单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全中期疗效分析

目的:比较冠心病合并中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全(IMR)患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)和CABG+二尖瓣成形(MVP)两种手术方法的中期临床疗效。方法:根据入排标准选取2013年1月至2018年11月,于行外科手术治疗的冠心病合并中度IMR患者125例,随访时间12个月,根据手术方式分为CABG组和CABG+MVP组,比较两组术后并发症、呼吸机使用时间、ICU时间、住院时间、在院病死率、术前、术后及随访时EF、LVEDD、二尖瓣反流面积、随访期病死率、MACCE事件发生率等指标。结果:两组患者基线资料,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),乳内动脉使用率(69.9%vs. 57.1%,P0.05)、旁路移植支数[(3.05±0.66)vs.(2.95±0.59)支,P0.05]、悬红[(1.73±2.77)vs.(2.57±4.48)U,P0.05]、血浆[(139.7±300.8)vs.(190±375.63)mL,P0.05]、血小板[(0.31±1.31)vs.(0.24±0.7)U,P0.05]使用量上差异无统计学意义,但CABG+MVP组手术时间明显高于CABG组[(348±87.1)vs.(236.79±65.3)min,P0.001]。两组在院病死率差异无统计学意义(3.6%vs. 9.5%,P0.05)。但CABG组IABP使用率(15.7%vs. 33.3%,P0.05)、呼吸机使用时间[26.0(21.0,52.0)vs. 46(24.3,70.5)h,P0.05],ICU滞留时间[42.0(23.2,65.9)vs. 63.4(44.3,118.8)h,P0.05]、术后心房颤动(0 vs. 14.3%,P0.05)、二次开胸(1.2%vs. 9.5%,P0.05)、术后肾衰竭(1.2%vs. 9.5%,P0.05)、低心排发生率(3.6%vs. 19%,P0.05)、总住院时间[(11.1±4.3)vs.(13.8±6.6)d,P0.05]均低于CABG+MVP组。两组随访MACCE事件发生率(6.25%vs. 5.26%,P0.05)、病死率(6.25%vs. 5.3%,P0.05)差异无统计学意义。除去死亡病例,对比两组超声结果发现,两组患者术后EF [(52.2±8.8)%vs.(50±9.8)%,P0.05]、术后LVEDD [(49.7±6.1)vs.(49.8±6.3)mm,P0.05]、术后二尖瓣反流面积[1.7(0,2.7)vs. 0.6(0,2.4)cm~2,P0.05]、随访EF [(56±8.8)%vs.(52.8±9.1)%,P0.05]、随访LVEDD [(49.8±5.6)vs.(50.9±5.6)mm,P0.05]差异无统计学意义,但1年期随访二尖瓣反流面积CABG+MVP组明显少于CABG组[2.4(1.3,3.6)vs. 0.8(0.4,2.2)cm~2,P0.05]。结论:冠心病合并中度IMR患者行OPCABG治疗术后并发症少,中期疗效满意,或可作为此类患者一种可选的手术策略。     

冠状动脉移植联合二尖瓣手术治疗缺血性二尖瓣轻-中度反流近远期疗效的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析,探讨单独冠状动脉移植术(CABG)或者联合二尖瓣手术(CABG+MVS)这两种术式对缺血性二尖瓣轻-中度反流的临床疗效。方法:通过检索PUMED、Embase、Cochrane Library及中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)筛选与缺血性二尖瓣轻-中度反流外科处理有关的文献(CABG vs.CABG+MVS),进行Meta分析对比CABG与CABG+MVS的近期病死率及远期生存率有无差异。结果:共有8篇文献入选,8项研究总样本量为1 152,其中CABG组样本量为749,CABG+MVS组样本量为403。CABG组术后随访二尖瓣中度以上反流残留率明显高于CABG+MVS组(OR=5.58,95%CI:2.59!12.03);两组近期病死率及远期生存率均差异无统计学意义(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.46!1.67)及(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.63!1.33)。结论:CABG+MVS比单独CABG更能改善二尖瓣术后反流,但近期及远期生存率差异无统计学意义。     

胸腔镜辅助小切口在二尖瓣成形手术患者中的疗效与安全性△

目的探讨胸腔镜辅助小切口在二尖瓣成形手术中的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析高州市人民医院2013年2月至2017年10月106例二尖瓣狭窄患者的临床资料,依据患者手术方式分为胸腔镜辅助小切口组(A组)50例与常规开胸组(B组)56例;对比两组患者的手术指标、疼痛程度、并发症发生率、重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)监护时间、住院时间、超声心动图检查结果。结果 A组患者的手术时间[(242.58±27.64)min vs.(231.53±30.96)min,P0.05)]、主动脉阻断时间[(59.34±8.47)min vs.(57.28±6.66)min,P0.05)]、体外循环时间[(138.52±12.57)min vs.(136.01±11.13)min,P0.05)]长于B组患者,但两组比较差异无统计学意义。A组患者术后呼吸机辅助呼吸时间短于B组患者,但差异无统计学意义[(12.22±4.47)min vs.(13.31±5.26min),P0.05]。A组切口长度[(5.24±1.28)cm vs.(18.15±3.76)cm,P0.05]、术中输血量[(1.82±0.26)U vs.(3.21±1.34)U,P0.05]、术后胸腔引流量[(206.54±10.28)mL vs.(415.37±22.48)mL,P0.05]明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义。A组患者的疼痛评分[(3.18±0.94)分vs.(7.23±1.52)分,P0.05]、术后并发症发生率(8.0%vs. 37.50%,P0.05)明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义。A组患者ICU监护时间[(14.48±5.17)d vs.(22.26±6.23)d,P0.05]、术后住院时间[(8.31±2.46)d vs.(12.54±3.06)d,P0.05]明显短于B组患者,差异有统计学意义。A组患者的超声心动图检查结果与B组患者比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸腔镜辅助小切口在二尖瓣成形手术中疗效与常规开胸手术相当,安全可行,且该手术方式对患者创伤小,术后恢复较快,值得在临床推广应用。     

外科治疗冠心病合并缺血性二尖瓣反流的疗效及围术期并发症的影响因素分析

目的 探讨单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）或CABG+二尖瓣成形术（MVP）联合治疗冠心病合并缺血性二尖瓣反流（IMR）的疗效以及影响围术期并发症的相关因素。方法 收集2017年9月～2020年9月于郑州市第七人民医院心血管外科接受外科治疗的215例冠心病合并中度IMR患者的临床资料。根据手术方法不同分为CABG组（n=124）和CABG+MVP组（n=91）。记录并比较两组患者围手术期指标以及术后超声心动图检查项目包括左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDd、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESd）等。根据术后是否发生并发症或死亡,分为无并发症组（n=179）和并发症组（n=36）。记录并比较患者手术时间、是否行主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）辅助、移植血管数、平均远端吻合口、远端吻合口分布、ICU时间、机械通气时间、住院时间等围手术期指标。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析对影响患者围术期并发症的相关因素进行分析。结果 CABG+MVP组手术时间、住院时间、LVEF、LVESd均高于CABG组,二尖瓣反流面积低于CABG组（P<0.05）;CABG+MVP组死...     

缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科术式选择

缺血性二尖瓣反流(IMR)是冠状动脉缺血性疾病的常见并发症,发病机理与心肌梗死所致的继发性左心室扩张重构及二尖瓣瓣叶牵拉作用等多种因素有关,而二尖瓣瓣叶和瓣下结构并无结构性病理改变。随着冠状动脉缺血性疾病(CAD)的日益多发,有报道指出心肌梗死患者中高达40%的个案出现IMR。然而,IMR患者的长期预后普遍欠佳,资料显示即使患者出现轻度IMR,亦会增加其心血管事件死亡率,IMR患者的5年生存率仅62%,远逊于单纯CAD患者。因此,IMR的治疗已成为近年瓣膜病以及冠心病领域的焦点,吸引了大量临床研究对于IMR的病理生理学机制以及其治疗策略做出报道,并提出针对IMR治疗的多种不同外科手术策略。对于严重IMR患者,冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)同期行二尖瓣外科干预是目前研究得出较有效的治疗方案;而对于轻中度IMR的治疗,目前缺乏共识,手术方案需要基于患者的二尖瓣病变及基础疾病情况做出个体化的综合考虑。     

左房顶人路二尖瓣手术的临床应用

目的 探讨二尖瓣手术左房顶入路的可行性及安全性.方法 纳入2011年8月～2012年3月行二尖瓣手术患者46例,其中选取左房顶入路者纳入左房顶组（n=23）,其他入路（房间隔或房间沟入路）者纳入对照组（n=23）,比较两组患者手术视野显露程度和手术效果.结果 两组病例均一次手术成功,左房顶组二尖瓣显露满意（可显露二尖瓣全貌）占60.87%,一般显露（可显露二尖瓣大部分）占34.78%,均未在术中扩大切口或变更手术入路,左房顶组和对照组平均体外循环时间[（80±21）min vs.（86±27）min]、平均主动脉阻断时间[（50±14）min vs.（60±17）min]、术后平均住院时间[（11±4）d vs.（12±4）d]、术后24小时胸腔引流量[（311±63）ml vs.（276±78）ml]均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,两组院内和随访期间不良事件发生率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.结论 左房项入路行二尖瓣手术是一种较为安全可行的手术方式,近期效果切确,远期预后需进一步随访.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术复合二尖瓣手术治疗中度至重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的近期疗效分析

目的 比较冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)复合二尖瓣成形术(MVP)与二尖瓣置换术(MVR)治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)合并中-重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全(IMR)的近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月郑州大学第一附属医院心血管外科收治的80例CHD合并中-重度IMR患者的临床资料,根据二尖瓣...     

经皮冠状动脉介入术对冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者临床价值的研究

目的研究经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)慢性心力衰竭患者治疗的临床价值。方法入选2013年7月至2014年3月北京军区总医院心血管病研究所住院的资料完整心力衰竭患者66例,其中男性51例,女性15例。按照血运重建方式分为PCI组(n=35)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)组(31例)。比较两组术前及术后6个月的左室射血分数(LVEF)及NYHA心功能分级、6分钟步行试验距离,比较治疗效果。结果两组前降支近端病变、2支血管病变以及3支血管病变比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。与术前相比,PCI组术后左室射血分数[(39.8±5.2)%vs.(53.9±6.0)%]、NYHA心功能分级[(3.1±0.7)vs.(1.2±0.4)]均改善,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);6分钟步行试验距离增加[(222.5±126.9)m vs.(514.2±71.1)m],差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。CABG组术后较术前左室射血分数[(39.45±5.3)%vs.(54.4±5.6)%]升高,NYHA心功能分级[(3.2±0.7)vs.(1.3±0.6)]改善,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05),6分钟步行试验距离增加[(215.4±125.3)m vs.(511.2±78.1)m],差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 PCI提高了冠心病慢性心衰患者的心功能,与CABG疗效相当,对改善患者预后有积极的意义。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并中度缺血性二尖瓣反流的近远期疗效分析

目的：评估单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）治疗冠心病合并中度缺血性二尖瓣反流的近远期效果，以探讨最佳的治疗方案。方法：2009年1月至2018年12月，共有822例冠心病合并中度缺血性二尖瓣反流的患者在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院接受治疗，其中750例行单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG组），72例同期行二尖瓣修复（MVP）或二尖瓣置换术（MVR）(CABG+MV组)，通过倾向性评分匹配后（5:1匹配），共有384例患者纳入分析，其中CABG组320例，CABG+MV组64例。通过对比，评估两组患者外科治疗术后的效果。结果：两组患者均成功接受了手术治疗。围术期患者死亡19例，其中CABG组17例（5.3%）,CABG+MV组2例（3.1%），两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.461）。围术期发生MACCE事件21例，其中CABG组18例（5.6%）,CABG+MV组3例（4.7%），两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.763）。患者术后随访时间为（51.48±21.59）个月，期间死亡59例，其中CABG组50例（15.6%）,CABG+MV组9例（14.1%），两组间比较差异无统计...     

冠状动脉旁路移植术同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗老年冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄的研究

目的探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronory artery bypass grafe,CABG)同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)治疗老年冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄患者的耐受性及预后。方法回顾性分析2010年3月~2013年3月郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院心脏外科收治的老年冠心病患者180例,其中同期行CEA、CABG(观察组)与分期行CABG、CEA(对照组)各90例。比较2组手术时间、单支颈动脉阻断时间、桥血管血流量、ICU停留时间、住院时间、颈动脉狭窄处内径、流速及LVEF,记录围术期并发症发生率。结果观察组手术时间明显长于对照组[(213.51±36.75)min vs(196.34±30.42)min,P0.01],而ICU停留时间、住院时间明显短于对照组[(2.10±0.75)d vs(2.53±0.94)d,(24.16±6.57)d vs(36.24±12.53)d,P0.01)]。与术前比较,2组术后颈动脉狭窄处内径、LVEF明显升高,流速明显减慢,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而2组术后颈动脉狭窄处内径、LVEF、流速比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组围术期并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论同期行CEA、CABG治疗老年冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄疗效与分期手术相当,且前者只需进行1次手术,有利于促进患者康复,还可减少围术期并发症发生率,然而其手术时间延长,需注意手术适应证。     

Altered erythrocyte Na+ + K+ pump in adolescent obesity

The number of $\text{Na}\text{K}$ pump units and the cation transport activity of the pump were measured in erythrocytes from two etiologically different groups of obese adolescents and a group of normal controls. There was a significant reduction in the number of pump units, as measured by saturation ouabain binding, in erythrocytes from adolescents with idiopathic, early onset obesity. Individuals whose obesity developed subsequent to the appearance of a variety of hypothalamic lesions showed no reduction in the red cell complement of $\text{Na}\text{K}$ pump when compared to controls and the cation transport activity of their cells was higher than both the controls and the subjects with idiopathic obesity. These results support data obtained in adults that reduced red cell $\text{Na}\text{K}$ pump levels are seen in a group of individuals with idiopathic obesity. They further suggest that such reductions are not likely to be secondary to the obese state per se.     

Transport of Mg2+ by Na+-Mg2+ exchange

Intracellular free Mg(2+) concentration is maintained at low levels by active extrusion from the cells. One of postulated mechanisms is the Na(+)-Mg(2+) exchange, which extrudes Mg(2+) in exchange with Na(+) influx. Although the Na(+)-Mg(2+) exchange activity has been reported in many types of cell, including neurons, details of molecular mechanisms are only poorly understood. In this chapter, we briefly will review our current knowledge on [1] stoichiometry of the Na(+)-Mg(2+) exchange, [2] interaction between the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange and the Na(+)-Mg(2+) exchange, [3] molecular biology of the Na(+)-Mg(2+) exchanger.     

Difference between human red blood cell Na+-Li+ countertransport and renal Na+-H+ exchange

Several laboratories have reported that the activities of sodium-lithium countertransport are increased in red blood cells from patients with essential hypertension. Based on the many similarities between this transport system and the renal sodium-proton exchanger, a hypothesis has been put forth in the literature that increased red blood cell sodium-lithium countertransport activity may be a marker for increased sodium-proton exchange activity in the renal proximal tubule. The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that sodium-lithium countertransport in red blood cells from humans or rabbits is mediated by the same transport mechanism that mediates sodium-proton exchange in the renal brush border from those species. Similar to what has been reported for the rabbit, the present studies show that an amiloride-sensitive sodium-proton exchanger is present in human renal brush border vesicles. However, Na+-Li+ countertransport in human and rabbit red blood cells, assayed under several different conditions, was not inhibited by amiloride. In agreement with what has been reported for humans, the present studies show that extracellular proton-stimulated sodium efflux is inhibited by amiloride in rabbit red blood cells. These data demonstrate a difference (amiloride sensitivity) between the red blood cell sodium-lithium countertransporter and the renal brush border sodium-proton exchanger in humans and rabbits. These experiments detract from the hypothesis that increased red blood cell sodium-lithium countertransport activity in patients with essential hypertension is a marker for increased sodium-proton exchange activity in the renal brush border.     

Red blood cell Li+-Na+ countertransport, Na+-K+ cotransport, and the hemodynamics of hypertension

Red blood cell Li+-Na+ countertransport and Na+-K+ cotransport activities, home blood pressure, invasive systemic hemodynamics, and limb venous compliance were measured in 65 white men (23 normotensive, 22 borderline hypertensive, and 20 mild essential hypertensive subjects). Li+-Na+ countertransport activity was positively and significantly correlated with subject-determined home systolic blood pressure (r = 0.31, p less than 0.02) and with directly measured systolic (r = 0.29, p less than 0.02) and diastolic (r = 0.27, p less than 0.03) blood pressures in the hemodynamic laboratory, independent of potential confounding variables. Analysis of the hemodynamic determinants of blood pressure revealed a significant positive correlation of countertransport with vascular resistance (r = 0.30, p less than 0.02) but not with cardiac output or cardiac index. High red blood cell Na+-K+ cotransport activity was not independently associated with hypertension or with a characteristic hemodynamic pattern but was related to decreased venous compliance. Red blood cell Li+-Na+ countertransport deserves further study as a marker for the genetic substrate of human essential hypertension. Red cell Na+-K+ cotransport may be altered secondarily by factors related to high blood pressure and seems to be a valid marker for abnormalities of the venous system in hypertension.     

Ca2+-dependent structural rearrangements within Na+-Ca2+ exchanger dimers

Cytoplasmic Ca(2+) is known to regulate Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) activity by binding to two adjacent Ca(2+)-binding domains (CBD1 and CBD2) located in the large intracellular loop between transmembrane segments 5 and 6. We investigated Ca(2+)-dependent movements as changes in FRET between exchanger proteins tagged with CFP or YFP at position 266 within the large cytoplasmic loop. Data indicate that the exchanger assembles as a dimer in the plasma membrane. Addition of Ca(2+) decreases the distance between the cytoplasmic loops of NCX pairs. The Ca(2+)-dependent movements detected between paired NCXs were abolished by mutating the Ca(2+) coordination sites in CBD1 (D421A, E451A, and D500V), whereas disruption of the primary Ca(2+) coordination site in CBD2 (E516L) had no effect. Thus, the Ca(2+)-induced conformational changes of NCX dimers arise from the movement of CBD1. FRET studies of CBD1, CBD2, and CBD1-CBD2 peptides displayed Ca(2+)-dependent movements with different apparent affinities. CBD1-CBD2 showed a Ca(2+)-dependent phenotype mirroring full-length NCX but distinct from both CBD1 and CBD2.     

Na+-Li+ countertransport in essential hypertension

Several studies on Na+-Li+ countertransport have reported higher rates in essential hypertensive than in normotensives, with a distribution pattern which is dependent on racial and ethnic background. However, it is not well established whether this abnormality in Na+ transport is associated with an abnormal clinical setting. In the present study we have performed a kinetic analysis of the interaction of the Na+-Li+ countertransport system with internal Na+ in erythrocytes from a sample of 72 essential hypertensives and 30 normotensive controls. A significant increase in mean values of the maximal rate of Li+-stimulated Na+ efflux (Vmax; 375.1 +/- 23.8 versus 213.7 +/- 8.5 mumol/l cells per h; mean +/- s.e.m.; Mann-Whitney test: U = 500; P less than 0.0001), as well as in the apparent affinity constant for internal Na+ (KNa; 10.03 +/- 0.08 versus 6 +/- 0.4 mmol/l cells; Mann-Whitney test: U = 718; P less than 0.0079), were observed in essential hypertensives with respect to normotensives. Using the 95% confidence interval of Vmax in normotensives as the normal range, 29 (40.3%) of the essential hypertensives exhibited values above the normal upper limit. The maximal rate (Vmax) and the internal Na+ content required for half-maximal stimulation (K50%) of Na+-K+ ATPase and outward Na+-K+ cotransport, and the rate constant of Na+ leak (KPNa) in this subset were similar to the values observed in the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Rapamycin selectively expands CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells

Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive compound that is currently used to prevent acute graft rejection in humans. In addition, rapamycin has been shown to allow operational tolerance in murine models. However, a direct effect of rapamycin on T regulatory (Tr) cells, which play a key role in induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance, has not been demonstrated so far. Here, we provide new evidence that rapamycin selectively expands the murine naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tr cells in vitro. These expanded Tr cells suppress proliferation of syngeneic T cells in vitro and prevent allograft rejection in vivo. Interestingly, rapamycin does not block activation-induced cell death and proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Based on this new mode of action, rapamycin can be used to expand CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tr cells for ex vivo cellular therapy in T-cell-mediated diseases.     

Red cells from the original JAL+ proband are also DAK+ and STEM+

Background The low‐prevalence Rh antigen, JAL, was named after the index case, Mr. J. Allen. Based on reactivity of seven multi‐specific sera with his RBCs, it was apparent that they express at least one additional low‐prevalence antigen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the other low‐prevalence antigen(s) on J. Allen’s RBCs. Methods Blood samples and reagents were from our collections. Hemagglutination and DNA analyses were performed by standard methods. Results Our DNA analyses confirmed the presence of RHCE*ceS(340T) in J. Allen and revealed the presence of RHCE*ceBI (ce 48C, 712G, 818T, 1132G) and RHD*DOL (509T, 667T). RBCs from J. Allen were agglutinated by anti‐JAL, anti‐STEM, and anti‐DAK. Two of the reactive multi‐specific sera reported in the original paper reacted with RBCs from J. Allen, and with RBCs from four other people with RHCE*ceBI, including the original STEM+ index case (P. Stemper) but not with RBCs with the DIIIa, DAK+ phenotype. We conclude that they contain anti‐STEM. Conclusion J.Allen’s RBCs express the low‐prevalence Rh antigens, JAL, V/VS (extremely weakly), STEM, and DAK. The presence of JAL on the variant Rhce, RhceJAL (16Cys, 114Trp, 245Val), STEM on the variant Rhce, RhceBI (16Cys, 238Val, 273Val, 378Val), and DAK on the variant RhD (170Thr, 223Val), encoded by RHD*DOL in trans to RHCE*ceBI is consistent with expression of these antigens. When J. Allen RBCs are used to detect and identify an anti‐JAL, it is important to remember that they also express STEM and DAK.