Blood volume after coronary artery bypass grafting

Summary. Patients with stable angina pectoris are reported to have a markedly reduced blood volume (BV). In the present study, average BV was still 19% less than that predicted in 77 men examined 5 years after coronary artery bypass grafting. Beneficial effects of the operation such as relieved angina, absence of medication, complete revascularization status at repeat angiography, and restored physical fitness were not found to be associated with a normalization of the BV. No significant correlation was found between BV and body weight, heart volume, exercise capacity, ejection fraction or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The reduced BV in patients with angina pectoris after successful revascularization and the absence of correlation with physiological variables indicate a persisting disturbed regulation mechanism.     

Reoperative off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: current outcomes,concerns and controversies

Increasing numbers of patients have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting in the last four decades. As a result, the incidence of reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting is rising. Reoperative procedures pose several technical difficulties and are associated with increased operative risks, which exceed those of the initial revascularization. As the incidence of reoperative procedures is increasing so is the experience of reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting, with the resultant evolution of several alternative strategies to lower the operative risks. These strategies include alternative techniques for re-entry, strict avoidance of graft manipulation to minimize the risk of graft atheroembolism, and modification of the method of myocardial protection, depending on the status of the native coronary circulation and the patency of venous or arterial grafts. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is one such technique that, through the avoidance of inherent risks of cardiopulmonary bypass, has the potential to reduce the morbidity associated with reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting. This article evaluates the current outcomes of reoperative off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, and highlights the concerns and controversies associated with this strategy.     

70例冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的 比较分析体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床效果.方法 回顾2002年1月-2009年2月间我院行冠状动脉旁路移植术70例的临床资料,依据术中采用不同的手术方式分为体外循环组和非体外循环组.并对两组患者的术后临床资料、术后并发症发生情况进行分析.结果 术后非体外循环组发生并发症1例,体外循环组6例;非体外循环组住院死亡1例,体外循环组死亡3例.结论 在多支病变中,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在再血管化的应用上无差别;非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后的死亡率和并发症发生率比体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者低,但是合并瓣膜病或严重的3支血管病变、左主干病变、室壁瘤形成的患者更适宜行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术不能取代体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术患者护理体会

笔报道50例冠状动脉旁路移植术患的护理，阐述了术后在血流动力学监测、呼吸道护理、血管活性药物的应用护理、维持电解质平衡、患肢的护理、心理护理以及出院指导等方面所采取的措施，无1例出现肺部感染等重要并发症，随访5——22月，无死亡及心绞痛发作。认为术后精心监护是减少和预防冠状动脉旁路移植术后并发症的发生，使患顺利康复的重要因素。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术96例治疗总结

目的：总结应用冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗冠心病(CAD)的早期效果和经验。方法：回顾性分析96例CABG。应用体外循环(CPB)74例，非体外循环22例。搭桥数264支。平均2．7支。对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结。结果：本组96例手术，95例患者均痊愈出院，1例死于顽固性快速室上性心律失常伴室性心律失常。术后发生心律失常16例；气胸1例，为呼吸机辅助下自发性气胸；心功能不全32例；二次开胸止血1例；切口感染2例；42例取静脉侧下肢有轻度水肿，2～4个月后消失；胸腔积液11例。上述并发症均给予相应处理后痊愈。术后心绞痛症状消失者61例，明显减轻者29例。无明显改善者6例。92例随访1～41个月，随访率96．8％，所有患者心功能均得到明显改善。结论：合理的选择病人，成熟的手术技术，良好的心肌保护及加强术后管理，能有效提高冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术围手术期护理

目的探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术围手术期护理方法。方法对50例非体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥患者,术前加强心理护理、控制血压、合理氧疗、呼吸功能训练、备选血管的护理等措施,术后加强患者心血管系统和呼吸系统的监测、血管活性药物应用、引流管护理、血糖监测、维持电解质平衡等措施。结果 50例患者中切口感染6例,并发快速型房颤5例,经药物治疗好转。除2例死亡外,其余患者均痊愈出院,无护理并发症。结论冠状动脉搭桥术风险大,细心、细致、周到的护理是保证手术成功的关键。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术38例早期临床分析

目的总结分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的早期临床结果和经验.方法2001年至今本科完成非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术38例,男33例,女5例;年龄44～78岁;左主干病变6例,单支病变2例,双支病变9例,3支病变27例;左心室射血分数平均(0.52±0.16).结果常规正中胸骨切口共行冠状动脉搭桥90支,其中单支6例,双支15例,3支14例,4支3例,乳内动脉桥数为27支,大隐静脉桥数为63支.2例术后使用了主动脉内球囊反搏,住院死亡1例,37例痊愈出院.结论非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术安全可行,手术和术后并发症少,早期临床效果满意,远期效果有待于进一步随访观察.     

心脏镜多支冠状动脉搭桥术的动物实验研究

目的探讨心脏镜即不需辅助小切口的完全内镜下多支冠状动脉搭桥术术式的可行性。方法实验动物为2头猪和24条狗,胸壁打孔,进行多支冠状动脉搭桥手术的操作。结果经过1.5cm的3、4个小孔可以完成右冠状动脉、左冠状动脉、前降支、对角支及回旋支等多支冠状动脉的搭桥手术,并能顺利完成左锁骨下动脉、降主动脉的远端吻合口的吻合操作。结论心脏镜多支冠状动脉搭桥术切实可行,值得进一步研究。不久的将来有可能成为心脏搭桥术的主要术式。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后消化道出血的临床分析

目的 通过对冠状动脉旁路移植术后发生消化道出血的情况进行分析,以确定其发生的危险因素及防治方法.方法 2001年8月至2005年5月共行冠状动脉旁路移植术582例,6例术后发生消化道出血,其中,上消化道出血5例,急性肠系膜缺血坏死出血1例.按照术后有无消化道出血将其分为2组:消化道出血组6例,对照组576例.比较2组术前、术中和术后的临床资料及用逐步逻辑回归分析的方法确定术后消化道出血的危险因素.结果 582例中6例术后发生消化道出血,发生率为1%,全部治愈.消化道出血组年龄≥70岁、术前高血压、术前脑血管病变、术前心肌梗死、心功能分级(NYHA)≥Ⅲ级、术后低心排的概率明显高于对照组(分别为66.7%与21.0%,100%与51.7%,33.3%与8.7%,83.3%与32.1%,50.0%与13.5%,33.3%与7.8%,P均<0.05);消化道出血组年龄明显大于对照组[(72.00±4.15)岁与(62.53±9.31)岁,P<0.05],左心室射血分数明显低于对照组[(55.67±6.50)%与(64.64±9.53)%,P<0.05],术后输血量明显多于对照组[(1115.00±689.89)ml与(663.44±505.34)ml,P<0.05],术后住院时间明显长于对照组[(50.67±41.59)d与(17.42±9.14)d,P<0.01].用逐步逻辑回归分析表明术后消化道出血的危险因素:年龄≥70岁,术前心肌梗死,术前心功能分级≥Ⅲ级(OR值分别为10、948、9.11、11.53,P均<0.05).结论 冠状动脉旁路移植术后消化道出血的早期诊断较困难,评估患者有无发生消化道出血的危险因素有利于进行预防、早期诊断、早期治疗,早期诊断、早期治疗对降低病死率至关重要.     

再次冠状动脉旁路移植术25例总结

目的总结再次冠状动脉旁路移植术(Re-CABG)治疗冠心病的临床经验及手术效果。方法1997年3月~2007年5月共完成Re-CABG手术25例,男22例,女3例;年龄50~72岁,平均(62.5±8.1)岁;2次手术时间间隔3~109个月,平均(48.7±35.2)个月。体外循环Re-CABG手术17例,不停跳非体外循环Re-CABG手术8例。结果全组25例患者恢复顺利,无手术死亡,无心肌梗死,心绞痛症状消失。术后随访8~90个月,平均(38.7±30.6)个月,无心绞痛复发,无冠心病相关事件发生。失访4例。结论正确掌握手术指征和时机,合理应用各种技术和方法及良好围手术期管理,Re-CABG可以取得满意的临床疗效。     

Health-related quality of life after coronary artery bypass grafting

Title.  Health-related quality of life after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Aim.  The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in health-related quality of life and to identify associated factors among patients having coronary artery bypass grafting and their significant others.
Background.  Heart disease and its treatment affects the lives of both patients and their significant others, and the early stage of recovery from surgery causes particular anxiety for both.
Method.  In this longitudinal study, three sets of questionnaire data were collected 1, 6 and 12 months after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery from patients and significant others at one university hospital in Finland in 2001–2005. We recruited all patients who had been admitted for elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery during the period specified. The data consisted of the responses from those patients and significant others who had completed all three questionnaires and for whom patient–significant other pairs existed ( n  = 163).
Findings.  Patients' and their significant others' health-related quality of life was at its lowest one month after the operation and improved during follow-up. The change in the mean health-related quality of life score differed between patients and significant others; the improvement in the patients' health-related quality of life was greater than that in the significant others. Neither the background variables used in the study nor social support were associated with change in health-related quality of life.
Conclusion.  Further research is needed to identify factors explaining the change in health-related quality of life to develop interventions to support patients and significant others.     

冠状动脉搭桥术后病人认知功能改变的研究进展

介绍了冠状动脉搭桥术后病人认知功能改变的现状,重点从社会人口学、社会心理学和疾病相关因素方面综述了国内外学者对冠状动脉搭桥术后病人认知功能改变的影响因素研究,为制订相应的预防措施提供参考。     

冠状动脉搭桥术后症状群轨迹变化研究

目的 探讨冠状动脉搭桥术后患者症状群轨迹的变化,分析与术后症状轨迹变化相关的危险因素.方法 选择行冠状动脉搭桥术患者132例,通过病历和随访获得患者术前,术后1周、6周和3个月的症状评分和一般资料.采用Memorial心力衰竭症状评估量表评估每个症状,潜类别增长模型绘制症状群轨迹图并以多元逻辑回归分析评估影响症状的危险...     

不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的围术期处理

目的 总结我院行不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)患者围术期的处理经验.方法 2007年1月至2008年5月,我院行OPCAB 253例.左主干病变76例(18例为单纯左主干病变,其余58例同时合并其他分支病变),单支病变13例,2支病变32例,3支病变190例.急诊施行OPCAB 18例.手术均经胸骨正中切口,采用冠状动脉固定器、分流栓完成血管吻合.结果 术后死亡3例(1.2%).有11例患者接受主动脉内球囊反搏治疗.术后机械通气时间3～168 h,平均(24.1±22.3)h.ICU停留时间1～14 d,平均(2.8±2.0)d.术后住院8～42 d,平均(15.6±6.3)d.结论 OPCAB适用于绝大多数单纯搭桥病例,经过恰当有效的围术期管理,能够收到满意的疗效.     

冠状动脉旁路术中不同旁路材料的应用体会

目的 :总结冠状动脉旁路移植术中目前几种常用旁路材料的临床应用。方法 :2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月连续 5 6例行冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,旁路材料包括左乳内动脉 (5 6根 )、游离右乳内动脉 (2 1根 )、桡动脉 (3 2根 )和大隐静脉(4 3根 )。回顾分析不同旁路材料的手术结果。结果 :桡动脉移植后旁路血管“线样征”1例 ;无胸骨、前臂并发症 ;下肢切口感染 2例 ,均为糖尿病、大体重患者 ,治疗后痊愈 ;死亡 3例 ,与旁路材料无关 (非体外循环手术因循环状态不稳死亡 1例 ,鱼精蛋白过敏 1例 ,顽固性心律失常 1例 )。结论 :注意旁路材料的取制技巧 ,针对不同病变冠脉血管选取应用不同旁路血管 ,以及术后及时监护处理是保证良好手术结果的关键     

糖尿病对不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的影响

目的 探讨糖尿病对不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者的围术期影响.方法 回顾性分析2006 年9月至2010年7月692例行不停跳CABG患者的临床资料.根据术前是否合并糖尿病分为糖尿病组(276例)及非糖尿病组(416例).围术期严密监测患者的血糖,并给予胰岛素严格控制血糖.采用单因素分析糖尿病与CABG术后疗效、围术期并发症发生率及院内病死率的关系.结果 糖尿病组与非糖尿病组患者切口并发症分别为5.8%(16/276)与4.3%(18/416),输血量分别为(890.7±520.6)ml与(825.2±518.4)ml,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).2组患者术后心律失常(13.0%与13.5%)、围术期肾功能不全(5.1%与2.4%)以及病死率(2.9%与1.9%)差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),糖尿病组患者的主动脉内球囊反搏使用时间[(3.7±1.6)d与(3.5±1.6)d]、呼吸机使用时间[(2.6±1.9)d与(2.4±1.5)d]差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).糖尿病组与非糖尿病组患者住院时间分别为(22.0±8.8)d与(20.6±7.6)d,住院费用分别为(8.11±2.40)万元与(7.63±2.20)万元,2组差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.22、2.71,P均<0.05).结论 糖尿病组与非糖尿病组患者行CABG的围术期并发症及病死率无明显影响,但对患者的住院费用以及住院时间影响较大.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the impact of diabetes on coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)in peroperative patients. Methods Clinical data of 692 CABG patients were collected retrospectively from Sep. 2006 to Jul. 2010. The CABG patients were divided into diabetic group (n = 276) and nondiabetic group (n = 416) according to with the status of diabetes or not before operation. Blood glucose was dynamicaly monitored and treated with insulin to control blood glucose in perioperativeperiod. The postoperative effect,perioperative complication and inhospital case fatality and their relationship with diabetes were analyzed using univariate analysis. Results No significant differences were found regarding the incision complications (5. 8%vs. 4. 3 % , P > 0. 05). The volume of blood transfusion was (890. 7 ± 520. 6) ml in the diabetes group, which was not significantly different from that of (825. 2 ±518. 4)mlin the non-diabetes group (P>0. 05). No significant difference was found on cardiac arrhythmia (13.0% vs. 13. 5%),renal function insufficient (5. 1% vs. 2.4%)and case fatality (2. 9% and 1. 9%) between the diabetes and non-diabetes group (Ps >0. 05). In the diabetes group and non-diabetes group, the duration of IABP (3.7 ± 1. 6) d vs (3.5 ± 1.6)d, use of ventilator (2. 6 ± 1.9)d vs. (2. 4±1.5)d were not sigfnificantly different (Ps >0.05). The length of hospital stay and cost were (22. 0 ±8. 8)d and (8. 11 ±2. 40) thousand RMB in the diabetes group, which were significantly higher than that of (20. 6 ±7. 6)d and (7. 63 ±2. 20) thousand RMB in the non-diabeties group (t =2. 22 and 2. 71 ,Ps <0.05) . Conclusion There are no significant differences in the operative case fatality and complications between patients with diabetes and without nondiabetes. However,diabetes increases hospital stay and expense.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗老年无保护左主干冠状动脉病变的临床分析

目的 分析老年无保护左主干冠状动脉(冠脉)病变(ULMCA)患者行冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)的临床特点及预后.方法 选择经CABG治疗的ULMCA患者176例,根据年龄分为老年组(≥65岁,83例)和非老年组(＜65岁,93例).比较分析两组患者的临床特点、冠脉病变及远期临床预后.结果 老年组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L)明显高于非老年组(28.36±17.20比13.68±7.78,P＜0.01),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L)显著低于非老年组(1.21±0.77比2.48±1.27,P＜0.01).老年组左主干病变平均狭窄程度高于非老年组[(94.56±8.01)％比(87.96±11.10％),P＜0.01],合并多支病变(75.9％比58.1％,P＜0.05)及慢性完全闭塞病变(55.4％比29.0％,P＜0.05)多见.老年组和非老年组远期随访患者心脑血管事件(MACCE)、脑血管事件、心肌梗死、心源性死亡、总死亡事件发生率差异均无统计学意义(16.9％比17.2％,3.6％比3.2％,3.6％比5.4％,6.0％比9.7％,12.0％比8.6％,均P＞0.05).结论 老年ULMCA患者病情相对复杂,对于65岁以上者CABG可行,并且远期临床转归较为满意.