Outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass in renal dialysis patients

BACKGROUND: Renal dialysis patients are a subgroup at major operative risk when undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Even though CABG without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has decreased the surgical risk and provided good short-term results, the long-term survival seems uncertain. We report here on the long-term outcome of CABG without CPB in renal dialysis patients. METHODS: From 1998 to 2002, 44 renal dialysis patients underwent elective CABG without CPB, including 17 minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) and 27 off-pump CABG (OPCAB) procedures. There were 5 one-vessel, 12 two-vessel and 27 multi-vessel coronary artery disease patients, who mainly had left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) grafting with an additional saphenous vein graft to non-LAD coronaries. RESULTS: All 44 patients were followed up for 44.4 +/- 31.2 months. Three (6.8 %) surgical deaths within 30 days occurred and 25 late mortalities happened over a period of 2 - 79 months. The 5-year cumulative rate of total survival is 38.2 % and the freedom from cardiac death is 70.9 %. Using hazard analysis, old age (> 60 years) and incomplete coronary revascularization was found to significantly affect the total survival. CONCLUSIONS: CABG without CPB provided an acceptable surgical mortality and morbidity. The high incidence of non-cardiac death associated with dialysis complications had an adverse impact on the overall outcome. The LITA bypass operation method combined with intensive care for dialysis complications would hopefully fulfill the goal to improve the short- and long-term results in this subgroup.     

On-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass using quadruple arterial grafts

The optimal combination of arterial grafts for quadruple coronary artery bypass is the bilateral internal mammary artery, the radial artery, and the gastroepiploic artery. Patients who underwent quadruple bypass in our hospital group between December 1995 and March 2001 were retrospectively analyzed to determine whether off-pump surgery (n = 27) provides better outcomes than conventional on-pump surgery (n = 51). Preoperative risk factors as well as the mean number of distal anastomoses (4.5 in the off-pump versus 4.8 in the on-pump patients) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Postoperative recovery was significantly faster in the off-pump group than in the on-pump group (intubation time, 6.4 versus 16 hours; stay in intensive care unit, 2 versus 3 days; and postoperative hospital stay, 12.3 versus 15.8 days). Early stenosis-free graft patency rates did not differ significantly (90.3% versus 89.3%). No late cardiac events were observed in the off-pump group, while 4 occurred in the on-pump group. Quadruple arterial bypass without cardiopulmonary bypass is safe, and it allows faster recovery. The follow-up results of off-pump patients so far have been satisfactory.     

复合血管桥对冠状动脉旁路移植术中桥血管血流的影响

目的探讨复合血管桥技术对冠状动脉旁路移植术中桥血管血流的影响。方法回顾分析2006年1月至2007年7月185例连续进行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者，按照是否应用复合血管桥分为复合桥组（A组，88例）和常规搭桥组（B组，97例）。其中A组按照桥血管材料分为复合动脉桥组（A1组，22例）和复合静脉桥组（A2组，66例）；B组按照桥血管材料分为常规动脉桥组（B1组，16例）和常规静脉桥组（S2组，81例）。于全部吻合口吻合完毕血流动力学稳定情况下，用即时血流测量仪（TTFM）直接测量并记录桥血流各项参数。结果复合动脉桥组和常规动脉桥组及复合静脉桥组和常规静脉桥组在平均血流及搏动指数方面差异无统计学意义。结论不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术应用复合血管桥技术不影响桥血流量，近期临床效果良好。     

Conscious off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

BACKGROUND: Cardiothoracic surgery has been previously performed successfully under thoracic epidural anesthesia alone. Between October 2001 and December 2003, we performed 123 conscious off-pump coronary artery bypass surgeries using epidural anesthesia as the sole anesthetic. This technique is an alternative to cardiothoracic surgery performed under general anesthesia. Certain modifications in the technique facilitate the process. METHODS AND RESULTS: There were 24 female patients and 99 male patients with mean age of 58.6 +/- 6.2 years; 12 patients underwent repeat coronary artery bypass surgery. All the patients underwent epidural catheterization on the evening before surgery. Out of the 123 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 120 underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery successfully; 4 patients underwent off-pump surgery via left thoracotomy and the rest through mid sternotomy. These patients received 295 grafts in all (single graft in 26 patients, double in 42 patients, triple in 35 patients, and quadruple in 20 patients). Three patients required conversion to general anesthesia and one to cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no mortality in the group. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that by modifying the surgical techniques, we can accomplish conscious coronary artery bypass surgery.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术86例报告

目的 总结86例非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCAB)的手术体会及术后处理经验。方法 采用左乳内动脉、桡动脉和大隐静脉作为移植材料．共实施OPCAB86例，搭桥242支，术后加强呼吸道护理，保持循环稳定。结果 本组无1例死亡．术后早期发生心律失常16例，肺炎、肺不张6例，切口感染1例。随访3～24个月心绞痛症状均消失，无心肌缺血事件发生，患者生活质量明显提高。结论 非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术创伤小．恢复快。效果良好，安全经济，是一种理想的手术方法。术后保持循环稳定．加强呼吸道护理可减少并发症。     

Combined off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and aorto-bicarotid bypass

A 63-year-old man with severe coronary artery disease and occlusion of aortic arch branches presented with dizziness, syncope and unstable angina. He underwent a combined surgical procedure of aorto-bicarotid bypass and off-pump myocardial revascularization. The operation was successful and he had no complications during 11 months of follow-up.     

非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉搭桥418例临床分析

目的总结418例非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术的临床经验。方法在非体外循环下行冠脉搭桥术418例,其中经正中切口414例,左外侧小切口4例。患者搭桥数目1￣5(3.1±0.9)根,应用左侧乳内动脉274根,桡动脉21根。结果术后气管插管时间为2￣6h,平均胸腔引流量为(365.0±23.0)ml,输库血146例(34.9%),二次开胸12例(2.9%),早期心肌梗死4例(0.9%),心绞痛6例(1.4%),心功能不全8例(1.9%),心律失常30例(7.2%),早期死亡4例(0.9%)。结论非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术创伤小,并发症少。     

Coronary artery surgery: conventional coronary artery bypass grafting versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Coronary revascularization has become the principal treatment modality in patients with severe coronary artery disease. The broader application of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with multivessel disease and the recent introduction of drug-eluting stents have both lead to a decline in the number of patients referred for surgical revascularization. Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting using cardiopulmonary bypass is an excellent treatment, however less invasive surgical approaches such as off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting have appeared in the past few years. The exact role of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is still vaguely defined and being critically evaluated. Our aim is to provide an objective review of the recent literature in regard to surgical outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: A critical review of all relevant clinical series from May 2003 to May 2005 was conducted. Current prospective data suggests that both techniques have similar rates of mortality, in regard to morbidity, multiple prospective studies suggest a decrease in stroke rates for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. The incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction does not appear to differ between techniques. When analyzed carefully, the results presented herein seem to indicate that both techniques provide similar rates for long-term patency and freedom from surgical reintervention. SUMMARY: Coronary artery bypass grafting and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting are both safe and beneficial in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. It appears that elderly patients with additional co-morbid risk factors may benefit most from off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. It has become increasingly apparent that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed safely in reference centers.     

Current status of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

The expanding indications for angioplasty coupled with the successful short and mid-term results of randomized controlled trials of drug-eluting stents have already had an unquestionable impact on the practice of coronary revascularization operations. However, coronary artery bypass grafting remains a major mode of therapy for coronary artery disease. It is likely that surgery will continue to be preferred for more complex subsets and that surgeons will have to continue to maintain good results in patients with more complex problems. Concerns regarding morbidity associated with conventional surgical myocardial revascularization on cardiopulmonary bypass have led to a resurgence of interest in off-pump bypass surgery during the last decade, with the expectation that it would be safer if cardiopulmonary bypass could be avoided. This review summarizes the impact of off-pump bypass surgery in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with conventional coronary artery bypass on cardiopulmonary bypass by evaluating the current best-available evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses comparing off-pump surgery with conventional bypass grafting.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后疗效观察

目的通过与传统体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（CCABG）对比,评价非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）的近期临床疗效。方法纳入36例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者,随机分为CCABG组（n=15）和OPCAB组（n=21）,记录两种方法的桥血管数、住院期间死亡率、手术和住院时间、引流量、血肌酐等近期临床指标。结果与CCABG相比,OPCAB的桥血管数、住院期间死亡率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,但手术时间缩短[（183.65±52.71）min vs.（273.32±36.53）min]、住院时间缩短[（8.60±1.38）d vs.（14.30±3.18）d]、24h引流量明显减少[（278.31±138.50）ml vs.（473.84±121.76）ml]、血肌酐明显下降[（105.65±19.42）mmol/L vs.（139.41±38.61）mmol/L]。结论与CCABG相比,OPCAB治疗冠心病安全可行,临床疗效较好。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中的护理

冠状动脉旁路移植是应用自体血管桥移植来改善狭窄冠状动脉远端心肌血运的方法[1].非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG）即在跳动的心脏上＂搭桥＂.由于手术在持续跳动的心脏上进行,操作难度较大,因此要求手术室护士提高配合质量,以缩短手术时间,提高手术效率.在心外工作期间,共参与OPCABG 术中护理69例,现将手术中的护理体会介绍如下.     

FloTrac/Vigileo系统用于冠状动脉搭桥术中血流动力学监测

目的:观察FloTrac/Vigileo系统在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)血流动力学监测中应用的可行性,分析其与肺动脉导管(PAC)心排量监测(CCO)结果的相关性。方法:随机选择50例择期OPCABG的患者,所有患者同时应用连续心排出量(APCO)和CCO进行心排量(CO)监测,分别在切皮前、吻合左冠状动前降支、吻合回旋支、吻合后降支、关胸后5个时间点,测定2种方法监测的CO、心排指数(CI)及其他血流动力学参数。结果:术中在固定器放置、改变心脏位置、血管活性药物及使用正性肌力药情况下,APCO监测结果均有所改变,变化趋势与PAC监测结果一致。2种监测方法在各时间点监测的CO值的相关系数(r)分别为0.70,0.59,0.78,0.74及0.85,各时间点CI差值的偏倚范围分别为:(0.39±0.06)L.min-1.m-2、(0.48±0.12)L.min-1.m-2、(0.26±0.06)L.min-1.m-2、(0.27±0.06)L.min-1.m-2及(0.30±0.05)L.min-1.m-2,提示2种方法监测结果有较好的相关性。2种监测方法所得(SVR)在吻合血管时变化趋势与各自监测所得CO变化趋势相反。结论:APCO用于OP-CABG术中连续CO监测具有可行性,与PAC监测法所得CO结果相关,监测结果体现了较好的即时性和动态性。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术在高龄患者中的应用

早期探索冠状动脉旁路移植术,在体外循环灌注技术(cardiopulmonary bypass．CPB)还未成熟的时候,就是在非体外循环下进行的,1962年Sabiston首先在心脏跳动下完成了用静脉做升主动脉一右冠状动脉旁路移植术,1964年DeBakey在美国,Kolessov在前苏联分别完成了用静脉和内乳动脉做前降支的旁路移植术,但此后随着体外循环技术的出现并广泛地应用于心脏外科临床,     

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术的临床体会

目的总结非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术的经验。方法1999年8月2日～2001年12月31日,共行非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术80例,男65例,女15例,年龄为43～73岁,平均为65.1岁。其中稳定型心绞痛23例,不稳定型心绞痛57例,血管病变程度均大于70%。IVD(I支血管病变)3例(3.8%),IIVD(II支血管病变)11例(13.8%),IIIVD(III支血管病变)66例(82.5%),合并左主干病变27例(33.8%),血管狭窄程度为50%～90%。心脏射血分数为40.3%～62.6%,平均为47.3%,合并有糖尿病31例(38.6%)、高血压27例(33.8)、多发性脑梗塞2例、肾功能中度损害2例(2.5%)、颈内动脉狭窄大于60%8例(10%)、术前有陈旧性心肌梗死36例(45%)。术中发现主动脉钙化斑块2例(2.5%),术中改成体外循环手术2例(2.5%)。结果用LIMA-左前降支76例,左桡动脉桥5例,其余联合应用大隐静脉搭桥,应用单支桥或序贯式搭桥或Y型桥的方法I支血管病变搭桥4根,II支血管病变搭桥25根,III支血管病变搭桥205根,全组人均搭桥2.9根(1～5根)。围术期心梗1例,死亡1例,脑卒中发生1例。出院时患者均无心绞痛主诉。结论OPCABG避免了CPB的并发症及缺血再灌注损伤,特别是对体外循环高危病人更有益。病人恢复快,住院时间短。但因手术难度较大,需对病人有一定选择,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

一站式杂交技术与非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术治疗复杂冠心病的meta分析

目的用meta分析方法对一站式杂交技术与非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术治疗冠心病疗效的临床研究进行综合性定量研究。方法使用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索EMBASE,Cochrane图书馆、中国知网、万方数据库、CBM,web of Science,scopus,Google scholar and Controlled Trails metaRegister,Pubmed及Medline等数据库的文献,收集有关比较一站式杂交技术和非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术治疗冠心病的对照研究实验,评价入选研究的质量。结果共纳入符合标准的文献5篇,共409例患者。Meta分析结果显示:杂交组手术时间长于传统组住院费用多于传统组(P0.05);机械通气时间、住ICU的时间住院时间失血量、输红细胞悬浮液量术后心肌梗死发生率明显低于传统组(P0.05)。杂交组的非计划再次手术、术后新发房颤发生率及随访期死亡发生率与传统组无统计学差异(P0.05),但是杂交组随访期主要心脏不良事件发生率低于传统组且重返工作或正常活动时间短于传统组(P0.05)。结论一站式杂交治疗复杂冠心病的疗效可能优于非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术。     

186例老年冠心病患者是、否体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术的比较

目的:比较老年冠心病患者体外循环与非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效。方法:A组选择87例65岁以上的老年患者在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG);B组选择79例65岁以上的老年患者在非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)。结果:B组死亡率低于A组(P<0.05),术后胸腔引流量明显少于A组(P<0.05)。结论:老年冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术是安全的。     

OPCABG术后阿司匹林抵抗的观察

目的 探讨非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCABG)后阿司匹林抵抗(AR)规律.方法 应用流式细胞技术,检测56例OPCABG患者血小板膜表面活化标记物CD62P及PAC-1的表达情况.结果 术前口服阿司匹林后CD62P、PAC-1阳性表达率分别为6.04%±5.80%、13.63%±12.70%;术后1 d分别为10.20%±3.40%、15.45%±9.40%,均明显降低(P＜0.05);术后5 d分别为21.02%±16.52%、39.24%±11.53%,与术后1 d相比均明显升高(P＜0.05);术后10 d分别为5.65%±1.12%、16.01%±5.43%,与术前口服阿司匹林后相比,P＞0.05.结论 OPCABG后存在一过性AR.     

Initial experience with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is clearly preferable for patients with extracardiac complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial outcome of OPCAB, and its validity for patients with extracardiac complications. One hundred and fifty-seven consecutive coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients were divided into two groups: 30 OPCAB patients and 127 on-pump CABG patients. The early outcomes of the two groups were compared. Preoperatively, OPCAB patients had more extracardiac risk factors than on-pump CABG patients. There were no differences in age or cardiac function between the groups, but the off-pump group had a higher incidence of previous surgery, cerebrovascular disease, and renal failure. There were no differences in graft patency, stroke, or mortality between the two groups, even though the OPCAB patients had more risk factors than the on-pump patients. Our initial experience with OPCAB showed that it is acceptable for high-risk patients in view of the serious nature of their extracardiac condition. Received: April 12, 2001 / Accepted: August 17, 2001     

冠状动脉左主干病变的治疗策略

冠状动脉(冠脉)左主干病变首选冠脉搭桥手术(CABG),尽可能选择不停跳CABG。急诊CABG风险较高,手术适应证①严重的左主干病变(>75%),尤其"无保护"左主干病变;②左主干病变>50%,并(或)有3支病变,出现严重的危及生命的室性心律失常;③左主干病变伴有急性冠脉综合征。     

内窥镜获取大隐静脉技术在非体外冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床应用

目的:总结内窥镜获取大隐静脉技术(EVH)在非体外冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)的应用以及早中期结果。方法:回顾分析2010年8月至2013年12月间,北京安贞医院心脏外科11病区73例采用内窥镜获取大隐静脉技术的CABG术早期、中期结果。结果:下肢切口为(4.0±2.0)cm;大隐静脉取材长度(32.1±6.8)cm,获取时间为(50.0±12.9)分钟。静脉壁损伤需要7-0Prolene线修补的漏口数平均为1.3个。1例术中转为开放获取大隐静脉,所有患者术后无下肢切口感染。围手术期无心肌梗死、脑卒中以及死亡事件发生。随访65例,随访时间1~34个月。冠状动脉CTA显示大隐静脉总体通畅率为86.0%。结论:内窥镜获取大隐静脉技术可能带来良好的早期和中期效果。