非特指外周T细胞淋巴瘤中PTEN的改变

目的观察非特指外周T细胞淋巴瘤(peripheral T cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified,PTCL-NOS)中抑癌基因(phos-phatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)的改变情况,探讨其与肿瘤生物学行为的关系,为阐明PTCL-NOS的发生、发展机制提供科学依据。方法应用间期双色荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术检测36例PTCL-NOS石蜡包埋组织中PTEN基因的改变情况,分析其改变与各临床参数的关系。结果 36例PTCL-NOS中8例出现PTEN杂合性缺失(loss of heterozygosity,LOH);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示该基因异常组较正常组生存期明显缩短(P<0.05);PTEN基因改变与病理分期、发生部位、年龄、性别、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 PTCL-NOS存在的抑癌基因PTEN杂合性缺失,在PTCL-NOS发生、发展中可能起重要作用,是评估该肿瘤预后的重要指标。     

非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤的研究进展

非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤(peripheral T-eell lymphoma,not otherwise specified,非特殊型PTCL)是一组发生于淋巴结或结外部位、具有明显异质性的成熟T细胞淋巴瘤,是指目前分类所定义的各种独特类型PrrcL(独立病种)以外的那些外周T细胞淋巴瘤.该病在西方国家发病率较低,而在我国及其他亚洲国家发病率较高.多数患者治疗反应差,预后不良.     

非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤的研究进展

非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤(peripheral T-celllymphoma,not otherwise specified,PTCL)是一种发生在结内或结外异质性明显的成熟T细胞肿瘤.非特殊型PTCL属于一类排除性诊断,即除去包括NK/T细胞淋巴瘤、淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤、血管免疫母细胞T细胞淋巴瘤、鼻型、肠病型、肝脾T细胞淋巴瘤、皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤、蕈样霉菌病等特指的外周T细胞淋巴瘤以外的诊断类型,目前尚不能进一步分型.     

非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤的研究进展

非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤(peripheral T-celllymphoma,not otherwise specified,PTCL)是一种发生在结内或结外异质性明显的成熟T细胞肿瘤.非特殊型PTCL属于一类排除性诊断,即除去包括NK/T细胞淋巴瘤、淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤、血管免疫母细胞T细胞淋巴瘤、鼻型、肠病型、肝脾T细胞淋巴瘤、皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤、蕈样霉菌病等特指的外周T细胞淋巴瘤以外的诊断类型,目前尚不能进一步分型.     

非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤的研究进展

非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤(peripheral T-celllymphoma,not otherwise specified,PTCL)是一种发生在结内或结外异质性明显的成熟T细胞肿瘤.非特殊型PTCL属于一类排除性诊断,即除去包括NK/T细胞淋巴瘤、淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤、血管免疫母细胞T细胞淋巴瘤、鼻型、肠病型、肝脾T细胞淋巴瘤、皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤、蕈样霉菌病等特指的外周T细胞淋巴瘤以外的诊断类型,目前尚不能进一步分型.     

Peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: the stuff of genes, dreams and therapies

Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL) account for about 12% of lymphoid tumours worldwide. Almost half show such morphological and molecular variability as to hamper any further classification, and to justify their inclusion in a waste-basket category termed "not otherwise specified (NOS)". The latter term is used for neoplasms with aggressive presentation, poor response to therapy and dismal prognosis. In contrast to B cell lymphomas, PTCL have been the subject of only a limited number of studies to elucidate their pathobiology and identify novel pharmacological approaches. Herewith, the authors revise the most recent contributions on the subject based on the experience they have gained in the extensive application of microarray technologies. PTCL/NOS are characterised by erratic expression of T cell associated antigens, including CD4 and CD52, which have recently been proposed as targets for ad hoc immunotherapies. PTCL/NOS also show variable Ki-67 marking, with rates >80% heralding a worse prognosis. Gene expression profiling studies have revealed that PTCL/NOS derive from activated T lymphocytes, more often of the CD4+ type, and bear a signature composed of 155 genes and related products that play a pivotal role in cell signalling transduction, proliferation, apoptosis and matrix remodelling. This observation seems to pave the way for the use of innovative drugs such as tyrosine kinase and histone deacetylase inhibitors whose efficacy has been proven in PTCL primary cell cultures. Gene expression profiling also allows better distinction of PTCL/NOS from angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma, the latter being characterised by follicular T helper lymphocyte derivation and CXCL13, PD1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression.     

小细胞性非特指外周T细胞淋巴瘤病理形态和免疫表型分析

目的 探讨小细胞性非特指外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL,NOS)的临床病理与免疫表型及其病理诊断和鉴别诊断.方法 对5例小细胞性PTCL,NOS进行临床病理回顾性研究和随访,免疫表型检测(SP和EnVision法),以及EBER原位杂交和T细胞受体(TCR)基因重排分析.结果 5例均为男性,平均年龄52.6岁.中位病程1个月.5例中3例为临床Ⅳ期,2例为临床Ⅲ期.4例有全身浅表淋巴结及脾脏肿大,1例有肝肿大.2例有浆膜腔积液.行骨髓检查的4例中,3例有肿瘤累及.1例有外周血自细胞总数和淋巴细胞分类计数升高.主要病理改变为淋巴结结构的破坏和单一形态的小淋巴细胞弥漫性浸润,4例可见少数大的异形细胞散在分布,2例见小血管增生现象.5例之肿瘤细胞均表达两种以上T细胞分化抗原和CD43,表达CD99(3/4),均不表达CD20、末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶、CD56和粒酶B.Ki-67指数为5%-15%.4例行TCR基因重排分析,均存在TCRy基因克隆性重排,1例检出TCRβ基因克隆性重排.EBER原位杂交检测均为阴性.获得3例随访资料,且患者均死亡,平均生存时间21.7个月.结论 小细胞性PTCL,NOS少见,呈高临床分期,预后差,组织形态表现为惰性淋巴瘤.     

发生于非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤后的EB病毒阳性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤一例

患者女,70岁.因自觉右耳后肿块3个月、持续低热1个多月于2008年7月入院.起病以来,患者纳差、乏力,体重明显减轻.体检:全身浅表淋巴结肿大.CT示双侧颈部、耳后、腋下、纵隔、腹股沟可触及多发肿大的淋巴结.实验室检查:红细胞3.38×1012/L,血小板计数96×109/L.骨髓涂片:骨髓增生活跃,粒系增生活跃,嗜酸细胞比例增高.取右腋下淋巴结活检.     

发生于非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤后的EB病毒阳性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤一例

患者女,70岁.因自觉右耳后肿块3个月、持续低热1个多月于2008年7月入院.起病以来,患者纳差、乏力,体重明显减轻.体检:全身浅表淋巴结肿大.CT示双侧颈部、耳后、腋下、纵隔、腹股沟可触及多发肿大的淋巴结.实验室检查:红细胞3.38×1012/L,血小板计数96×109/L.骨髓涂片:骨髓增生活跃,粒系增生活跃,嗜酸细胞比例增高.取右腋下淋巴结活检.     

发生于非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤后的EB病毒阳性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤一例

患者女,70岁.因自觉右耳后肿块3个月、持续低热1个多月于2008年7月入院.起病以来,患者纳差、乏力,体重明显减轻.体检:全身浅表淋巴结肿大.CT示双侧颈部、耳后、腋下、纵隔、腹股沟可触及多发肿大的淋巴结.实验室检查:红细胞3.38×1012/L,血小板计数96×109/L.骨髓涂片:骨髓增生活跃,粒系增生活跃,嗜酸细胞比例增高.取右腋下淋巴结活检.     

Peripheral T cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified with myelofibrosis: report of a case with review of the literature

A 68-year-old man presented to us with pancytopenia, erythroderma, and multiple lymphadenopathies. Lymph node biopsy led to the diagnosis of peripheral T-Cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Immunostaining of the lymph node biopsy specimens for cytokines revealed that the tumor cells were positive for plated-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Bone marrow biopsy revealed infiltration by the PTCL-NOS and myelofibrosis (MF). Bone marrow blood was negative for JAK-2V617F. Bone marrow immunostaining for cytokines showed that the tumor cells were positive for PDGF, b-FGF, VEGF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, and TGF-β. The patient was initiated on treatment, and after the first course of CHOP therapy, the bone marrow infiltration by the PTCL-NOS and MF improved. Repeat immunostaining of bone marrow biopsy specimens for cytokines showed that the tumor cells had become negative for PDGF, VEGF, TNF-α and TGF-β. However, after the second course of CHOP therapy, the bone marrow infiltration by the PTCL-NOS and MF worsened. Immunostaining of bone marrow specimens for cytokines again revealed positive staining results of the tumor cells for PDGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β. At the completion of the first course of treatment, the infiltration by the PTCL-NOS improved, but not the pancytopenia.     

CXCL13、CD10和bcl-6在血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断中的作用

目的 探讨CXCL13、CD10、bcl-6等标志物在血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤(AITL)的诊断和鉴别诊断中的作用.方法 对四川大学华西医院病理科1990年1月至2008年1月诊断的115例AITL、30例非特指外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL,NOS)和30例以副皮质区增生为主的反应性增生(RH)进行回顾性分析.按2008版WHO关于淋巴造血组织肿瘤分类进行组织学分型,采用9种抗原标志物的免疫组织化学(SP法)染色及TCR-γ基因重排检测.结果 (1)7.8%(9/115)的AITL、6.7%(2/30)的PTCL,NOS和83.3%(25/30)的RH病例观察到生发中心;98.3%(113/115)的AITL、63.3%(19/30)的FTCL,NOS和76.7%(23/30)的RH病例观察到显著血管增生.(2)CXCL13、CD10、bcl-6在RH病例的表达局限在生发中心,在AITL的表达率分别为96.5%(111/115)、50.4%(58/115)和78.3%(90/115),在PTCL,NOS的表达率分别为26.7%(8/30)、3.3%(1/30)和3.3%(1/30),以上三个标记在两种淋巴瘤的表达率差异均具有统计学意义.115例AITL病例均见到滤泡外不规则分布的CD21阳性的滤泡树突状细胞网(FDC).TCR-γ基因克隆性重排在AITL中检出率为83%(83/100).结论 AITL是一种来源于生发中心辅助性T细胞(TFH)的高度侵袭性肿瘤,CXCL13、CD10、bcl-6是AITL诊断和鉴别诊断有用标志物.     

非特指性外周T细胞淋巴瘤中EBER、 LMP1的表达及与预后的关系

目的 探讨非特指性外周T细胞淋巴瘤(peripheral T-cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified,PTCL-NOS)中EBER、LMP1的表达及与患者预后的关系.方法 采用原位分子杂交(in situ hybridization,ISH)技术和免疫组化法分别检测81例PTCL-NOS及59例对照组[48例血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤(angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma,AITL)和11例结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma,ENK/TCL)]中EBER和LMP1的表达,并分析EBER表达与PTCL-NOS患者临床病理特征及预后的关系.结果 (1)81例PTCL-NOS中,EBER阳性率为43.2％ (35/81);35例EBER阳性的PTCL-NOS病例中免疫组化得分1分+2分者共29例,占EBER阳性病例的82.9％(29/35),3分+4分者共6例,占17.1％ (6/35).EBER表达与PTCL-NOS患者年龄、性别、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平及临床分期均无明显相关性(P＞0.05).(2)81例PTCL-NOS组织中,LMP1蛋白阳性率为22.2％(18/81).LMP1蛋白表达与EBER表达具有一致性,但EBER阳性率明显高于LMP1 (P ＜0.05).(3)33例PTCL-NOS获得临床随访资料,随访时间1～63个月,中位生存期为23个月,总生存率为33.3％(11/33).Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,EBER阳性组的生存率明显低于EBER阴性组(P＜0.05).结论 EB病毒(EBV)感染可能是PTCL-NOS发生、发展中重要但非根本性的因素.EBER-ISH检测EBV感染具有较高的敏感性和特异性.EBV感染对PTCL-NOS患者的预后判断具有重要意义.     

卵巢非特异性类固醇细胞瘤临床病理分析

目的探讨卵巢非特异性类固醇细胞瘤的临床、病理学特征以及诊断、治疗。方法对8例卵巢非特异性类固醇细胞瘤进行HE和免疫组织化学（EliVision法）染色及特殊染色,结合临床资料和文献进行分析。结果7例良性非特异性类固醇肿瘤,肿瘤主要由两种细胞构成：一种为多角形细胞,胞质含小颗粒或嗜酸性;一种为胞质含空泡的较大细胞。细胞排列成巢或条索状,似肾上腺球状带和束状带。1例恶性非特异性类固醇肿瘤,细胞呈明显异型性,核分裂象7／10 HPF,伴出血、坏死。免疫组织化学显示：肿瘤细胞胞质内钙结合蛋白和α-抑制素普遍阳性表达。诊断非特异性类固醇细胞瘤需与广泛黄素化的颗粒细胞瘤、卵泡膜细胞瘤、富于脂质的支持细胞瘤和嗜酸型透明细胞癌等相鉴别。良性肿瘤治疗一般为肿瘤切除或加患侧附件切除术;恶性肿瘤行肿瘤加附件切除,辅以化疗或促性腺激素激动剂治疗。结论非特异性类固醇细胞瘤是类固醇细胞肿瘤中最常见的类型,良性多见;免疫组织化学可辅助肿瘤诊断;治疗方法主要取决于肿瘤的良恶性。     

Preinvasive intraductal neoplasia in salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified

Preinvasive intraductal neoplasia of the salivary glands has only been identified in the rare salivary-duct carcinoma, whereas, it is an established feature of carcinomas of other glands. A fortuitous observation of what appeared to be intraductal tumor in a salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, led to the present investigation to determine whether intraductal neoplasia is a significant feature of this carcinoma. Intraductal tumor confined by normal CK14-positive, actin-negative ductal basal cells was identified in 15 of 22 cases (68%). The degree of cellular atypia and the pattern of growth of intraductal tumor was similar to that of the invasive tumor. Cases with intraductal tumor devoid of invasive tumor were not found. Intraductal tumor is identified as the pre-invasive precursor of adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, and apparently develops in excretory ducts. The findings support the possibility that different salivary tumors arise from different types of parenchymal cell. Possibly intraductal neoplasia is a universal feature of many types of salivary tumor, but has been overlooked because of the need to use immunohistology to demonstrate it and because it may no longer be present as such when the tumor presents as a clinical lesion.