山东临朐胃癌高发现场技术线路和组织体系

山东临朐１９８７年被全国肿瘤防治研究办公室定为全国胃癌高发研究现场。北京市肿瘤防治研究所在该地区建立胃癌研究现场,与美国国立癌症研究所（ＮＣＩ）合作开展了胃癌流行病学研究,１９８６年～１９８８年是病例对照研究,１９８９年～１９９４年是胃癌癌前病变、病变转化及影响因素的研究,１９９５年～２００３年是胃癌癌前病变的化学干预研究。目前在该现场进行的科研课题还有国家“九五”攻关课题“胃癌高发现场的综合防治研究”,已进行监测调查胃镜检查３５７２人,预计到２０００年底完成８０００～１００００人的筛查任务,国…     

肥城市居民胃癌及癌前病变危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响肥城市居民胃癌及癌前病变发病的危险因素,为肥城市胃癌及癌前病变防治提供有针对性的科学依据.方法 选取2017-2019年在"国家胃癌早诊早治示范基地(肥城市)"参与胃癌筛查的40～69岁居民为研究对象.通过调查问卷收集研究对象的基本情况和生活方式等信息,利用"内镜下碘染色+指示性活检"技术对研究对象进行内...     

21世纪启东肝癌现场防治

２０世纪７０年代初,启东开展了肝癌的肿瘤防治工作：建立了恶性肿瘤登记报告制度及居民病伤死亡登记报告制度;成立了肝癌防治研究所,培养了一支肿瘤防治专业队伍;开展了以甲胎蛋白血清学普查为主要手段的肝癌的早诊早治,建立了肝癌病房;摸清了肝癌的主要病因因素。目前的启东肝癌防治已形成现场－实验－临床相结合的运行模式,并正承担多项国际协作、国家攻关项目。 ３０年后,我们迎来了２１世纪,这将是肝癌研究取得突破的一个世纪,现场研究将更加大有作为。防治肝炎、管粮防霉、改良饮水、适量补硒为主的综合性预防措施将是现场…     

中国癌症现场防治研讨会纪要

由中国癌症研究基金会、全国肿瘤防治研究办公室主办，江苏启东肝癌防治研究所承办的“中国癌症现场防治研讨会”于2002年12月8日～9日在启东市召开。卫生部科教司、疾控司、科技部农社司、中国癌症研究基金会、全国肿瘤防治研究办公室的领导(代表)，以及北京、河南、河北、山东、江苏、浙江、广东、云南、广西等地癌症防治现场的负责同志与专家50余人出席了会议。研讨会邀请了多年从事癌症现场防治的有关专家就肝癌及胃癌的综合防治，大肠癌、食管癌、鼻咽癌及宫颈癌的早诊早治作了专题报告。这些精彩的报告充分展示了我国癌症现场防治研究…     

辽宁庄河胃癌早诊早治工作进展

[目的]探讨可持续开展癌症预防和早诊早治工作及基层肿瘤防治队伍能力建设的成功经验.[方法]总结胃癌早诊早治示范基地项目实施及进展情况,并进行资料分析.[结果]庄河现场胃癌早诊早治工作取得明显效果,早诊率80%.治疗率99%,诊断及治疗时效率均为100%.现场防治队伍能力建设取得长足进步.[结论]各级地方政府高度重视及大力支持是保证早诊早治项目顺利实施的关键,上级技术支撑单位的技术传、帮、带是保证技术方案落实到位的关键,基层肿瘤防治队伍能力建设是保证早诊早治项目可持续发展的关键.     

庄河胃癌防治研究概况

最新的研究资料显示，中国胃癌死亡率为25．16／10万，占恶性肿瘤全部死亡的23．23％，名列榜首。在胃癌病发区，如辽宁庄河、山东临胸及福建长乐等地，胃癌死亡率高达50／10万以上。长期以来，胃癌一直是我国重点防治的恶性肿瘤之一。80年代初，中国医科大学肿瘤研究所于庄河开辟了胃癌研究高发现场，连续承担国家“六五”、“七五”＼“八五”及“九五”医学科技攻关任务，对当地胃癌发病情况、可疑致病因素及防治途径等进行了一系列研究。“九五”期间，又进行了大规模胃癌高危人群综合防治研究。庄河市共有对个乡镇，总人口83万余人。我…     

辽宁省庄河地区胃癌高发现场高危人群综合防治研究

胃癌一直是我国重点防治的恶性肿瘤之一.流行病学调查资料表明,我国各地区胃癌死亡率存在明显差异,高发于东南沿海和西北、华北、东北等部分人口众多的农村地区.20世纪80年代中期,我国胃癌高发地区先后建立了研究现场,全面开展了中国胃癌高发区病因学、流行病学及综合防治研究.本文重点对二十年来辽宁庄河胃癌高发现场建设及胃癌高危人群综合防治研究情况做一分析.     

国家“八五”肿瘤防治研究进展

“八五”恶性肿瘤的综合防治研究科技攻关项目共设立三个课题，共31个专题，具体如下：1．食管癌的现场可疑病因和致病因素的预防研究2，食管癌癌前病变及其阻断的研究3、食管癌高危人群筛查方法及监测技术的研究4．肝癌的综合预防研究吃括改水、防霉的化学预防等）5．乙型肝炎疫苗预防肝癌的阶段性观察指标的研究6．肝癌H级预防现场可行方案的研究7．中国恶性肿瘤死亡调查及监测系统的建立8．鼻咽癌高危人群筛查优化方案与癌前病变及阻断的研究9．大肠癌高发现场病因、筛查方法及早诊、早治的研究10．胃癌高发现场化学病因因素的研究11．…     

广东省设立鼻咽癌诊治研究重点实验室

设立在中山医科大学肿瘤防治中心的“广东鼻咽癌诊治研究重点实验室”目前已通过广东省科委组织的论证。中山医科大学肿瘤防治中心在鼻咽癌流行病学、病因学。病理学、早期诊断和综合治疗等方面进行了40多年的研究。先后承担“六五”、“七五”。”“八五”、‘’九五”国家科技攻及项目、“973”计划项目及“863”计划项目。建立了两个鼻咽癌的高发现场,对鼻咽癌的流行病学、遗传因素、EB病毒、形态学特征、早诊方法、高发现场筛查方案、临床分期、放疗技术的改进以及综合治疗的探讨等方面获得了国家、省部委级科研成果57项。显著提高了…     

党领导下的嘉善县肿瘤防治工作发展历程及成果

摘 要：嘉善县被确定为全国大肠癌防治研究现场以来,在各级党委、政府的关心、支持下,经过嘉善县肿瘤防治人40余年坚持不懈的努力,嘉善县肿瘤防治工作取得了较大的成绩,在肿瘤登记、大肠癌早诊早治方面充分发挥了全国示范基地的引领作用：肿瘤登记数据连续4次被《五大洲癌症发病率》收录;大肠癌早诊早治干预效果显著,大肠癌防治研究项目获得包括国家科技进步二等奖在内的多项奖项。在党的正确领导下,嘉善县肿瘤防治工作将保持持续的发展与进步。     

Cancer in migrants to Argentina

Mortality rates from different cancers in migrants to Argentina from 11 individual countries and 6 groups of countries were compared with those in the Argentina-born population and in their countries of origin. Almost all countries of origin had higher mortality rates from gastric cancer than Argentina, but the risk declines in migrants, and for European migrants becomes similar to that of the Argentina-born. In contrast, mortality from oesophageal cancer is significantly lower in European countries than in Argentina. For cancer of the colon and breast, most countries have lower mortality rates than the Argentina-born, the exceptions being Uruguay and Germany, and migrants demonstrate a convergence of risk towards that of Argentina-born. These results suggest that migrants to Argentina undergo changes in some environmental exposure, probably dietary, which give rise to substantial alterations in cancer risk within their lifespan.     

Cancer in migrants to Uruguay

Mortality rates from different cancers in the principal groups of migrants to Uruguay are compared with those in their countries of origin (Argentina, Brazil, Italy and Spain) and in the Uruguay-born population. Oesophageal cancer is very common in Uruguay and European-born populations, initially at low risk, appear to acquire rather higher rates after migration. For most migrants, the mortality from cancers of the breast, colon-rectum, corpus uteri and prostate is closer to the moderately elevated rates of Uruguay than those in their countries of origin. The results suggest that migrants to Uruguay undergo changes in some important environmental exposures, probably dietary, which give rise to substantial alterations in cancer risk within their lifespan.     

Cancer in relation to occupational exposure to perchloroethylene

Exposure to perchloroethylene (PCE) occurs in a number of occupational settings in which organic solvents are used, and, in particular, is widely prevalent in the dry-cleaning industry. This review summarizes the results of studies of the occurrence of the individual types of cancer in dry cleaners. Two of those cancers of greatest a priori concern (because of results in PCE-exposed experimental animals)-liver cancer and leukemia-have not occurred with increased frequency among persons employed in the dry-cleaning industry. Rates were elevated by about a factor of two for esophageal and bladder cancers, but not increased clearly for any other site. The excess mortality from esophageal cancer was well beyond the limits of chance, based on a total of 23 deaths that occurred in the two principal cohort-studies of dry cleaners. There was some indication of a particularly high risk associated with prolonged employment and a long interval since first employment. However, the possible confounding effect of the combination of cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, a very strong risk factor for the development of esophageal cancer, could be taken into account only partially in these studies. With regard to bladder cancer, the limited data available suggest that the observed increased risk could be due to exposure to other solvents than PCE used in dry cleaning. The potential influence of occupational exposure to PCE on the occurrence of esophageal and bladder cancer needs continued examination in further follow-up of existing cohorts of dry cleaners, the assembly of additional cohorts, and in large case-control studies that ascertain occupational exposures in some detail.Dr Weiss is with the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Address correspondence to Dr Weiss, University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, SC36 Seattle, WA 98195, USA. This work was supported by the Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance.     

Collaborating to Conquer Cancer: A Comprehensive Approach to Cancer Control

Despite substantial contributions on the part of public, non-profit, and private sector organizations, the burden of cancer in the United States remains high. As public health organizations, particularly county, state, tribal, and territorial health departments, try to reduce the significant burden of cancer, they face additional issues that make it difficult to address cancer in a comprehensive way. These challenges along with the need to accelerate progress in reducing the U.S. cancer burden, prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and its national partners to begin to work together to further define and describe comprehensive cancer control (CCC) as an approach to reducing the burden of cancer. CCC is defined as “an integrated and coordinated approach to reducing cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality through prevention, early detection, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliation.” This article describes the national effort to support comprehensive cancer control, outlines national and state level success in comprehensive cancer control, and provides a call to action to public, private, and non-profit organizations, governments of all levels, and individuals to renew their commitments to reducing the burden of cancer.     

Breast Cancer Classification to Select Patients for Cancer Treatment

Gene expression arrays have shown that breast cancer is comprised of at least four different molecular diseases. These are 1) basal-like breast cancer, 2) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)-positive/estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer; 3) luminal A breast cancer; and 4) luminal breast B cancer. Basal-like cancer is characterized by ER-negative, progesterone receptor–negative, and Her2-negative expressions. Luminal breast cancer is characterized by ER-positive expression, with the luminal B subtype exhibiting a higher expression of proliferation genes. Several studies have shown that luminal A breast cancer exhibits a better outcome compared with other classes. Also, recent studies have shown that the same subclass is less chemosensitive. These data suggest that some selected luminal A breast cancer cases could be spared adjuvant chemotherapy given their better outcome and lesser chemosensitivity compared with other subtypes of breast cancer. Although other subtypes are more chemosensitive, there is debate about whether some drugs could be active in specific subtypes. Anthracyclines have been reported to be more effective in Her2-overexpressing breast cancer, and cisplatin is currently under investigation in basal-like breast cancer. Finally, some data suggest that luminal B breast cancer exhibits higher sensitivity to aromatase inhibitors. Overall, molecular classes exhibit different sensitivity to conventional drugs. To what extent these data obtained in retrospective biomarker studies could be implemented in daily practice is a matter of debate given the heterogeneity of findings in different studies.     

Cancer risks in second-generation immigrants to Sweden

We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyze cancer risks in Sweden-born descendants of immigrants from European and North American countries. Our study included close to 600,000 0-66-year-old descendants of an immigrant father or mother. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 17 cancer sites using native Swedes as a reference. All cancer was marginally below the Swedish incidence in offspring of immigrant origin. Decreased SIRs were observed for breast cancer among Norwegian descendants, melanoma among descendants of Hungarian fathers and ovarian and bladder cancer among descendents of Finnish mothers, all consistent with the difference in cancer incidence between Swedes and the indigenous populations. Cervical cancer was increased in daughters of Danish men, whereas thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were in excess in offspring of parents of Yugoslav and Asian descent. Even these results agreed with the high incidence rates in parents compared to Swedes, except that for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma other explanations are needed; these may be related to immune malfunction. Comparison of the results between the first- and the second-generation immigrants suggest that the first 2 decades of life are important in setting the pattern for cancer development in subsequent life. Birth in Sweden sets the Swedish pattern for cancer incidence, irrespective of the nationality of descent, while entering Sweden in the 20s is already too late to influence the environmentally imprinted program for the cancer destiny.     

Cancer in Jewish migrants to Israel.

Data on the incidence of 15 cancers in the Jewish population of Israel from the period 1961-1981 have been studied with emphasis on the risk of disease in relation to birthplace, calendar time, and duration of residence in Israel. The results show wide variations in incidence by birthplace, from less than 2-fold for pancreatic cancer to a 40-fold difference for oesophageal cancer in females; the reasons for these are often little understood. The potential importance of environmental agents in aetiology for different migrant groups is discussed in relation to the size and rapidity of changes in risk related to the duration of residence in Israel.