实时三维经食管超声心动图定量评价心房颤动患者左心耳形态及功能

目的探讨实时三维经食管超声心动图(RT-3D-TEE)定量评估心房颤动(AF)患者左心耳(LAA)形态和功能的可行性。方法选取56例拟接受射频消融术的阵发性AF患者(阵发组)、26例持续性AF患者(持续组)及同期11名健康人(对照组),采用RT-3D-TEE测量3组LAA各参数。结果与对照组比较,阵发组LAA舒张末期容积(LAA-EDV)、收缩末期容积(LAA-ESV)、开口最大面积(A_(max))及最小面积(A_(min))均增大,射血分数(LAA-EF)、最大排空速度(Vep)、面积变化率(A%)及直径变化率(D%)均减小(P均0.05);持续组LAA-EDV、LAA-ESV、A_(max)、A_(min)增大,LAA-EF、Vep、A%、D%减小(P均0.05);阵发组与持续组间各参数差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。LAA-EF与ESV (r=-0.73,P0.01)、EDV(r=-0.64,P0.01)、A_(max)(r=-0.36,P0.01)及年龄(r=-0.27,P=0.02)呈负相关,与A%、D%、Vep呈正相关(r=0.86、0.74、0.55,P均0.01),与D_(max)无明显相关(P0.05)。结论 RT-3D-TEE能定量分析AF患者LAA形态及功能变化,对于评估AF患者病情具有一定临床意义。     

The peri-operative management of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia frequently seen in surgical patients. The onset of new atrial fibrillation during the peri-operative period is less common. There are many possible precipitating factors, although volatile agents themselves may have an antifibrillatory action. The management of atrial fibrillation includes removal of any precipitating factors and treatment of the arrhythmia itself. Immediate management of acute-onset atrial fibrillation is usually direct current cardioversion. Alternatively, anti-arrhythmic drugs can be used to achieve cardioversion. In patients with rapid, chronic atrial fibrillation or those refractory to cardioversion, priority is given to control of the ventricular rate. Thrombo-embolism is a significant risk if atrial fibrillation is paroxysmal or persists for more than 48 h.     

Giant right atrial aneurysm with atrial fibrillation

Congenital right atrial aneurysm is a rare condition. Here we reported a 16‐year‐old male with giant right atrial aneurysm, atrial fibrillation, and atrial septal defect. Surgical resection of extensive right atrium, ASD repair, and maze procedure were performed. In the present case, we found extensive enlargement of right atrium protruding to the apex on the surface of the right ventricle. With the exist of atrial fibrillation, thrombus formation was always a lethal threat. Surgical treatment can provide excellent clinical results and further avoided life‐threatening complications.     

三维斑点追踪成像技术评价左心房结构与功能研究进展

三维斑点追踪成像技术是在二维灰阶成像基础上发展起来的新型超声技术,通过追踪心肌声学斑点的三维运动轨迹,准确量化心肌整体及局部功能。近年来,三维斑点追踪技术已用于评价左心房结构与功能。本文对相关进展进行综述。     

The relationship between atrial pressure, atrial dimensions and atrial natriuretic factor during pacing tachycardia in dogs

Acute supraventricular tachycardia is known to increase the plasma level of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). The purpose of these experiments was to investigate if such an increase in plasma-ANF could be ascribed to changes in atrial pressure and atrial dimensions. Eight anaesthetized dogs were instrumented with atrial pressure catheters and sonomicrometers to measure left and right auricular and atrial free wall dimensions. An acute increase in atrial rate from 150 to 200 min-1 for 10 min did not change plasma-ANF or atrial haemodynamic variables. A further increase in atrial rate to 250 or 300 min-1 increased right and left atrial intracavitary pressures (P less than 0.01), both auricular diameters and right atrial free wall segment length (P less than 0.05). Left atrial free wall segment length remained unchanged. Plasma-ANF increased in all dogs (P less than 0.01). The change in plasma-ANF correlated well with changes in atrial pressures as well as with changes in atrial dimensions. These results support the hypothesis that release of ANF during acute atrial tachycardia may in part be attributed to atrial dilatation.     

左心耳封堵术后影响封堵器不完全内皮化的危险因素

目的 分析心房颤动（AF）患者左心耳封堵（LAAO）术后封堵器不完全内皮化的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析53例接受LAAO（封堵装置均为Watchman）治疗的AF患者。于术后3个月以双源CT评估封堵器是否完全内皮化;采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析观察封堵器不完全内皮化的影响因素。结果 术后随访77~134天,中位随访时间100天。术后3个月,双源CT诊断不完全内皮化32例（不完全组）、完全内皮化21例（完全组）;组间左心室射血分数（LVEF）和二尖瓣反流（MR）差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,性别、年龄、AF类型等指标差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。以LVEF和MR为自变量、完全内皮化与否为因变量行logistic回归分析,结果显示LVEF和MR均为封堵器不完全内皮化的独立影响因素（P均<0.05）。结论 二尖瓣轻度及以上反流及低射血分数可在一定程度上影响LAAO治疗AF术后封堵器内皮化,导致封堵器延迟内皮化或内皮化不完全。     

超声心动图在经导管房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

经导管介入封堵术是治疗房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)的重要方法。超声心动图不仅能指导选择封堵器型号,而且可在术前筛查、术中监测及术后复查中发挥重要作用。本研究探讨超声心动图在ASD经导管封堵治疗过程中的应用价值。1资料与方法1.1研究对象2011年10月—     

Predictors of atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most commoncomplications after cardiothoracic surgery and is associatedwith an increased risk of stroke, and longer hospital stay.The pathophysiology of postoperative AF is uncertain, and itsprevention remains unsatisfactory. Many previous studies haveexamined the predictors of AF after on-pump coronary arterybypass graft surgery (CABG), but there are few reports afteroff-pump CABG. Methods: The aim of the present prospective observational study, in which296 consecutive patients were enrolled, was to elucidate thepredictors of AF after off-pump CABG. The association of perioperativefactors with AF was investigated using univariate analysis.Significant variables were included into a stepwise logisticregression model to ascertain their independent influence onthe occurrence of AF. Results: The incidence of AF was 32%. AF prolonged the time until patientswere fit for discharge by 3 days (P < 0.01). Stepwise multivariateanalysis identified increasing age [odds ratio (OR) 1.44 per10-yr increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.95],intraoperative average core temperature (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.05–2.56),the average cardiac index in the intensive care unit (OR 0.37;95% CI 0.19–0.71), and intraoperative fluid balance (OR0.96 per 100-ml increase; 95% CI 0.93–0.99) as independentpredictors of postoperative AF. Conclusion: Our present findings indicate that ageing, the intraoperativefluid balance, and postoperative cardiac index are associatedwith the onset of AF after off-pump CABG.     

先天性房间隔缺损介入治疗并发症及其处理

房间隔缺损是临床最常见的先天性心脏病之一，约占先心病的10％～15％。自1997年Amplatzer封堵器应用于临床以来，介入治疗由于其确切的疗效得到迅速推广，目前已成为外科手术之外房间隔缺损的常规治疗方法之一。但是，由于适应证选择不当、操作技术欠佳或介入治疗经验不足等原因所造成的并发症也时有发生，尤其是房间隔缺损封堵术术中及术后发生的并发症会造成一些严重不良后果，影响疗效及预后。本文综述国内外文献报道的各类并发症以及预防和处理措施．望引起介入医师的高度重视。     

Combined right atrial resection for lung cancer that developed intractable atrial flutter

We have encountered a patient with primary lung cancer with invasion into the right atrial wall with N2 disease. Complete resection of the tumor combined with the right atrial wall was achieved under cardiopulmonary bypass after induction chemoradiotherapy. Pathological results confirmed ypT0N0M0. Post-operatively, atrial flutter resistant to rate control with calcium-antagonists and β-blockers was treated with catheter ablation of the atrioventricular node.     

实时三维经食管超声心动图在成人房间隔缺损介入封堵术中的应用

目的探讨实时三维TEE(RT-3D-TEE)在成人房间隔缺损(ASD)经导管封堵术中的应用价值。方法对TTE初筛后拟行封堵治疗的31例ASD患者行RT-3D-TEE检查,测量缺损最大径和面积,与TTE、二维TEE(2D-TEE)测值进行比较;评价缺损解剖特征,判断其是否适宜行封堵术,并选择封堵器型号。结果 TTE、2D-TEE和RT-3D-TEE测量ASD最大径分别为(21.32±6.21)mm、(22.80±5.87)mm和(23.44±5.90)mm,RT-3D-TEE与TTE和2D-TEE比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);RT-3D-TEE所测缺损面积与最大径显著相关(r=0.92,P<0.05);RT-3D-TEE显示房间隔缺损形状多为近似椭圆形,较少为不规则形及近似圆形,可清晰显示ASD残缘情况及周围毗邻结构的空间关系;根据RT-3D-TEE结果,29例属封堵术适应证,并封堵成功,封堵器大小为最大径测值+(5.4±2.3)mm。结论 RT-3D-TEE可直观评价ASD大小、形态及毗邻结构空间关系,在成人ASD封堵治疗中有重要应用价值。     

Right atrial myxoma developing 4 years following patch closure of an atrial septal defect: Report of a case

We report herein the rare case of a 13-year-old boy in whom a right atrial myxoma developed 4 years following patch closure of an ostium secundum atrial septal defect, at which time no other atrial abnormality had been observed. The myxoma arose from the atrial septum in the area between the orifices of the coronary sinus and inferior vena cava. The suture line was not involved. Gross and histopathological findings were characteristic of atrial myxoma. Atrial myxomas are usually considered to be slow-growing neoplasms; however, this case demonstrates that the initial period of growth may be quite rapid in some cases.     

经食管实时三维超声心动图在经胸微创继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨经食管实时三维超声心动图（RT-3D-TEE）在经胸微创封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损（SASD）中的应用价值。方法对TTE诊断为SASD的58例患者行经胸微创封堵治疗。术前行RT-3D-TEE检查,明确SASD的位置、类型、大小及边缘情况,以选择合适的封堵器;术中于RT-3D-TEE引导下放置封堵器;术后即刻评价封堵效果,1周后复查TTE。结果58例患者均封堵成功,3例少量残余分流;术后1周TTE检查示封堵器位置正常,均无残余分流。结论RT-3I）_TEE可立体显示SASD的部位、形态及与周围结构的空间关系,对于选择封堵器型号、全方位引导放置封堵器及术后疗效评价具有重要临床应用价值。