拉米夫定治疗乙型肝炎病毒无症状携带者疗效观察(摘要)

目的:了解拉米夫定对HBV无症状携带者(AsC)HBeAg、HBV DNA阴转的疗效。方法:选择AsC 37例,其HBeAg、HBV DNA均阳性。治疗组用拉米夫定治疗者18例;对照组包括用于扰素治疗者9例和用苦参素治疗者10例。3组患者的年龄、性别、病程皆无显著差别,具有可比性。3组的治疗方法分别为:拉米夫定100mg/次口服,1次/d×90d;干扰素300万单位肌注,每天1次,连续15d后,改为隔日1次×90d;苦参     

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合阿德福韦酯对HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的治疗

目的:分析聚乙二醇干扰素-2a(peginterferon-2a,Peg-IFN-2a)治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎应答不佳者联合阿德福韦酯(adefovirdipivoxil,ADV)治疗48 wk的疗效、安全性,并评价48 wk疗效预测指标.方法:140例患者初始均接受Peg-IFN-2a每周1次皮下注射单药治疗,根据24 wk时HBVDNA水平进行分组.A组90例患者治疗24 wk时HBV DNA≥2.0×103IU/mL且HBV DNA下降≥2 log10 IU/mL,其中A1组45例患者加用ADV治疗至48 wk,A2组45例患者继续Peg-IFN-2a单药治疗至48 wk;B组50例患者治疗24 wk时HBV DNA<2.0×103IU/mL,继续Peg-IFN-2a治疗至48 wk.比较各组基线及治疗中HBV DNA、HBsAg、HBeAg及ALT水平.结果:治疗36、48 wk时HBV DNA转阴率B组>A1组>A2组(P<0.01).治疗36 wk时HBV DNA下降值B组>A1组>A2组(P<0.01).48 wk时HBV DNA下降值A1组>A2组(P<0.01),A1、B组之间差异无统计学意义.治疗24-48 wk期间,A1组HBeAg血清转换率升高幅度>A2组和B组(P<0.01).治疗48 wk时HBsAg下降A1组4例、A2组1例、B组2例.治疗36、48 wk时A1与A2、B组ALT复常率差异无统计学意义.A1组治疗48 wk时HBV DNA阴转与治疗36 wk HBVDNA下降值有关.治疗36 wk时HBV DNA较基线下降值对48 wk时HBV DNA阴转的阳性预测值为90.5%,较24 wk时下降值对48 wk时HBV DNA阴转的阳性预测值为95.7%.结论:Peg-IFN-2a治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎应答不佳者联合ADV治疗提高病毒应答、HBeAg血清转换率,其中治疗36 wk时HBV DNA下降值可预测48 wk疗效.     

替比夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA和HBeAg的动态变化及意义

目的:探讨替比夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者时血清HBV DNA,HBeAg动态变化及其意义。方法:选择2008年1月至2008年12月在我院门诊或住院的HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者56例,所有患者均给予素比夫治疗6个月。治疗过程中分别留取基线、1个月、3个月、6个月的血清,检测HBV DNA载量、HBeAg滴度。结果:HBV DNA在不同时间转阴的3组患者,1个月、3个月、6个月时HBeAg滴度逐渐降低,组内差异有统计学意义。HBeAg转阴和未转阴组HBV DNA均随治疗时间延长而下降。结论:HBeAg转阴的患者,HBV DNA可维持阴性;HBeAg未转阴的患者,应延长疗程,使HBV DNA载量逐渐下降。     

替比夫定对乙型肝炎病毒高载量孕妇母婴传播的阻断效果及其安全性

目的 评价妊娠中晚期应用替比夫定阻断HBeAg阳性且高病毒载量孕妇母婴传播的安全性及有效性.方法 选择孕20 ～ 32周,HBeAg阳性、HBV DNA＞ 1.0× 107拷贝/ml孕妇,按患者意愿分替比夫定组和对照组,替比夫定组予替比夫定600 mg/d口服抗病毒治疗直至产后4周或产后继续服用,对照组患者不用抗病毒药物,肝功能异常者使用复方甘草酸苷.两组婴儿产后均接受主、被动联合免疫,出生后12h内、15d注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白200 IU及0、1、6个月注射乙型肝炎疫苗20 μg.婴儿7月龄时HBsAg及HBV DNA阳性者为HBV宫内感染. 结果 共纳入220例孕妇,其中替比夫定组120例,对照组100例.替比夫定治疗者均在美国抗逆转录酶药物妊娠登记处注册.分娩前替比夫定组孕妇HBV DNA、HBeAg、ALT水平下降明显.替比夫定组HBV DNA定量于治疗2周迅速下降,之后缓慢下降直至分娩.至分娩前替比夫定抗病毒孕妇有37例HBV DNA定量转阴,转阴率达31％ (37/120),而对照组无一例转阴.随访至7月龄,替比夫定组婴儿HBV宫内感染率为0,显著低于对照组8％ (P=0.002).替比夫定组无一例母儿因不良反应或先天性畸形失访.80例替比夫定治疗者于产后4周停药,随访至产后28周无一例发生严重肝功能损害.两组孕妇产后出血、不良妊娠、剖宫产率及新生儿胎龄、身长、体质量、Apgar评分,差异无统计学意义. 结论 HBeAg阳性、HBV DNA高滴度孕妇妊娠中晚期应用替比夫定抗病毒治疗能明显降低母亲外周血HBV DNA定量,阻断HBV母婴传播,且耐受性和安全性良好.     

黄白珠草合剂联合穴位注射疗法治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床研究

目的:探讨黄白珠草合剂联合穴位注射疗法治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效.方法:选择慢性乙型肝炎123例,随机分为3组,治疗组42例,采用黄白珠草合剂联合胸腺肽穴位注射疗法治疗;对照A组40例,只应用黄白珠草合剂;对照B组只采用胸腺肽穴位注射,疗程均为6个月.结果:在HBeAg和HBeAb的血清转换及HBV DNA转阴方面,治疗组明显优于两对照组,统计学处理差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01);在肝功能复常方面,治疗组优于两对照组,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:黄白珠草合剂联合胸腺肽足三里穴位注射治疗慢性乙型肝炎具有较好的治疗效果.     

参灵肝康胶囊联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎临床观察

目的:观察参灵肝康胶囊联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的临床疗效.方法:将112例CHB患者随机分为两组.治疗组56例,口服阿德福韦酯胶囊(10mg/次,1次/d,共服18个月)和参灵肝康胶囊(4粒/次,3次/d,持续18个月);对照组56例,与治疗组同疗程同剂量口服阿德福韦酯胶囊.结果:治疗结束后,治疗组患者肝功能生化学指标改善明显好于对照组,两组相比差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);治疗组HBeAg转阴率为48.2％,HBeAg/HBeAb血清转换率为42.9％,HBV DNA转阴率为78.57％,对照组HBeAg转阴率为39.3％,HBeAg/HBeAb血清转换率为32.1％,HBV DNA转阴率为64.29％,两组相比差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论:参灵肝康胶囊联合阿德福韦酯治疗CHB安全有效,具有较好的持久恢复肝功能和抗病毒的疗效.     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎90例

目的:观察拉米夫定对血清HBsAg、HBeAg、HBV DNA阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效。方法:180例HBsAg、HBeAg、HBV DNA阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分成对照组(90例)和治疗组(90例)。对照组采用一般保肝、降酶综合治疗;治疗组在对照组综合治疗基础上每日口服拉米夫定100mg,疗程1年。结果:对照组、治疗组患者ALT复常率分别为77例(85.6％)、79例(87.8％),两组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。对照组7例(7.8％)血清HBV DNA阴转,5例(5.6％)血清HBeAg阴转,2例(2.2％)出现HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换;治疗组78例(86.7％)血清HBV DNA阴转,64例(71.1％)血清HBeAg阴转,44例(48.9％)出现HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换;两组差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.005～P<0.001)。结论:拉米夫定能有效抑制HBV DNA复制,促使患者HBeAg转阴、HBBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换;但也有部分病例治疗无效和出现YMDD病毒变异。     

HBsAg阳性孕妇免疫接种阻断HBV宫内感染疗效的Meta分析

目的 评价HBsAg阳性孕妇产前应用乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)或联用乙肝疫苗阻断胎儿HBV宫内感染的有效性及安全性.方法 计算机检索6个数据库,手检9种期刊,并追查参考文献,纳入国内外符合纳入标准的随机对照试验和半随机对照试验,由两名评价员独立筛查文献,评价质量和提取资料.用Revman 4.2.10软件分析数据.采用χ2检验鉴定研究间异质性,使用固定效应或随机效应模型合并结果.结果 HBsAg阳性/HBsAg和HBeAg均阳性孕妇孕期应用HBIG总剂量600 IU,胎儿HBV宫内感染率＜空白对照组(RR=0.42, 95%CI= 0.21～0.83, P=0.01),新生儿HBV DNA阳性率低于空白对照组(RR=0.30, 95%CI=0.10～0.85, P=0.02),新生儿HBeAg阳性率Anti-HBs阳性率与空白组比较差异无统计学意义;总剂量大于600 IU时,宫内感染率＜空白对照组(RR=0.39, 95%CI=0.26～0.58, P＜0.000 01),新生儿Anti-HBs阳性率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义.HBsAg和HBeAg均阳性孕妇孕期应用HBIG总剂量＞600 IU,胎儿HBV宫内感染率、新生儿HBeAg阳性率、新生儿HBV DNA阳性率、新生儿Anti-HBs阳性率与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义;总剂量600 IU组新生儿HBeAg阳性率和新生儿HBV DNA阳性率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义.结论 HBsAg阳性/HBsAg和HBeAg均阳性孕妇孕期应用HBIG可降低胎儿HBV宫内感染率;HBsAg和HBeAg均阳性孕妇孕期应用HBIG阻断宫内感染的疗效尚不清楚.     

树突状细胞治疗HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者的临床观察

目的:观察树突状细胞疫苗对HBeAg(-)慢性乙型肝炎的治疗效果.方法:HBV抗原肽致敏的树突状细胞.1次/mo sc于17例HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者,6次后改为HBV抗原肽和乙肝免疫球蛋白各注射1次/mo,连用6 mo.每6月复查肝功能,乙肝标志,HBV DNA定量及B超.结果:HBV DNA转阴5例(29.4%),HBV DNA下降2例(11.8%),肝功能复常4例(23.5%).结论:HBV抗原肽冲击的树突状细胞疫苗可应用于HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎的治疗.     

慢性HBV携带孕妇产后自发HBeAg和HBsAg血清清除或转换的病毒学因素分析

探讨影响慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带孕妇产后自发HBeAg和HBsAg血清清除或转换的相关病毒学特征。方法2002年8月～2004年7月本院诊断的慢性HBV携带孕妇,自2009年10月～2010年3月间随访,检测HBV血清学标志和病毒相关特性。结果在本组419例慢性HBV携带孕妇中,经随访平均6.4年,失访155例。在接受随访的264例（63.0%）中,76例（28.8%）孕期在入组时HBeAg阳性,其中42例（55.3%）随访时发生自发HBeAg转换,这些孕妇孕期HBV DNA、HBeAg 和HBsAg均低于34例未转换组（P值均〈0.01）。在6例血清HBV DNA 〈1×106 IU/ml、17例HBeAg 〈700 S/CO和13例HBsAg 〈1×104 IU/ml孕妇中,随访时自发HBeAg转换分别高达100.0%、100.0%和92.3%。随访时,38例（14.4%）孕妇自发HBsAg清除,HBsAg清除组孕期HB-sAg水平明显低于226例未清除组（P〈0.001）。在25例血清HBsAg 〈100 IU/mL孕妇中,随访时56.0%自发HBsAg清除。结论外周血HBV DNA载量低（〈1×106 IU/ml）、HBeAg水平低（〈700 S/CO）或HBsAg水平低（〈1×104 IU/ml）是自发HBeAg血清转换的有利因素,而当HBsAg 〈100 IU/mL时,更易发生自发HBsAg血清清除。     

Hepatitis B Core Antigen Expression in Hepatocytes Reflects Viral Response to Entecavir in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

Background/Aims

Hepatitis B core antigen is known to be a major target for virus-specific T cells and also reflects the progression of liver dissease and viral replication. Hepatitis B core antigen expression in hepatocytes leads to altered histological activity, viral replication, and immune response. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the topographical distribution of hepatitis B core antigen expression can predict the viral response to entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Methods

We enrolled 91 patients with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B. All the patients underwent liver biopsy, and the existence and pattern of hepatitis B core antigen evaluated by immunohistochemistry. All patients received 0.5 mg of entecavir daily following a liver biopsy. We checked the viral response at 3, 6, and 12 months during antiviral therapy.

Results

Of the 91 patients, 64 (70.3%) had hepatitis B core antigen expression. Of the subcellular patterns, the mixed type was dominant (n=48, 75%). The viral response was significantly higher in the hepatitis B core antigen-negative group than in the hepatitis B core antigen-positive group (88.9% and 54.7%, respectively; p=0.001) after 12 months of entecavir therapy.

Conclusions

Chronic hepatitis B patients who are hepatitis B core antigen-negative have a better response to entecavir therapy than do hepatitis B core antigen-positive patients.     

A Review of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Immunopathogenesis

Despite the advances in therapy, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) still represent a significant global health burden, both as major causes of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death worldwide. HBV is capable of incorporating its covalently closed circular DNA into the host cell’s hepatocyte genome, making it rather difficult to eradicate its chronic stage. Successful viral clearance depends on the complex interactions between the virus and host’s innate and adaptive immune response. One encouraging fact on hepatitis B is the development and effective distribution of the HBV vaccine. This has significantly reduced the spread of this virus. HCV is a RNA virus with high mutagenic capacity, thus enabling it to evade the immune system and have a high rate of chronic progression. High levels of HCV heterogeneity and its mutagenic capacity have made it difficult to create an effective vaccine. The recent advent of direct acting antivirals has ushered in a new era in hepatitis C therapy. Sustained virologic response is achieved with DAAs in 85–99% of cases. However, this still leads to a large population of treatment failures, so further advances in therapy are still needed. This article reviews the immunopathogenesis of HBV and HCV, their properties contributing to host immune system avoidance, chronic disease progression, vaccine efficacy and limitations, as well as treatment options and common pitfalls of said therapy.     

Hepatitis B Splice-Generated Protein Antibodies in Syrian Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: Incidence and Significance

Background:

Previous studies have suggested hepatitis B splice-generated protein (HBSP), when expressed, is involved in the pathogenesis of HBV infection.

Objectives:

We aimed to evaluate anti-HBSP incidence and association with several HBV infection parameters in a group of Syrian chronic hepatitis B patients.

Patients and Methods:

Eighty treatment-naïve HBsAg-positive adult chronic hepatitis B patients'' sera were included in our prospective targeted study. Liver function, virological and histological tests results were obtained from patients’ medical files. Three variants of a 20-mer HBSP-derived peptide were designed based on HBV genome sequences obtained from Syrian patients'' sera (GenBank Accession No. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide-range","attrs":{"text":"JN257148-JN257217","start_term":"JN257148","end_term":"JN257217","start_term_id":"364505024","end_term_id":"364505559"}}JN257148-JN257217). Microtiter plate wells were coated with the synthetic peptides and used to detect anti-HBSP antibodies by an optimized indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were considered positive when showed optical density (OD) values higher than the cut-off value for at least one peptide variant.

Results:

Seven out of eighty (9%) CHB patients were positive for anti-HBSP antibodies. Mean OD values were not significantly different between HBeAg-positive and -negative patients (P > 0.05). OD values showed weak positive correlation with ALT and AST values (P < 0.05), and weak to moderate positive correlation with liver biopsy staging ranks (P < 0.05). No significant correlation was revealed with viral load values or liver biopsy grading ranks (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

We introduced an anti-HBSP antibodies ELISA, designed for locally circulating HBV strains. Correlation observed of Anti-HBSP with liver fibrosis staging regardless of viral replication and liver inflammation suggests anti-HBSP antibodies as possible indicator for HBV-associated liver fibrosis.     

Combination Therapy in Liver Transplant Recipients with Hepatitis B Virus Without Hepatitis B Immune Globulin

Introduction: Conventional therapy to prevent HBV recurrence in liver transplant (LTx) recipients consists of Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIg). The aim of this review is to investigate the safety and efficacy of converting HBIg and LAM therapy to ADV and LAM therapy. Methods: A retrospective review involving all liver transplant patients with HBV maintained on HBIg and LAM therapy. Results collected included: gender, age, HBV serological and DNA status (COBAS AmpliScreen PCR-based testing). Serologic testing was done every three months. Patients were followed for drug reactions, therapy compliance, and immune suppression compliance. A cost benefit analysis was done for drug comparisons using United States currency values. Results: Patient demographics included: Male (n=6), Female (n=4), mean age 44 years (range 33 to 65). The mean length of follow up since therapy conversion (from HBIg and LMV to ADV and LMV) was 21 months (range 16 to 25 months). Serological status at time of conversion revealed that DNA status remained negative in all patients, HBsAg negative in 10/10, HB eAg (+) (5/10) and HBeAb (+)(5/10). None of the patients experienced an increase in transaminases while on dual ADV and LAM therapy. All patients were maintained on immune suppression monotherapy (tacrolimus) at 7–9 ng/mL. All patients reported compliance with the dual therapy and that they experienced no drug related side effects. Mean yearly costs for ADV and LAM was 7,235.00 United States dollars (range 6,550.00 to 8,225.00); while mean monthly costs for HBIg and LAM; 9225.00 (range 7205.00 to 12005.00). Conclusion: The above results demonstrate beneficial effects of ADV and LAM in place of the current standard of HBIg and LAM therapy. Safety and short term results show nucleoside therapy is adequate at preventing HBV viral recurrence. Lastly, the economic benefit for ADV and LAM vastly outweighed the HBIg and LAM group.