32例颅内动脉瘤显微手术治疗

目的总结颅内动脉瘤中的显微手术经验,提高手术效果。方法回顾显微外科手术夹闭32例动脉瘤的手术时机及术中操作要点。结果显微手术治疗32例动脉瘤,28例痊愈,3例部分偏瘫或语言智能障碍,1例死亡,病死率3.2%。结论显微手术夹闭颅内动脉瘤效果良好。对动脉瘤术前Hunt分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者应尽早手术,Ⅲ级及以上者,待病情平稳后再手术。     

早期显微手术夹闭瘤颈治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血

目的 探讨早期显微手术夹闭瘤颈治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血的方法及临床效果。方法 应用显微手术治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血早期病例92例，其中出血后24h内手术47例，24～48h内手术32例，48～72h内手术13例。术前病情分级（按照Hunt-Hess分级）Ⅰ级7例，Ⅱ级18例，Ⅲ级42例，Ⅳ级23例，Ⅳ级2例。92例患者共有110个动脉瘤，其中前交通动脉瘤48个，颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤32个，大脑中动脉瘤18个，大脑前动脉瘤12个。对患者出院时的治疗效果进行GOS评分。结果 术后恢复良好71例，预后差14例，死亡7例。结论 早期应用显微手术治疗脑动脉瘤出血病人可以获得较满意的临床效果。     

动脉瘤破裂致颅内血肿脑疝急诊手术策略及预后因素分析

目的探讨动脉瘤性颅内血肿并脑疝的急诊手术策略及影响患者预后的危险因素。方法回顾2012年8月~2015年10月收治的17例行急诊手术探查的动脉瘤性颅内血肿并脑疝患者的临床资料,因病情危重,所有患者术前均未行脑血管影像学检查。对这些患者预后影响因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果所有患者均顺利完成动脉瘤夹闭术,其中8例动脉瘤予以直接夹闭,另9例系复杂动脉瘤,术中采用动脉瘤塑形技术,并予以夹闭。17例患者中死亡4例,均为术前Hunt-Hess分级为Ⅴ级患者;存活13例,其中3例术后出现交通性脑积水,行脑室-腹腔分流术后治愈。13例存活患者中,6例功能恢复良好（ADLⅠ级3例,ADLⅡ级3例）,5例有中度功能障碍（ADLⅢ级）,2例重度功能障碍（ADLⅣ级）。17例患者中,预后好者11例（64.7%）,预后差者6例（35.3%）。单因素分析结果显示患者的预后与年龄、血肿量、术前Hunt-Hess分级有关（P〈0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术前Hunt-Hess分级是影响动脉瘤破裂致颅内血肿并脑疝行急诊探查手术的患者预后的独立危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论对动脉瘤破裂致颅内血肿并脑疝形成的患者应早期积极手术,术前Hunt-Hess分级与患者预后关系密切,是影响患者急诊探查手术预后的独立危险因素,可作为这类患者临床手术治疗方案决策的参考。     

显微手术治疗破裂前循环脑动脉瘤的临床研究

目的临床研究显微夹闭手术在治疗破裂的脑前循环动脉瘤中的疗效,总结手术经验。方法回顾分析42例破裂脑前循环动脉瘤的显微手术治疗临床资料,结合随访结果,进行相关因素分析。结果本组动脉瘤均得到满意夹闭。手术后3例死亡。生存病例全部在出院后3~6月进行门诊或电话随访。患者神经功能以改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评价,疗效良好:mRS 0~3分29例,疗效差:mRS 4~6分13例。结论破裂的前循环脑动脉瘤早期行显微夹闭手术可取得较好疗效。年龄、术前Hunt-Hess分级、有脑疝和呼吸改变、CT Fisher分级与预后近期预后相关。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿21例急诊治疗体会

目的：探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的急诊治疗方案。方法回顾性分析本院近5年来21例颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的检查和治疗方案,术后6月随访GOS分级评价预后。结果21例患者总体预后良好率为61.9%（13/21）,死亡率14.3%（3/21）,病死率随Hunt-Hess分级增加升高。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂并血肿者应根据病情选择不同治疗方案。病情稳定、Hunt-Hess低分级、血肿量较少者行急诊DSA检查联合血管内介入治疗,后急诊行血肿清除术治疗;病情危重、Hunt-Hess高分级、血肿量较多者行3D-CTA检查,急诊行动脉瘤夹闭联合血肿清除术治疗。     

LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗急性期颅内破裂宽颈动脉瘤预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗急性期颅内破裂宽颈动脉瘤的疗效,分析预后影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2015年2月至2020年2月行LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的60例急性期颅内破裂宽颈动脉瘤患者的临床资料,术后根据mRs评分评估预后,分析预后影响因素。结果 60例急性期颅内破裂宽颈动脉瘤患者手术均获成功,支架手术成功率为100%;术中出现动脉瘤破裂1例(1.67%),载瘤动脉血栓形成3例(5%)。术后造影检查显示动脉瘤完全栓塞52例(86.67%),近全栓塞6例(10%),部分栓塞2例(3.33%),栓塞率为96.67%(58/60)。单因素分析显示,年龄、原发性高血压史、入院时Hunt-Hess分级以及动脉瘤分型可能是影响急性颅内破裂宽颈动脉瘤预后的危险因素(P<0.05);二元Logistic回归分析显示入院时Hunt-Hess分级为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级是影响预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 LVIS支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗急性期颅内破裂颈动脉瘤效果显著,安全性高;对于入院时Hunt-Hess分级为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级者应提高警惕,在病情允许下尽快实施手术治疗,以改善预后。     

颅内动脉瘤外科治疗500例经验

目的 总结手术治疗动脉瘤的经验。方法 回顾性总结外科治疗的500例Ⅰ-Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料,包括动脉瘤的分级、手术时机的选择、控制性低血压麻醉、脑保护剂与载瘤动脉暂时阻断结合应用、经颅多普勒超声动态监测、脑血管痉挛治疗、直接手术中动脉瘤处理技术、血管内动脉瘤栓塞。结果 465例Ⅰ-Ⅳ级颅内动脉瘤患者的手术病死率为27%,1990年前手术的210例病死率为3.8%;1990年后手术的255例病死率为1.9%。35例动脉瘤栓塞的患者无死亡。结论 对颅内动脉瘤采取外科综合治疗措施能有效的改善患者的预后。     

显微手术治疗破裂颅内动脉瘤155例

目的 通过总结颅内动脉瘤破裂的显微手术治疗,探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂的手术时机、手术技巧对术后疗效的影响.方法 系统总结2004年10月至2007年10月经手术治疗的155例破裂颅内动脉瘤的临床情况,以GOS计分评价患者出院时转归,比较不同手术时机对预后的影响.结果 155例中发现162个动脉瘤,单纯夹闭149个,夹闭加包裹4个,包裹6个.手术时间在发病72 h之内(包括72 h)79例,3～14 d(包括14 d)65例,14 d以上11例.术后恢复良好140例(90.3%),一般11例(7.1%),植物生存3例(1.94%),死亡1例(0.65%).不同手术时期患者出院时GOS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 显微手术治疗破裂的颅内动脉瘤可取得满意疗效.     

脑动脉瘤破裂并颅内血肿形成的诊断和显微外科治疗

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂并颅内血肿形成患者的诊断、手术入路、操作技巧和治疗效果.方法 采用显微外科技术对23例Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ-Ⅴ级的颅内动脉瘤破裂并血肿形成患者实施手术.并对其临床特点、影像学资料等进行回顾性分析.结果 单纯动脉瘤夹闭术4例,动脉瘤夹闭术加去骨瓣减压术18例,动脉瘤栓塞术加去骨瓣减压术1例.术后随访3个月～2年.按Glasgow预后指标分级:其中1级9例,2级8例,3级4例,4级1例,5级1例.结论 此类患者的临床特点、影像学等方面有别于其他类型动脉瘤,采取及时的诊断和恰当的治疗能够取得较好治疗效果.     

颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术治疗蛛网膜下腔出血围手术期感染的危险因素分析

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术治疗蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)围手术期感染的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2018年5月—2019年12月于黄山首康医院神经外科行动脉瘤介入栓塞术治疗的236例SAH患者的病例资料,统计所有患者的手术治疗效果以及术后情况,根据围手术期感染情况将患者分为感染组(n=44)和非感染组(n=192),记录患者的临床指标,包括年龄、性别、饮酒史、吸烟史、糖尿病史、术中有无临时阻断、动脉瘤位置、三酰甘油、脂蛋白种类、CT-Fisher分级、高血压史、动脉瘤直径和数量、白蛋白、Hunt-Hess分级、入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、穿刺次数。计量资料以均数±标准差(Mean±SD)表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ^(2)检验。采用Logistic回归分析评估SAH患者围手术期发生感染的危险因素。结果所有SAH患者治疗成功率为100%。单因素分析结果显示,感染组和非感染组患者在高血压史、动脉瘤直径和数量、白蛋白、Hunt-Hess分级、入院时GCS评分、穿刺次数比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,有高血压史、动脉瘤直径≥8 mm、动脉瘤数量多发、白蛋白≤35.12 g/L、Hunt-Hess分级为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、入院时GCS评分>5分、穿刺次数>2次是颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术治疗SAH围手术期感染的危险因素;列线图预测模型所有因素积分总分为314.84分,对应的值即为颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术治疗SAH的围手术期感染率(14.96%)。结论颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术治疗SAH可获得较好的临床效果。但是,有高血压史、动脉瘤直径≥8 mm、动脉瘤数量多发、白蛋白≤35.12 g/L、Hunt-Hess分级为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、入院时GCS评分>5分、穿刺次数>2次均是导致SAH患者围手术期感染的独立危险因素,临床应予以重视并积极防范。     

Microsurgery for intracranial aneurysm:analysis of 438 cases

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience of surgical therapy in a series of 438 patients with intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 438 patients, in terms of the perioperative management, timing of surgery, surgical skills, and The HUNT-HESS grade. RESULTS: 438 patients with 476 aneurysms underwent microsurgery, in which 450 aneurysms were clipped, 14 were wrapped, 8 were isolated,4 were cut. 32 aneurysms were ruptured (6.72%) during the operation. The relation between Hunt-Hess scale and mortality is significant postpone operation (> or =7 d) has got a better curative effect than the early. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical treatment is a confirmed effective method with intracranial aneurysms. The higher of HUNT-HESS grade will result to the worse clinical outcome.     

126例颅内动脉瘤破裂的早期显微外科治疗

目的探讨早期显微外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂的疗效。方法126例颅内动脉瘤破裂患者根据Hunt—Hess分级，Ⅰ级20例、Ⅱ级37例、Ⅲ级42例、Ⅳ级18例、Ⅴ级9例。126例患者第一次手术均在出血后72h内，13例颅内多发动脉瘤患者进行了二次手术，所有患者术后用格拉斯哥评分表（GOS）随访1—3年。结果恢复良好98例；中度病残，但生活自理18例；重度病残，生活不能自理4例；植物生存1例；死亡5例。结论早期显微外科手术是治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂的有效方法，能改善动脉瘤患者的生存质量。     

Pipeline血流导向装置治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的效果

目的观察Pipeline血流导向装置(PED)治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析接受PED治疗的11例颅内复杂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果11例患者共12个动脉瘤,植入12枚PED,其中10例植入1枚PED、1例2枚,3个动脉瘤单纯植入PED、9个植入PED联合弹簧圈栓塞;术后立即造影示动脉瘤内对比剂滞留,PED贴壁良好,完全覆盖瘤颈,载瘤动脉通畅。术后1例发生局部急性脑梗死,经治疗后康复。术后随访6~9个月,中位随访时间7.5个月,患者症状均明显缓解或消失,未发现严重并发症,动脉瘤闭塞率75.00%(6/9)。根据O'Kelly-Marotta(OKM)分级:A级0个动脉瘤,B级1个,C级2个,D级9个。改良Rankin评分(mRS):0分10例,1分1例。结论PED治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的效果及安全性均较好。     

Emergency treatment of cerebral aneurysms with large haematomas

Of 469 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured intracranial aneurysms, 31 had large intracerebral haematomas and were treated as emergency cases at the University Central Hospital, Kuopio, Finland during 1979-1985. The haematomas were evacuated and the aneurysms clipped immediately after diagnosis with CT and angiography. The mean diameter of the haematomas was 48 mm. Of the 31 patients 15 died. Mortality was lower for patients with aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery and for those with a better clinical grade (Gr. IV) at the time of the operation (41%); all patients with dilated pupils in grade V died. Five patients returned to work, and 10 are living a useful and independent life at home. Because early CT is increasingly used as the first diagnostic tool in vascular catastrophies, the pressure for early emergency treatment of aneurysmal intracerebral haematoma is increasing. The almost 100% mortality with conservative treatment should be compared to the 41% mortality with selection of the surgical candidates.     

Intracranial saccular aneurysms results of treatment in 851 patients

Summary The series studied comprises all 851 patients with symptom-producing intracranial saccular aneurysms admitted to the departments of neurosurgery in Denmark in the five-year period of 1970–1974. The series was divided into seven clinical stages according to Hunt's classification. More than half of the patients were grouped in stages IV and V (Hunt grade 2–3). Of the patients, 76% were found primarily suitable for operation. The mortality within the individual stages was to a great extent independent of the time of operation.A total of 94% of the aneurysms were localized within the region of the carotid artery, with a roughly equal distribution among the internal carotid, anterior communicating, and middle cerebral arteries. Multiple aneurysms were found in 19% of the patients subjected to panangiography.There was a distinct correlation between the severity of the spasms and the clinical condition. The course of operation was complicated in 49% of the patients, the complications being equally distributed within the various clinical stages. The mortality for the patients who underwent operation (total 567) was 32%, and 80% of the deaths were due to direct or indirect consequences of aneurysmal bleeding.At the follow-up performed two to seven years after operation, 52% of the survivors were fully capacitated, 20% were partly capacitated, and 28% were incapacitated. Based on a retrospective analysis, we have started a comprehensive prospective study with registration of available parameters in patients with saccular aneurysms admitted to all departments of neurosurgery in Denmark.     

Low-profile visualized intraluminal support stent for the endovascular treatment of traumatic intracranial internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysms

Optimal treatment strategies for traumatic intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) pseudoaneurysms are controversial. The low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device is a braided stent with a metal coverage rate between traditional laser cut stents and flow diversion devices. We report here our therapy strategy using the LVIS stent-assisted coiling for treatment of traumatic intracranial ICA pseudoaneurysms. Patients with traumatic intracranial ICA pseudoaneurysms treated by the LVIS stent-assisted coiling in our center between January 2015 and June 2021 were reviewed. The complications, radiographic, and clinical outcomes of these patients were analyzed. A total of 12 patients with 12 pseudoaneurysms were included. The mean maximum aneurysm diameter was 6.2?±?3.1 mm. Nine patients had a subarachnoid hemorrhage; five patients with Hunt-Hess grade III and four patients with grade IV. All procedures were successfully performed without intraoperative complications. Immediate postoperative angiogram showed that six (50%) aneurysms were Raymond grade 1, four (33.3%) were grade 2, and two (16.7%) were grade 3. Postoperative multiple cerebral infarction occurred in two patients because of vasospasm. Of the ten patients with angiographic follow-up (mean, 29.9 months), two received additional coiling because of recanalization of the pseudoaneurysm, and all aneurysms were completely obliterated at the last examination of the patients. During the clinical follow-up period (mean, 26.8 months), the overall mortality and morbidity were 25% (3/12) and 8.3% (1/12), respectively. LVIS stent-assisted coiling was a feasible approach for the treatment of traumatic ICA pseudoaneurysms.

     

Analysis of 223 cases of intracranial aneurysms--with special reference to re-rupture of the intracranial aneurysms

Reviewing 223 cases of intracranial ruptured aneurysms including 46 cases of re-ruptured aneurysms, the following results were obtained. 1) The outcome of the re-rupture aneurysms was more miserable than that of the first rupture. Even low grade cases (Hunt and Hess 0-II) of re-rupture showed no better outcome than high grade cases (Hunt and Hess IV) of first rupture. 2) Re-rupture most often occurred on the 12th (11.6 +/- 6.7) day after the first attack of the subarachnoid hemorrhage. Re-rupture more often occurred in the vertebrobasilar system. In the internal carotid artery and its branches, aneurysms with daughter or bleb tended to rupture again. Aneurysms with daughter, regardless of these location, showed greater incidence of re-rupture than those without daughter. Also rupture often occurred in the cases of lower grade with less vasospasm and with the acute hydrocephalus. 3) It was suggested that the sequential changes of some factors of both the coagulating system and fibrinolytic system might forecast the vasospasm, infarction, re-rupture and prognosis of the patient of intracranial ruptured aneurysms. And therefore, in the cases in which re-rupture is likely, operation should be performed as early as possible, except in those showing diffuse vasospasm or clinical down hill course or in grade V.     

Internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysms: surgical experience

Internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation aneurysms are relatively uncommon and frequently rupture at a younger age compared to other intracranial aneurysms. We have treated a total of 999 patients for intracranial aneurysms, of whom 89 (8.9%) had ICA bifurcation aneurysms, and 42 of the 89 patients were 30 years of age or younger. The present study analyzed the clinical records of 70 patients with ICA bifurcation aneurysms treated from mid 1997 to mid 2003. Multiple aneurysms were present in 15 patients. Digital subtraction angiography films were studied in 55 patients to identify vasospasm and aneurysm projection. The aneurysm projected superiorly in most of these patients (37/55, 67.3%). We preferred to minimize frontal lobe retraction, so widely opened the sylvian fissure to approach the ICA bifurcation and aneurysm neck. Elective temporary clipping was employed before the final dissection and permanent clip application. Vasospasm was present in 24 (43.6%) of 55 patients. Forty-eight (68.6%) of the 70 patients had good outcome, 14 (20%) had poor outcome, and eight (11.4%) died. Patients with ICA bifurcation aneurysms tend to bleed at a much younger age compared to those with other intracranial aneurysms. Wide opening of the sylvian fissure and elective temporary clipping of the ICA reduces the risk of intraoperative rupture and perforator injury. Mortality was mainly due to poor clinical grade and intraoperative premature aneurysm rupture.     

Results of early and delayed operations for ruptured intracranial aneurysms in two series of 100 consecutive patients

This report compares the results of early and delayed operations for ruptured intracranial aneurysms in two groups of 100 consecutive patients managed at Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, N.Y. In the first group, operation was postponed for a minimum of 1 week after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and aneurysmal clipping was carried out only on patients classified as grade I or Ia in whom intracranial pressure was normal, and in whom serial angiograms demonstrated absence or resolution of vasospasm. According to this policy, 35 patients came to operation with no operative deaths (0%) and four permanent neurological deficits (11%). Sixty-five patients died prior to operation from a variety of causes including aneurysmal rebleeding, cerebral vasospasm, and systemic complications. Of 81 patients admitted in grades I-III, the survival rate was 43% (35/81). In the second group, aneurysmal clipping was carried out as soon as possible after admission on all patients who were grade III or below without specific regard to intracranial pressure or angiographic vasospasm, and on occasional grade IV and V patients with intracerebral clots. With this strategy, 81 of 86 grade I-III patients came to surgery. There were 4 operative deaths (4.9%), 10 permanent neurological deficits (12%), and a survival rate of 90% (77/86). Including three of six grade IV and V patients who were successfully operated upon for intracerebral clots, the overall survival of the second group (80%) was more than twice that of the first group (35%). Taken together, these data suggest that, whereas early surgical intervention for ruptured intracranial aneurysms invites a higher operative mortality, patient mortality, by far the most important statistic, can be significantly reduced without increasing long-term morbidity.     

Neuroendoscope-assisted minimally invasive microsurgery for clipping intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intracranial aneurysm treatment with the help of the neuroendoscope. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients were treated from February 2000 to November 2003 for intracranial aneurysms of which 89 lesions were clipped with the help of neuroendoscope, including 82 anterior circulation aneurysms (in 81 cases) and 7 posterior circulation aneurysms. The diameters of the aneurysms were between 5 and 40 mm with mean value of 12.5 mm. In the Hunt and Hess preoperative classification, 10 cases were grade 0, 37 cases were grade I, 36 cases were grade II, and 5 cases were grade III. RESULTS: Postoperative complications were observed in 7 cases (7.9%), including hemiplegia in 5 cases (1 case with combination of aphasia), pseudomembranous enteritis in 1 case and optic blur in 1 case. We did not observe any neuroendoscope-related complications and had no postoperative deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The operative efficacy in aneurysm neurosurgery can be improved by the use of the neuroendoscope, especially for minimally invasive microsurgery operation. The neurosurgeon should pay more attention to the training of the endoscope procedure and master more knowledge about endoscopic anatomy.