外伤性桡神经损伤56例回顾与分析

目的总结外伤性桡神经损伤的临床特点和治疗经验。方法对56例外伤性桡神经损伤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。15例为上肢骨折合并桡神经损伤。其中肱骨中段骨折9例,肱骨髁上骨折4例,尺桡骨骨折2例;15例桡神经深支损伤,其中刀砍伤12例,尺桡骨骨折2例,机器绞伤1例。手术采用神经端端缝合术(外膜、束膜缝合)、神经内外松解术、神经移植术3种方法修复。结果56例术后随访1￣4年,平均1年8个月。按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定,优良率达94.6%。结论早期手术及系统的康复训练,能够增进桡神经功能恢复。     

肱骨及桡骨近端骨折合并桡神经损伤的治疗

由于桡神经与上肢肱骨及桡骨近端解剖关系密切，肱骨及桡骨近端骨折脱位均易造成桡神经损伤，作对以往处理上肢骨折合并桡神经损伤患进行随访，有完整术前和术后结果７７例，其中７１例结果满意，作通过随访７７例患中得出结论，对肱骨骨折伴有桡神经完全瘫痪的患，早期手术探查是治疗关键。     

肱骨及桡骨近端骨折合并桡神经损伤的治疗（附77例报道）

由于桡神经与上肢肱骨及桡骨近端解剖关系密切，肱骨及桡骨近端骨折脱位均易造成桡神经损伤．作者对以往处理上肢骨折合并桡神经损伤患者进行随访，有完整术前和术后结果者７７例，其中７１例结果满意．作者通过随访７７例患者中得出结论，对肱骨骨折伴有桡神经完全瘫痪的患者，早期手术探查是治疗关键．     

儿童肱骨骨折合并桡神经损伤44例处理报告

本文报告了44例儿童肱骨不同部位骨折合并桡神经损伤的临床资料并讨论了损伤机理和治疗问题．全组肱骨中下段骨折7例，肱骨髁上骨折35例，肱骨外髁骨折2例．采用手法复位、石膏固定或牵引治疗14例，行神经松解术21例．神经吻合术8例，肌腱转移术1例．24例随访2月至26年（平均4年7个月），优良率为的95.8％，伤后6月内得到处理者功能恢复比较满意．桡神经走行与肱骨关系密切，故肱骨骨折易合并桡神经损伤．对开放性损伤或肱骨干中下段骨折明显移位合并的桡神经损伤应尽快手术治疗，非手术治疗观察1月－3月神经功能无恢复者应考虑手术．如系粘连、压迫所致，行神经松解术，如已完全离断，行对端外膜缝合术．     

肱骨中下段骨折伴桡神经损伤的治疗

目的探讨肱骨中下段骨折伴桡神经损伤的病因及治疗。方法肱骨中下段骨折伴桡神经损伤26例,其中医源性桡神经损伤3例。所有病例均行切开复位内固定治疗,术中见神经完全断裂6例,挫伤16例,瘢痕挤压2例,骨折断端嵌压2例。行桡神经瘢痕粘连松解2例,神经外膜对端间断缝合23例。前臂外侧皮神经移植修复神经缺损1例。结果骨折均于8～12周愈合。桡神经损伤随访1～24个月,优19例,良6例,差1例,优良率96.2%。结论桡神经损伤后手术宜早不宜迟,及时解除功能受压,手术吻合断裂的神经能促使桡神经的恢复。     

46例桡骨远端骨折及相关腕部创伤的临床治疗体会

目的:探讨桡骨远端骨折并腕部尺神经损伤的临床治疗方法及其疗效.方法:对2009 年3 月～2010 年7 月期间我科室46 例桡骨远端骨折并腕部尺神经损伤的患者行尺神经松解术,通过术后随访调查,分析患者的临床手术治疗效果.结果:手术之后对46 例桡骨远端骨折并腕部尺神经损伤患者进行为期半年至1 年的随访调查结果显示,20 例新鲜骨折患者上肢功能评定均为优,为100.00%;26 例陈旧骨折患者中,21 例评定为优,约为80.77%;4 例评定为良,约为15.38%;1 例评定为可,约为3.85%.结论:尺神经松解手术对于桡骨远端骨折并腕部尺神经损伤、存在腕尺管综合征患者有着良好的临床治疗效果,确诊后要及时采取尺神经松解术,以此缓解患者的临床症状,提高患者的手术治疗效果,改善患者的预后生活质量.     

手术致桡神经损伤5例分析

桡神经损伤是较为多见的神经损伤．自1986年8月～1996年12月在临床上共遇见5例手术致桡神经损伤,现结合解剖分所如下：1临床资料本组男3例．女2例：年龄21～53岁,平均35岁。损伤原因:①1例为基层医院行上臂肿块切除时．损伤桡神经干,后在我院行神经吻合术。②l例为肱骨干骨折术后取钢板时损伤桡神经。③1例为肱骨干骨折行多功能外固定支架时损伤桡神经干、④1例为基层医院在肱骨髁上骨折术后取钢板时损伤桡神经、⑤1例为桡骨上段骨折术后取钢板时损伤桡神经深支。2讨论手术致桡神经损伤在临床上并不少见。国内林其仁[1]等报告占医源性神经…     

肱骨干骨折的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨肱骨干骨折的诊断和治疗方法.方法 116例肱骨干骨折患者,行切开复位手术88例,保守治疗28例,出现桡神经损伤4例(3.4%).其中2例给予单纯松解术,1例端端吻合,1例保守治疗.结果 术后随访3-15个月,4例桡神经损伤者3例伸腕伸指完全恢复,1例不完全恢复.结论 肱骨干骨折围手术期均可出现桡神经损伤,及时探查,功能恢复好,提倡早期手术探查.     

儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折伴桡神经损伤的外科治疗

目的探讨儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折伴桡神经损伤的临床特点及手术治疗效果。方法对25例GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折伴桡神经损伤的患儿采用肘前外侧切口,骨折断端切开复位并行神经探查术。结果例患者均顺利完成手术,均获得随访,平均随访14个月。根据桡神经功能评定标准,优19例,良4例,可2例。25例骨折于术后12周行X线检查,均示骨性愈合;2例肘关节屈曲受限20°～30°,1例轻度肘内翻（P〈5°）。结论儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤的患者采用手术治疗不仅有利于骨折断端达到解剖复位,而且可以避免因保守治疗使神经损伤加重或延误治疗时机。     

肱骨干骨折合并桡神经损伤56例一期切开复位内固定手术治疗临床分析

目的：探讨肱骨干骨折合并桡神经一期切开内固定手术治疗的临床特征。方法：对56例创伤性肱骨干骨折合并桡神经损伤的患者，酌情行一期切开复位钢板内固定手术或髓内针内固定术治疗，同时桡神经均给予一期探查，并根据损伤情况给予相应的适当处理。经临床观察和随访预后的回顾性分析。结果：所有患者院内观察，术后2周切口均1期愈合。术后3周骨折开始临床愈合，3个月除去石膏托，开始练习肘关节伸屈活动。术后3个月桡神经均有不同程度的恢复。随访1年，均有满意效果。均在骨折愈合后6-9个月取出内固定物。结论：关于伴有桡神经损伤的肱骨干骨折，采用尽早切开复位内固定术同期给予桡神经探查的治疗，效果明确。可缩短创伤愈合时间，有利于神经创伤恢复，避免远期功能障碍及二期缝合术。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.