self-expanding metallic stent. He had sufficient food intake during the chemoradiotherapy (CRT). CRT was very effective for not only primary tumor but also lymph node metastasis, with resulting partial response.We could not detect any relapses and metastases for 8 months after CRT. The CRT after insertion of self-expanding metallic stent is one of the useful and palliative treatments for advance esophageal cancer with esophago-pulmonary fistula.     

食管癌根治术后吻合口气管瘘的诊治与临床分析

目的:探讨食管癌根治术后食管胃吻合口气管瘘的诊治.方法:2003年6月-2013年10月我院共行食管癌根治术472例,对其中术后出现食管胃吻合口气管瘘并发症的病例进行回顾性分析.结果:食管胃吻合口气管瘘的发生率为1.27%(6/472),病死率为0.42%(2/472).6例患者中2例行手术治疗治愈;4例行保守治疗,2例治愈,2例死亡,结论:降低食管切除术后吻合口瘘的发生率及术中避免气管膜部损伤可预防食管胃吻合口气管瘘的发生.针对不同病情选择恰当的治疗方法能够提高食管胃吻合口气管瘘的治愈率.     

102例老年食管癌术后呼吸功能不全的临床诊疗分析

目的:探讨老年食管癌术后呼吸功能不全的危险因素。方法:对102例老年食管癌术后呼吸功能不全的临床资料做回顾性分析。结果:在102例老年食管癌术后呼吸功能不全患者中,34例发生呼吸衰竭(占33.3%),12例死亡(占呼吸衰竭病例数的35.3%,占呼吸功能不全病例数的11.8%)。术后呼吸功能不全发生时间:从手术结束麻醉苏醒后不能脱呼吸机至术后10天,其中呼吸衰竭多发生于发生呼吸功能不全6~12小时后。呼吸衰竭患者应用呼吸机治疗时间为2~27天。结论:术前心肺功能较差、肺部原发疾病、术中输入较多晶体液、术中大量输血、手术创伤、术后切口疼痛、肺部感染、胸胃扩张、吻合口瘘、胃贲门残端瘘等与老年食管癌术后呼吸功能不全有关。     

A case report of esophageal carcinoma developing esophago-brochial fistula successfully treated by esophageal bypass surgery

We have experienced a case of esophageal carcinoma developing esophago-bronchial fistula that was successfully treated by esophageal bypass surgery followed by chemo-radiation. A man aged 64 years old with developed esophago- bronchial fistula after initial chemo-radiation was undergone a gastric bypass surgery to separate esophagus and bronchus. Though closure of fistula was just 4 months after definitive chemo-radiation, an oral feeding was possible until the death of the patient. Stent placement for esophageal carcinoma was less invasive treatment though chemo-radiation after a stent placement was accompanied by high incidence of stent associated morbidity. Since esophageal bypass surgery can definitely separate airway from esophagus, chemo-radiation with oral feeding can be easily carried out. Esophageal bypass surgery was a treatment recommendation for the patient with esophageal carcinoma invading trachea or bronchus.     

内支架置入对中晚期食管癌治疗价值的评估

目的采用内支架置入的方法对中晚期食管癌进行姑息性治疗,观察其疗效及不良反应.方法18例中晚期食管癌患者中,手术后吻合口肿瘤复发4例,合并食管-气管瘘及食管-纵隔瘘各1例.18例中晚期食管癌患者经食管造影显示狭窄段管腔直径均小于5mm,均先行球囊扩张,后置入支架.结果随访18个月,1例2个月后死于食管-气管瘘合并肺内感染,另1例6个月后死于消化道大出血.2例再狭窄后行放射治疗,其余患者均未出现进食障碍.结论内支架置入对中晚期食管癌治疗效果明显,操作简单、安全,无严重并发症,值得临床推广.     

Two cases of lymph node recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection of esophageal cancer

Here, we reported two cases of lymph node recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection of esophageal cancer. Case 1: A patient was a 49-year-old man. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed to the 0-IIc type esophageal cancer in October 2005. The pathological findings were moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, pT1b-SM3, ly0, and v0. Therefore, additional therapy of definitive chemoradiation was conducted. However, he complained a difficulty in swallowing in June 2007 and computed tomography (CT) revealed a lymph node measuring 4 cm in diameter at the right side of cardia ( #1). Therefore, a radical operation to the lymph node recurrence was performed in August 2007. Pathological findings revealed metastases of cancer were not only in #1 LN but also in #8a. Unfortunately, the patient died on the 37th day after the operation due to a respiratory failure and anastomotic leakage. Case 2: A patient was a 68-year-old man. EMR was performed to the 0-IIa type esophageal cancer in August 2006. The pathological findings were poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, pT1a-MM, ly0, v0. Therefore, adjuvant chemotherapy was added. However, in February 2009, a follow-up CT showed a metastatic lymph node measuring 2 cm in diameter at the right side of cardia (#1) and a radical operation was performed in June 2009. Pathological findings revealed the metastatic lymph nodes were at the right side of cardia (#1) and middle thoracic paraesophagus (#108).     

A surgical case of submucosal esophageal carcinoma with esophageal leiomyoma misdiagnosed as esophageal

A 56-year-old man with submucosal esophageal carcinoma combined with esophageal leiomyoma is presented. He had suffered from progressive dysphagia and vomiting. X-ray and endoscopic examination revealed severe stenosis of the lower esophagus with smooth mucosa, and CT scan demonstrated a circular and localized tumor. The histological diagnosis of esophageal leiomyoma was made by means of surgical biopsy. Resection of the lower esophagus and upper stomach was performed. But the postoperative pathological examination revealed submucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma combined with esophageal leiomyoma. The etiology and diagnosis in this case were discussed.     

A case of advanced esophageal cancer with suspected tracheoesophageal fistula that responded to chemoradiotherapy

Chemoradiotherapy combined cisplatin, 5-FU and radiation was carried out in an advanced esophageal cancer with suspected tracheoesophageal fistula after insertion of an expandable metallic stent. Regression of the primary tumor was observed, and oral intake could be started. Chemoradiotherapy after insertion of the expandable metallic stent was useful in this case of advanced esophageal cancer with suspected tracheoesophageal fistula.     

老年食管贲门癌术后呼吸衰竭的临床分析

目的 分析老年食管贲门癌患者术后发生呼吸衰竭的高危因素.方法 对68例老年食管贲门癌患者术后临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 68例老年食管贲门癌中,术后发生呼吸衰竭14例(20.6%),死亡2例(占呼吸衰竭病例数的14.3%,占病例总数的2.9%).术后呼吸衰竭发生时间从手术结束、麻醉苏醒后不能脱离呼吸机至术后7 d.呼...     

A case of esophageal small cell carcinoma with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with esophageal tumor. He was diagnosed with esophageal small cell carcinoma by endoscopic biopsy. He had a low serum sodium level at admission and was diagnosed syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). His CT scan revealed esophageal wall thickness and swelling of thoracic and abdominal lymph nodes. He was classified as Stage IV a (cT3cN4cM0). He received systemic chemotherapy with CDDP and CPT-11. After three courses of chemotherapy, his tumor disappeared on CT scan and endoscopy. He was diagnosed as in complete remission and his SIADH recovered. The patient was then discharged and visited our outpatient clinic. Seven months after diagnosis, a tumor recurrence was indicated by CT scan and endoscopy. He received radiation therapy, and chemotherapy of paclitaxel, followed by CBDCA+VP-16. He is presently alive sixteen months after diagnosis.     

食管癌食管气管瘘一期切除气管成形术临床探讨(附7例报告)

目的探讨食管癌食管气管瘘一期切除气管成形术的临床价值.方法总结分析我院近1年来手术治疗7例食管癌食管气管瘘的临床资料.结果本组7例,一期切除率100%,气管修补成形全部成功,均痊愈出院,饮食正常,无呼吸道感染.最长1例已生存10个月,可做一般体力劳动.结论食管癌食管气管瘘一期切除气管成形术是目前治疗本病最积极有效的方法;掌握好适应证,加强围手术期观察和治疗,是安全可行的,可提高患者生存质量,延长生存期.     

Three cases of lung cancer with bulla

We present three cases of lung cancer with bulla, which were preoperatively detected by TBLB or brushing cytology. Case 1:55 year-old man. Large-cell carcinoma of the right upper lobe. A giant bulla had been observed eight years earlier. The carcinoma protruded into the bulla just like a pedunculated polyp. Case 2: 67-year-old woman. Adenocarcinoma with severe fibrosis adjoined to the bulla of the right upper lobe. Case 3: 63-year-old man. Adenocarcinoma surrounding the central margin of the subpleural giant bula of the right lower lobe. We also discussed the clinical and pathological problems of lung cancer with bullous disease.     

Tracheoesophageal Fistula Closed by Chemoradiotherapy in Lung Cancer

A 45-year-old man complaining of cough, dyspnea, and difficulty in swallowing was referred to our hospital. Chest CT scan showed a mediastinal mass compressing the trachea. He was diagnosed with poorly differentiated lung carcinoma by percutaneous needle biopsy. Bronchoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Long-lasting febrile neutropenia made it impossible to continue chemotherapy, but a course of radiotherapy (total 61 Gy) was completed. The next endoscopy revealed closure of the TEF. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been reported to close TEF in esophageal cancer, but the risk of a CRT-induced worsening of the fistula has dissuaded physicians from using CRT to treat TEF in lung cancer patients. CRT may serve as a palliative treatment for TEF in lung cancer as well as esophageal cancer.Key words: Chemoradiotherapy, Lung carcinoma, Tracheoesophageal fistula     

高龄食管癌68例外科治疗体会

目的:探讨高龄食管癌患者的外科治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析68例70岁以上食管癌外科治疗临床资料。结果:68例患者中手术切除65例,切除率95.6％,并发症发生率44％,其中肺部感染9例,吻合口瘘2例,心功能不全7例,心律失常10例,切口愈合不良2例,死亡2例,1例死于吻合口瘘,1例死于呼吸衰竭,死亡率2.9%。结论:严格掌握手术指征,选择合理的手术方式、加强围手术期处理,是减少高龄食管癌患者术后并发症的关键。     

A case of inoperable esophageal carcinoma with hepatic and nodal metastases which showed a long-term survival after chemoradiotherapy including nedaplatin

We report a case of metastatic esophageal carcinoma successfully treated with chemoradiotherapy. A 61-year-old man, diagnosed as suffering from advanced esophageal carcinoma with liver and lymph node metastases, was treated with a combination of nedaplatin (90 mg/m2/day, 1 h drip infusion, day 1), 5-fluorouracil (800 mg/m2/day, continuous infusion, days 1-5), and radiotherapy (2 Gy/day, days 1-5, 8-12 and 15-19). The cycle was repeated twice every 5 weeks from July 2, 1997. He achieved a complete response 1 month after finishing two courses of chemoradiotherapy followed by an additional three courses of chemotherapy without radiation. Seven months after the completion of radiotherapy, pericardial effusion with negative cytology was recognized. The effusion was treated by pericardiocentesis and drainage for several days. After drainage, the effusion could be easily managed with diuretics. This patient is still alive with no evidence of disease more than 2.5 years after the initiation of the treatment.     

食管良恶性狭窄及瘘的带膜内支架介入治疗

目的：研究应用带膜的镍钛合金金属内支架治疗食管的良恶性狭窄。方法：共60例患者,不能手术晚期食管癌19例,食管癌放疗后引起的食管狭窄20例,手术后吻合口狭窄18例,手术后吻合口瘘2例,腐蚀性食管炎1例,4例合并食管-气管瘘或食管-纵隔瘘。所用器械包括：6F猎人头导管,0.035Cun长1.8m交换导丝,食管球囊导管,支架推送器和50-120mm镍钛合金属支架。全部在电视透视下进行,局部口咽部麻醉。结果：全部病例均获成功,其中一例患者因狭窄位置较高,支架置入后48小时取出,术后进食良好。结论：带膜的镍钛合金金属内支架对食管的恶性狭窄进行姑息性治疗是提高患者生存质量安全有效的方法;对手术后吻合口瘘与狭窄和食管-气管瘘或食管-纵隔瘘起到了较好的治疗作用。     

A case of recurrent esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion treated by chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) after placement of tracheal stent that maintained complete response (CR) for two years

Frequently advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer was invasive trachea and often causing hemoptysis, stenosis and dyspnea. Occasionally, these cases were treated by a placement of tracheal stent. The placement effect was quickly and a main symptom of dyspnea was improved dramatically. However, the most of the cases were in poor prognosis with advanced cancer treated by chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). We experienced a case of recurrent esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion treated by placement of tracheal expandable metallic stent (EMS). A case was a 73-year-old man (at first admission). He was performed esophagectomy with tracheotomy against esophageal carcinoma at cervical portion. Eighteen month later, a local recurrence with tracheal invasion was appeared. The tracheal covered stent was inserted at the recurrent site. After stenting, CRT was performed with 5-FU and docetaxel. The effect of CRT was complete response (CR). Hence, a stent was removed from trachea. No recurrence was observed at the site and maintained a CR condition for two years after CRT.     

食管癌穿孔外科治疗的临床分析

背景与目的:食管癌穿孔往往发生在癌肿进展期,易并发胸内感染,病情危重。保守疗法包括食管旷置、肠内或静脉营养支持以及内镜下放置支架,但是这些方法既不能消除癌肿又难以控制胸内感染,近期死亡率高。本研究分析外科治疗食管癌穿孔的手术方法及围手术期治疗特点。方法:对41例食管癌穿孔患者(其中穿入右肺19例,穿入纵隔17例,穿入气管5例)进行手术治疗。开胸手术39例,其中右胸三切口术式16例,分期手术23例,经胸骨后间隙胃或结肠代食管35例,经食管床胃代食管4例。2例只做胃造瘘姑息手术治疗。结果:36例患者获得手术成功,康复期能经口腔进食保证营养,生活自理,术后随访3～72个月,其中生存3个月2例,6～12个月31例,24个月2例,72个月1例,手术后死亡2例,2例胃造瘘姑息手术者和1例术后吻合口气管瘘再通者自动出院后1个月内死亡。结论:手术治疗食管癌穿孔成功恢复消化道的连续性,明显延长了患者的生存期,提高了生活质量;手术径路以右胸三切口术式(胸骨后胃或结肠代食管)或分期手术为佳。