江苏省青少年心理问题现状调查与分析

为了解江苏省青少年心理和健康危险行为状况，根据《中国城市青少年健康危险行为调查方案》，于2008年3～5月在本省5个市160所学校，包括初中、高中、职业中学和大学共33427名在校生进行了青少年心理及健康危险行为问卷调查，现将结果报告如下。     

心理门诊中青少年问题的分析

[目的] 探讨目前青少年心理行为问题的临床特点，促进儿科医生对青少年问题的了解和关注。[方法] 选自综合医院临床心理门诊儿童病例43l例，按年龄阶段和年级分析就诊率、问题种类和原因的构成比。[结果] 11—19岁青少年占就诊儿童总数的75％。高三学生的人数最多(13．9％)，其次是初三学生(11．6％)。行为问题是幼儿园、小学阶段的首要问题。随年级的升高，外在的行为问题减少，而情绪问题则很快增加，性问题和唾眠问题到小学高年级时出现并开始增多，但比例均较低。[结论] 青少年容易出现内隐的情绪问题。儿科医生应扩大服务和研究范围，提高对青少年健康的关心，并需重视促进青少年性心理的健康发展。     

沈阳市青少年健康相关危险行为现状调查

目的了解沈阳市青少年健康相关危险行为状况。方法在沈阳市2所综合性大学、15所高中、15所初中分层抽取6941人,采用匿名问卷方式调查最近1a内的健康相关危险行为。结果沈阳市青少年普遍存在健康相关危险行为,有42.43%的青少年不经常进行体育锻炼、26.65%不遵守交通规则、3.49%曾经自杀、2.90%曾经使用毒品。结论青少年中存在多种易导致伤害的危险行为,应开展相关健康教育并制定干预措施以提高青少年健康水平。     

江苏省青少年相关健康危险行为现状分析

目的了解江苏省12~24岁青少年健康危险行为现状和特点,为预防和控制青少年健康危险行为提供依据。方法统一使用中国疾病预防控制中心提供的"中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷"和调查方法进行现场调查,采用SPSS8.0软件进行统计分析。结果被调查学生中,曾尝试吸烟率为22.7%,吸烟年龄≤13岁的报告率为11.1%,目前吸烟率为9.5%;曾尝试饮酒率为431%,饮酒年龄≤13岁的报告率为23.4%,目前饮酒率为21.4%;吸毒率为0.93%;赌博率为15.0%。结论随着年龄的增长,青少年健康危险行为呈上升趋势。提示应针对不同性别、年龄、城乡学生开展禁烟、控酒、禁赌、禁毒教育,给予他们健康行为指导,增强自我保健意识。     

青少年进食障碍症状与心理行为问题的关联性

【目的】了解青少年进食障碍症状的流行情况,探索进食障碍症状与其他心理行为问题的关联性。【方法】采取整群抽样的方法,抽取上海市四所中学1 358名学生及其家长进行问卷调查。采用进食态度量表评估青少年进食障碍症状,多动症筛查量表家长报告版评估青少年的多动症症状,Achenbach儿童行为评估量表评估其他行为问题。采用多元线性回归分析探讨青少年进食障碍症状的相关因素。【结果】进食障碍症状的检出率为12.81%,其中女生为15.36%,显著高于男生的10.37%(χ~2=19.43,P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,青少年性别(b=2.18,P<0.01)、BMI(b=0.21,P<0.05)、多动症症状(b=0.14,P<0.05)、积极/消极情绪性多吃(b=0.33,P<0.05;b=0.41,P<0.05)与进食障碍的症状水平显著相关。【结论】多动症以及情绪性多吃与进食障碍症状水平密切相关,提示对于进食障碍的干预和治疗,可充分考虑心理行为问题。     

福建省青少年伤害相关危险行为流行现状调查

[目的]了解福建青少年学生与伤害相关危险行为的流行现状。[方法]按照分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取32所中学、中专技工学校和大学的10235名学生作为研究对象,调查与伤害有关的行为。[结果]有5.3%学生有步行违规行为,38.1%骑车违反交通规则,9.0%到非安全场所游泳,19.9%曾经与人打架,5.1%打架受过伤,男生的发生率较高;13.4%有抑郁情绪,15.4%有自杀意念,女生和高中生发生率较高。[结论]应针对不同学校和不同性别学生伤害相关行为发生的特点,开展早期安全教育和心理健康教育,以降低伤害行为的发生。     

南阳市农村青少年健康危险行为现状调查分析

目的了解南阳市农村青少年健康危险行为的现状和流行趋势。方法2006年4月,采取多阶段抽样方法,从南阳市西峡县29所初中、高中、职高中抽取5所学校各年级学生,用统一调查表进行问卷调查,调查内容包括:学生故意和非故意伤害行为,吸烟、饮酒和吸毒等物质成瘾行为,网络成瘾、赌博等成瘾行为,性行为,膳食、运动行为及健康教育情况等。结果调查2249名学生,每天饮用牛奶少于1杯和未吃蔬菜的学生分别为85.0%和24.3%;1个月内不安全骑车和在高速公路上行走的学生分别为60.4%和25.7%,19.6%的学生过去1年到非安全场所游泳,88.2%学生7 d内每天运动时间不足1 h;1年中,31.2%的学生曾打架,有27.5%和39.9%的学生分别有自杀和离家出走意念;17.6%的学生1年内曾醉酒,0.3%和6.4%的学生曾使用过毒品和擅自使用安眠药;38.9%和23.8%的学生上网不能自控和参加过赌博;3.9%的高中和职高学生有性行为史,38.7%和47.4%的高中及职高学生分别曾接受青春期教育和艾滋病知识教育。在打架、吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾、到非安全场所游泳、观看色情书籍及制品等指标中,男女性别间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论农村青少年中健康危险行为问题严重,应加强健康教育和行为干预。     

江苏省青少年吸烟行为现状调查与分析

目的研究江苏省12~24岁青少年吸烟健康危险行为的状况和特点,为预防和控制青少年健康危险行为提供依据。方法统一使用中国疾控中心提供的《中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》和调查方法进行现场调查,采用SPSS 8.0软件统计分析。结果19532名学生曾尝试吸烟率为22.6%,吸烟年龄≤13岁的吸烟率11.1%,目前吸烟率9.5%。并存在地区、性别、不同类型学校、学习成绩之间的差异(P<0.05)。结论我省青少年吸烟健康危险行为存在“六高”现象,即经济发达地区高于经济欠发达地区,男生高于女生,城市高于农村,普通学校高于重点学校,住校生高于走读生,大学生高于中学生(中专生)。并随着年龄的增长或学业的升级呈上升趋势。必须抓好学校健康教育,给予他们正确健康行为指导,不断提高全省青少年健康知识,增强自我保健意识。     

分析青少年心理保健状况及干预对策

目的：分析青少年心理保健状况以及临床干预措施。方法：调查分析某中学初一到初三三个年级学生心理保健状况。结果：初一学生的心理异常率为37．2％,初二学生心理异常率为39．2％,初三学生心理异常率为48．0％,初三学生的心理异常率较高,与其他年级相比（P〈0．05）,同时初三学生心理健康量表总平均评分为（2．03±0．74）,初三年级评分明显高于其他年级（P〈0．05）,差异有统计学意义。结论：青少年学生心理存在不同程度的心理问题,尤其是初三学生,因此针对青少年学生的心理问题给予针对性护理干预,对保证青少年健康学习成长具有重要的意义。     

青少年健康危险行为研究与干预现状

当今，青少年的一些不良行为越来越引起人们的关注，如吸烟、酗酒、药物滥用、过早的不安全的性行为、不合理的膳食、缺乏体育锻炼以及各种导致意外伤害的行为。这些不良行为直接或潜在地威胁着青少年现在及将来的健康，被统称为“健康危险行为”。近年来青少年的健康危险行为有增加的趋势。因此，及早地、有针对性地对青少年进行健康教育是十分必要的。     

Dietary and physical activity behaviors of middle school youth: the youth physical activity and nutrition survey

BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a national epidemic among youth. Declining physical activity and poor nutrition contribute to this epidemic. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on middle school students' physical activity and nutrition knowledge and practices. METHODS: The Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey was developed and distributed to a probability sample of Florida public middle schools (n = 73) in spring 2003, producing data from 4,452 students in grades 6-8. RESULTS: Results showed that less than one fourth of youth met expert recommendations for daily fruit and vegetable intake and less than one fifth identified the daily fruit and vegetable serving recommendation. Less than half of students reported eating breakfast daily. More non-Hispanic black youth reported not engaging in vigorous or moderate physical activity during the previous 7 days, and more girls and Hispanic youth reported not attending any physical education classes during the average school week. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that dietary and physical activity behaviors and knowledge among these middle school youth are setting the stage for the obesity epidemic to continue.     

Use of the youth risk behavior survey to monitor trends for nutrition and physical activity in a Midwest city school district

BACKGROUND: The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was used by a city school district (approximately 11,000 students) in the upper Midwest to monitor trends for nutrition and physical activity (PA) behaviors both within and between years and to compare with national 2003 data. METHODS: Independent random samples were obtained in 1999 (387 middle school [MS] and 931 high school [HS]), in 2001 (322 MS and 367 HS), and in 2003 (658 MS and 1026 HS). A two-sample test of proportions was used. RESULTS: Within each survey year, a higher proportion of MS compared to HS reported positive behaviors with some exceptions: (1) an increased proportion of HS having daily physical education (PE) and (2) a reduced proportion of HS reporting media time. Within 2003, a lower proportion of district females compared to males (MS and HS) reported participation in many measured behaviors. District trends overtime indicated a reduced proportion: (1) drinking milk (MS and HS), (2) eating breakfast (HS), and (3) watching television (MS). Trends overtime indicated an increased proportion: (1) using computers for fun (MS and HS), (2) participating in moderate PA (MS), and (3) daily PE (HS). District HS compared to national (2003) indicated a higher proportion: (1) drinking milk, (2) getting moderate PA, and (3) taking daily PE. District HS compared to national indicated a lower proportion: (1) at risk of overweight, (2) overweight, and (3) watching television. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of district YRBS trends provides both a database for informed decisions by the school district and an assessment model for other districts.     

Relationship between physical disabilities or long-term health problems and health risk behaviors or conditions among US high school students

BACKGROUND: This study explores the relationship between self-reported physical disabilities or long-term health problems and health risk behaviors or adverse health conditions (self-reported engagement in violent behaviors, attempted suicide, cigarette smoking, alcohol and other drug use, sexual activity, physical activity, dietary behaviors, self-reported overweight [based on height and weight], physical health, and mental health) among US high school students. METHODS: Data were from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2005 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional paper-and-pencil survey collected from a representative sample of public and private high school students (grades 9 through 12) in the United States. RESULTS: Significantly more students with physical disabilities or long-term health problems than without described their health as fair or poor and reported being in a physical fight, being forced to have sexual intercourse, feeling sad or hopeless, seriously considering and attempting suicide, cigarette smoking, using alcohol and marijuana, engaging in sexual activity, using computers 3 or more hours per day, and being overweight (for all, p < or = .05). For none of the health risk behaviors analyzed were the rates significantly lower among students with physical disabilities or long-term health problems than among other students. CONCLUSIONS: Young people who live with physical disabilities or long-term health problems may be at greater risk for poor health outcomes. Public health and school health programs, with guidance from health care providers, need to work with these adolescents and their families to develop and implement appropriate interventions, with particular emphasis on promoting mental health.     

High school youth and suicide risk: exploring protection afforded through physical activity and sport participation

Background: Suicide ranks as the third leading cause of death for adolescents. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that the adolescent suicide rate increased 18% between 2003 and 2004. Sport may represent a promising protective factor against adolescent suicide. This study examined the relative risk of hopelessness and suicidality associated with physical activity and sport participation. Methods: Data from the CDC’s 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey were analyzed. Logistic regression modeling was used to compare the odds of hopelessness and suicidality in students who engaged in various levels of physical activity to inactive students. Similar analyses were performed comparing risks of athletes to nonathletes, and the risks of highly involved athletes to nonathletes. Results: Findings showed that frequent, vigorous activity reduced the risk of hopelessness and suicidality among male adolescents. However, low levels of activity actually increased the risk of feeling hopeless among young females. Yet, for both males and females, sport participation protected against hopelessness and suicidality. Conclusion: These findings indicate that involvement in sport confers unique psychosocial benefits that protect adolescents against suicidality. Findings suggest that mechanisms other than physical activity contribute to the protective association between sport and reduced suicidality. Social support and integration may account for some of the differences found in suicidality between athletes and nonathletes.     

宫颈炎患者宫颈癌筛查前后心理状态变化及心理干预研究

目的 研究宫颈炎患者宫颈癌筛查前后心理状态变化及采取心理干预措施的临床价值.方法 选取2014年10月至2015年10月西安交通大学第一附属医院76例进行宫颈癌筛查的宫颈炎患者为研究对象,将患者抽签随机分为观察组与对照组各38例.对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在对照组的基础上另行心理护理干预.对比两组干预前后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及恐惧视觉模拟评分法(FAVS)评分,并记录患者收缩压、舒张压、脉搏等基础体征变化.结果 两组干预后HAMA、SDS、FAVS评分均低于干预前(t值分别为12.029、12.029、12.029、5.298、11.619、5.323,均P<0.05),且干预后观察组均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为6.723、8.252、7.852,均P<0.05).两组干预后收缩压、舒张压、脉搏跳动次数均低于干预前(t值分别为9.585、6.355、8.221、2.164、5.409、2.805,均P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.533、3.533、5.165,均P<0.05).结论 宫颈炎患者宫颈癌筛查过程中易产生恐惧、焦虑等不良心理情绪,采取有效的心理护理措施可缓解其不良心理,维持基础体征稳定,有利于疾病的后续治疗,可为临床护理工作开展提供一定依据.     

罗森塔尔效应对青少年脊柱侧弯手术患者心理状态及自我管理能力的影响

目的 观察青少年脊柱侧弯手术患者采取罗森塔尔效应护理对其心理状态和自我管理能力的影响。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年6月本院收治的74例青少年脊柱侧弯手术患者作为研究对象,依据随机数表法分为对照组与观察组,各37例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采取罗森塔尔效应护理,对比2组患者心理状态以及自我管理能力。结果 观察组干预后焦虑自评量表评分(34.27±5.25)、抑郁自评量表评分(35.54±5.17)较对照组(52.35±5.56、53.45±5.86)低,自我管理能力评分较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 青少年脊柱侧弯手术患者采取罗森塔尔效应护理效果较好,可改善患者心理状态,提升自我管理能力。     

新疆宫颈癌患者心理健康调查及社会心理高危因素研究

目的 探究与分析新疆宫颈癌患者心理健康状况及社会心理高危因素.方法 选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院自2014年5月至2016年5月收治的150例新疆宫颈癌患者作为观察组,另选择来我院体检的150例健康成年妇女作为对照组,对比两组Zung抑郁及焦虑自评量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMD)、90项症状自评量表SCL-90、艾森克EPQ-人格测试量表、社会支持量表(SSRS).结果 观察组焦虑量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为5.56、5.90,均P<0.05);观察组HAMA量表及HAMD量表评分高于对照组,差异统计学意义(t值分别为5.98、5.54,均P<0.05);观察组躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧、敌对、偏执、精神病性及其他评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=5.23~7.56,均P<0.05).观察组精神质(P)维度、内-外向(E)维度、神经质(N)维度、掩饰(L)维度评分高于对照组,主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.46~8.12,均P<0.05).新疆地区宫颈癌患者焦虑、抑郁得分与人格中各维度均具有明显的正相关性(r=0.363~0.466,均P<0.05).新疆地区宫颈癌患者焦虑、抑郁得分与社会支持水平中各维度均具有明显的负相关性(r=-0.526~-0.287,均P<0.05).结论 新疆宫颈癌患者的心理健康较健康成年女性差,存在诸多因素对其心理状态造成影响,临床医生需要针对此类状态给予积极的缓解,促进改善患者的生存质量.     

社会心理咨询的现状研究

目的:探讨目前社会心理咨询存在的问题.方法:调查某个咨询机构的156名来访者的基本资料和咨询情况进行频数统计和类属分析.结果:咨询机构经营处于亏损状态,咨询人流量少,而且以一次咨询居多,咨询脱落率高,咨询技术单一.结论:我国心理咨询行业总体来说还是处于缓慢发展阶段,应增强人们维护心理健康的意识,同时提高咨询师的专业技能和职业素质.