rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中20例

静脉溶栓是缺血性脑卒中最重要的治疗手段,发病4.5 h内静脉使用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)已被证实能改善患者的远期预后,每治疗100例患者有32例获益。在经过筛选的急性缺血性脑卒中患者中,出现局灶性神经系统症状后4.5 h之内静脉应用rt-PA效果很显著。医学理论和临     

老年ACI患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后的临床效果及预后影响因素

目的 分析急性脑梗死(ACI)老年患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗的临床效果及预后影响因素.方法 选取接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的112例老年ACI患者;查阅电子病历统计其一般资料、入院时相关基线资料,记录rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗疗效、90 d预后,Logistic回归分析预后影响因素.结果 rt-...     

静脉溶栓治疗后磁共振弥散加权成像阴性的急性缺血性脑卒中患者临床特点

目的探讨经重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗后磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)阴性的急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床特点、影像学表现。方法回顾性分析本院神经内科急诊绿色通道就诊的经rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后DWI阴性的疑似急性缺血性脑卒中患者,收集其人口学特征、临床表现、头颅MRI-DWI表现等,进行临床分析。结果符合入组条件的患者共48例。从发病至溶栓治疗开始中位数时间为153分钟。从发病至头颅MRI-DWI检查的中位数时间为46小时。中位数美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke,NIHSS)评分为2分。48例患者中,有5例(10. 42%)患者最终诊断为其它疾病,剩余43例患者中,17例(35. 42%)经多学科查房后发现病灶; 11例(22. 92%)患者症状持续大于1小时但小于24小时完全缓解,诊断为影像阴性的脑梗死; 6例(12. 50%)在第2次复查DWI时出现病灶; 4例(8. 33%)患者症状持续存在,有可以解释症状的MRA大血管闭塞/狭窄; 5例(10. 42%)症状持续存在的患者复查DWI阴性且MRA未见明显异常。所有患者静脉溶栓治疗过程顺利,无出血情况。最终诊断为缺血性脑卒中的43例患者,除1例患者出院时存在明显残疾(改良Rankin评分=4分)外,其余患者出院时结局良好(改良Rankin评分=0～2分)。结论溶栓治疗后DWI阴性的急性缺血性脑卒中,多数为小卒中,溶栓效果良好且安全性好,后循环小卒中影像诊断容易漏诊。     

高龄急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓后出血性转化列线图预测模型的建立与评估

目的:构建高龄急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)病人重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗后发生出血性转化(HT)的列线图预测模型,并对该预测模型进行评估。方法:回顾性分析邢台市人民医院2019年5月—2022年6月收治的165例行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的高龄AIS病人(年龄≥75岁),根据rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后脑CT复查病人是否发生HT分为非HT组(129例)和HT组(36例)。通过单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析高龄AIS病人rt-PA静脉溶栓后发生HT的影响因素;构建高龄AIS病人rt-PA静脉溶栓后发生HT的列线图预测模型,分别采用H-L拟合度曲线、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估其有效性、区分度。结果:HT组病人糖尿病史比例、心房颤动史比例、发病至溶栓时间、入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分均明显高于非HT组(P<0.05);糖尿病史、心房颤动史、发病至溶栓时间、入院时NIHSS评分均为高龄AIS病人rt-PA静脉溶栓后发生HT的独立危险因素(P<0.05);H-L拟合优度检验显示,χ²=7.977,P=0.436...     

rt-PA早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死15例

脑梗死最重要的治疗措施是尽早再通堵塞血管,挽救缺血半暗带,从而改善临床预后[1].1995年美国国立神经病和卒中研究所重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)卒中研究组首次报道,对于发病后3 h时间窗内脑梗死患者给予静脉rt-PA(总量小于90 mg)溶栓治疗,能够减轻神经功能缺损症状[2].     

依达拉奉右莰醇在高龄中重度急性缺血性脑卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗中的应用时机

目的 探讨依达拉奉右莰醇在高龄中重度急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗中的应用时机。方法 选择rt-PA静脉溶栓救治的221例高龄中重度AIS患者,随机分为对照组70例、早期组75例、晚期组76例。对照组接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,早期组在rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗启动后即刻给予依达拉奉右莰醇治疗,晚期组在rt-PA静脉溶栓24 h后给予依达拉奉右莰醇治疗。于治疗7 d时采用NIHSS评分评价神经功能改善情况,治疗90 d时采用mRS评分评价预后情况,比较三组短期疗效和长期疗效;观察24 h症状性颅内出血发生率、14 d颅外系统性并发症发生率和90 d病死率,比较三组治疗安全性。结果 三组7 d神经功能改善率、90 d预后良好率比较,早期组和晚期组均高于对照组,且早期组高于晚期组（P均<0.05）。三组24 h症状性颅内出血发生率、14 d颅外系统性并发症发生率比较,早期组低于晚期组和对照组（P均<0.05）,晚期组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。三组90 d病死率比较,早期组和晚期组均低于对照组,且早期组低于晚期组...     

心房颤动对急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗后神经功能和预后的影响研究

目的探讨心房颤动对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者静脉溶栓治疗后神经功能和预后的影响。方法选取2015年3月—2016年3月大连市第三人民医院收治的AIS患者106例,根据心电图检查结果分为A组(合并心房颤动,n=51)与B组(未合并心房颤动,n=55);根据发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间将A组患者分为A1组(发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间<3.0 h,n=24)与A2组(发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间介于3.0~4.5 h,n=27),将B组患者分为B1组(发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间<3.0 h,n=26)与B2组(发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间介于3.0~4.5 h,n=29)。所有患者予以重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗。比较A组与B组、A1组与B1组、A2组与B2组患者治疗前和治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,随访3个月改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,治疗期间并发症发生情况。结果治疗前和治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d A组与B组患者NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访3个月A组患者mRS评分高于B组(P<0.05);治疗期间A组患者出血性转化发生率高于B组(P<0.05),而A组与B组患者症状性颅内出血发生率和病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前和治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d A1组与B1组患者NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访3个月A1组患者mRS评分高于B1组(P<0.05);治疗期间A1组与B1组患者出血性转化、症状性颅内出血发生率和病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前和治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d A2组与B2组患者NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访3个月A2组患者mRS评分高于B2组(P<0.05);治疗期间A2组患者出血性转化发生率高于B2组(P<0.05),而A2组与B2组患者症状性颅内出血发生率和病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论心房颤动对AIS患者静脉溶栓治疗后神经功能无明显影响,但对远期预后有影响,且AIS合并心房颤动患者发病3.0h内行静脉溶栓治疗并未增加出血性转化发生风险,而发病3.0~4.5 h行静脉溶栓治疗则出血性转化发生风险增加。     

早期静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效

急性缺血性脑卒中最重要的治疗措施是尽早再通堵塞血管,挽救缺血半暗带,恢复梗死区的血液供应,防止缺血脑组织发生不可逆性损伤.由于脑组织对缺血耐受性差,缺血数分钟即开始发生不可逆损害,故溶栓治疗的药物和时机是影响疗效的关键[1,2].本研究选择发病后4.5h时间窗内急性缺血性脑卒中患者,分别给予重组型组织纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)、尿激酶(urokinase,UK)静脉溶栓或常规治疗,分析其临床疗效.     

后交通动脉类型与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓早期疗效的相关性

目的探讨后交通动脉(PCoA)类型及开放与否与急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者经重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗后早期疗效的相关性。方法经rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者67例,筛选出43例。CT血管成像(CTA)或头部核磁共振血管显像(MRA)作为评估PCoA是否开放的标准,静脉溶栓后14 d美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分作为疗效评价。结果 PCoA开放的AIS患者静脉溶栓治疗后14 d NIHSS评分明显低于未开放者(P0.05)。结论 PCoA开放的AIS患者经rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗较未开放患者早期疗效明显改善。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后预后的影响因素及其风险预测列线图模型构建并网络计算器开发

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗后预后的影响因素,构建其风险预测列线图模型并进行验证,同时开发网络计算器。方法 选取2021年1月—2023年6月在皖南医学院附属池州医院行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者192例为研究对象。收集患者临床资料,对患者随访3个月,根据改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分将患者预后分为预后良好（mRS评分0～2分）及预后不良（mRS评分3～6分）。构建血小板指数评分（PIS）;采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨AIS患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后预后的影响因素;采用regplot包构建AIS患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后预后不良的风险预测列线图模型;采用Bootstrap法重复抽样1 000次进行内部验证,计算一致性指数;采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验和校准曲线评价该列线图模型的拟合程度,采用ROC曲线分析该列线图模型对AIS患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后预后不良的预测价值,采用决策曲线评价该列线图模型的临床有效性;使用DynNom包将列线图模型发布至网络中并开发网络计算器。结果 192...     

rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 69例发病在4.5小时内具有溶栓指征的急性脑梗死患者,其中观察组37例行rt-PA静脉溶栓,对照组32例行常规抗血小板治疗。以美国国立卫生院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分评定溶栓后临床疗效,以Barthel指数（BI）评分及改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分判断治疗后90d生活质量及预后。结果观察组治疗后2h、24h、7d NIHSS评分显著低于对照组[（9.23±3.51）vs（11.32±1.12）,（6.72±2.31）vs（9.24±2.53）,（4.23±2.12）vs（7.34±1.43）],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗后90天BI评分观察组显著高于对照组[（78.56±3.51）vs（61.30±4.13）],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗后90天mRS评分疗效良好率观察组显著高于对照组[67.56%（25/37）vs 34.38%（11/32）],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。观察组24h脑出血率及死亡率高于对照组[16.21%（6/37）vs 9.37%（3/32）],但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论时间窗内rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死近、远期疗效均较常规抗血小板治疗显著。     

急性缺血性卒中的溶栓治疗

急性缺血性卒中的溶栓治疗是目前医学研究的热点。近年来的研究表明,溶栓治疗的时间窗应个体化。新的影像学技术有助于判断缺血半暗带和选择适合溶栓的病例。溶栓治疗的方法包括静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓和动静脉联合溶栓。影响溶栓疗效的因素包括从发病到开始溶栓治疗的时间、患者基础状况、溶栓药和联合用药、入选和治疗标准的执行情况以及是否在卒中单元内监护。     

急性缺血性卒中的动脉内溶栓治疗

近年来,多中心研究证实动脉内溶栓是治疗急性脑梗死的有效方法。文章对动脉内溶栓治疗的时间窗、治疗前评价、病例和药物选择等研究现状做了综述。     

急性缺血性卒中的溶栓治疗进展

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓是目前惟一一种证实有效的治疗急性缺血性卒中的药物。在许多情况下,费用低廉的尿激酶不失为一种较好的选择。虽然溶栓治疗日趋成熟,但一些问题仍需进一步探讨,如新的溶栓药物用于发病3h以上的急性缺血性卒中患者、评价各种新的再灌注方法、静脉和动脉内药物溶栓联合应用、溶栓和新型抗小板药的联合应用,以及应用机械装置或经颅多普勒超声促进药物溶栓的作用等等。     

急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓药物研究进展

急性缺血性脑卒中是我国中老年人群的常见病及多发病,发病率、死亡率、致残率均较高。溶栓治疗被认为是目前最重要的恢复血流措施,近年来研究者对溶栓药物及其临床应用已进行了大量研究,本文就溶栓药物及其临床应用进展作一综述。     

Clinical Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Microbleeds After Thrombolytic Therapy: A Meta-Analysis

It remains unclear whether preexisting cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) increase the risks of worse functional outcome after thrombolytic therapy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of unfavorable outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke and CMBs.We searched EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science for relevant studies assessing functional outcome in the patients with CMBs following thrombolytic therapy. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were performed.Five eligible studies including 1974 patients were pooled in meta-analysis. The prevalence of CMBs was 24.3%. The pooled analysis demonstrates odds ratio for preexisting CMBs and the achievement of favorable outcome to be 0.69 (95% CI 0.56–0.86; P = 0.001) with no evidence of statistical heterogeneity (I² = 46.7%, P = 0.112).Our meta-analysis of available published data demonstrates an increased risk of worse functional outcome after thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke in patients with pre-existing CMBs. Future studies are needed to determine whether the risk outweigh the expected benefit of reperfusion therapies.     

Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy for Ischemic Stroke

Anthithrombotic therapy is widely used as primary and secondary preventative treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Aspirin modestly reduces the risk for subsequent ischemic stroke after a transient ischemic attack or initial stroke. Adding dipyridamole may enhance this benefit. Ticlopidine confers a small additional benefit, but with more side effects and cost. The best dose of aspirin remains unsettled, but recent studies support the concept of very early initiation of treatment. Intravenous and subcutaneous heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin is not recommended because of enhanced bleeding side effects, unless venous thrombosis in debilitated patients is a concern. Thrombolytic therapy with rt-PA was recently demonstrated to improve outcome in ischemic stroke patients treated within 3 hours of onset. However, the risk-benefit ratio is narrow because of the substantial risk for intracerebral hemorrhage with rt-PA. An enhanced ability to identify patients at risk for bleeding and newer thrombolytic drugs may expand the utility of this therapy, as would extending the time window beyond the current 3-hour period. Clinicians should anticipate continued advances in the fields of antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke over the next few years.     

Efficacy of Thrombolytic (rt-PA) Therapy in Old Stroke Patients: The Perugia Stroke Unit Experience

The use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) administered within 3 hrs from symptom onset is beneficial in selected patients independent of age; although oldest patients (≥80 years) are excluded a priori. We report an experience relative to rt-PA treatment in the oldest patients including outcome at 3 months. Data were from the hospital-based Perugia Stroke Registry. Seventy-two consecutive acute stroke patients, fulfilling NINDS and EUSI-criteria were treated with rt-PA Of these 23 patients (30.5%) were ≥80 years. The median and mean age were, respectively, 72.5 and 71.1 ± 12.7 years (range 35–94). The proportion of favorable outcome at 3-months did not differ between groups (55% elderly versus 51.1% of younger patients). Proportions of unfavorable outcome and death from baseline were similar in both groups of patients. Age did not influence prognosis in patients treated with rt-PA. The oldest stroke patients should not be excluded from rt-PA treatment on the basis of age per se.     

Renal Dysfunction and Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Renal dysfunction is a prevalent comorbidity in acute ischemic stroke patients requiring thrombolytic therapy. However, the effect of renal dysfunction on the clinical outcome of this population remains controversial.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke patients with renal dysfunction using a meta-analysis.We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies that evaluated the relationship between renal dysfunction and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≥2), mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and any ICH were analyzed.Fourteen studies were included (N = 53,553 patients). The mean age ranged from 66 to 75 years. The proportion of male participants was 49% to 74%. The proportion of renal dysfunction varied from 21.9% to 83% according to different definitions. Based on 9 studies with a total of 7796 patients, the meta-analysis did not identify a significant difference in the odds of poor outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1.16; I² = 44.5) between patients with renal dysfunction and those without renal dysfunction. Patients with renal dysfunction were more likely to die after intravenous thrombolysis (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05–1.21; I² = 70.3). No association was observed between symptomatic ICH (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.94–1.10; I² = 0) and any ICH (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.96–1.18; I² = 25.8).Renal dysfunction does not increase the risk of poor outcome and ICH after stroke thrombolysis. Renal dysfunction should not be a contraindication for administration of intravenous thrombolysis to eligible patients.