交联型猪脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植的临床应用

目的:观察交联型异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤早期切痂创面的疗效。方法:选择2001-09/2006-10在珠海市人民医院暨南大学医学院第三附属医院整形烧伤科就诊的中面积和大面积深度烧伤患者16例共48个观测创面,患者均知情同意。患者于伤后3～5d休克期平稳渡过后行肢体创面切痂术,自体微粒皮移植组观测24个创面,均位于复合皮移植组创面的邻近或对侧肢体相同部位。①复合皮移植组:切痂创面用交联型异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质(由江苏启东医疗用品研究所提供) 自体微粒皮复合移植 异体皮覆盖。②自体微粒皮移植组:切痂创面用自体微粒皮移植 异体皮覆盖。术后6周异体皮脱落,两组散在肉芽创面行小邮票状皮片补充移植修复创面。术后定期观察创面愈合情况,计算创面愈合率及收缩率,并行创面组织学检测。结果:两组48个创面均进入结果分析,无脱落。①两组异体皮成活情况相近。②术后6周,复合皮移植组患者的创面愈合率均显著低于自体微粒皮移植组(P<0.05);经补充植皮后即术后8周两组创面愈合率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③移植术后6,8,12周,复合皮移植组患者的移植创面收缩率均显著低于自体微粒皮移植组[(10.28±2.36)%,(16.25±3.78)%;(15.68±1.79)%,(30.42±3.65)%;(22.07±1.39)%,(42.83±2.74)%(P<0.05)]。④术后8周组织学观察结果显示,复合皮移植组创面愈合处上皮化良好,胶原纤维排列有序,基底膜结构完整;自体微粒皮移植组上皮层仍较薄,细胞分化不良,真皮内胶原排列较紊乱。结论:交联型异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤早期切痂创面,能够抑制瘢痕增生,改善创面愈合质量,疗效满意。     

烧伤切痂微粒皮移植72例分析

目的：探讨对大面积深度烧伤切痂微粒皮肤移植异体皮覆盖方法的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析1989年1月－1999年12月共72例手术切痂微粒皮移植的临床资料。结果：微粒皮移植术后创面一次覆盖达90％以上者22例,13例术后创面愈合小于60％,需后期多次换药肉芽创面游离植皮术。50例存活,22例死亡者主要原因为创面胞毒症和多脏器衰竭。结论：影响微粒皮移植的因素除了年龄、烧伤面积和深度、早期是否合并吸入性损伤和烧伤休克外,手术切痂时机,异体皮的质量、微粒皮的密度和围手术期的处理是保证手术成功的关键因素。     

应用异体甘油保存皮与自体微粒皮复合移植治疗大面积深度烧伤

目的 寻找深度大面积烧伤的早期治疗方法。方法 大面积深度烧伤于4～5天即行切痂,以异体甘油皮为支架,将有限的自体皮制作成微粒皮后均匀地复合植于创面。结果 对8例共14个肢体2个躯干进行早期切痂后异体甘油皮＋自体微粒皮的复合移植,成活后的创面平坦、外观平整、颜色淡红或近似正常皮肤,触软、收缩少。结论 异体甘油保存皮＋自体微粒皮复合移植是大面积深度烧伤较理想的治疗方法。     

分批次微粒皮移植治疗大面积深度烧伤患者临床效果观察

目的观察大面积烧伤患者采用一期四肢切削痂自体微粒皮移植术与分次切削痂自体微粒皮移植术两种手术方法的临床效果。方法大面积烧伤患者12例作为观察组,手术分2次进行,首次优选2个肢体,创面切削痂后自体微粒皮移植加脱细胞异种真皮基质覆盖,7¹2 d后剩余2个肢体再行相同手术方法治疗;大面积烧伤患者13例作为对照组,四肢行切削痂自体微粒皮移植加脱细胞异种真皮基质覆盖一期完成。对比观察两组病例一般情况、手术时间、手术人数、术中切削痂面积、术中输液总量、输注浓缩红细胞数量、30 d皮肤愈合率、痊愈时间、创面脓毒症、死亡率、住院费用。结果两组一般情况及总手术植皮面积、手术人数,差异无统计学意义。观察组每次手术时间、术中输液量、RBC用量较对照组有统计学差异(P<0.05),术后30 d皮肤愈合率提高,痊愈时间、创面脓毒症、死亡率、住院费用较对照组有统计学差异(P<0.05),单次手术时间缩短1.135 h,平均手术次数减少0.5次。结论大面积烧伤患者行四肢分次切削痂自体微粒移植加异种皮移植治疗,可明显减轻对患者的二次打击,同时保证了自体微粒皮移植密度,从而促进了创面愈合,减少术后并发症发生率,提高了此类患者的救治成功率。     

新鲜条状猪皮覆盖自体微粒皮治疗大面积深度烧伤的临床观察

大面积深度烧伤后早期切(削)痂植皮、尽早修复创面是整个救治过程中的重要环节。自体皮源不足是大面积深度烧伤创面修复所面临的关键性难题,由于微粒皮移植技术的运用大大节省了自体皮源,而成为大面积深度烧伤创面修复的有效方法之一。但经典的微粒皮移植术需以大张的同种异体皮肤为覆盖物,因异体皮来源困难且价格昂贵使该法广泛运用受到限制,尤其在基层医疗单位开展困难,2 0 0 0 - 0 9～2 0 0 3- 0 9间,笔者采用喷洒法皮粒播植术[1] ,并以自制新鲜条状猪皮作为创面覆盖物治疗大面积深度烧伤患者8例,取得良好效果,报道如下。1　资料与方法1 …     

覆盖肉芽创面自体微粒皮移植术修复大面积深度烧伤创面的临床效果

目的探讨覆盖肉芽创面自体微粒皮移植术修复大面积深度烧伤创面的临床效果。方法我院122例行自体微粒皮移植术治疗的大面积深度烧伤患者,其中58例行传统自体微粒皮移植术(对照组),64例行覆盖肉芽创面自体微粒皮移植术治疗(观察组),比较两组术后恢复情况(二次植皮手术率、首次术后创面Ⅰ期愈合率、创面愈合时间、住院时间)及脓毒症、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)发生情况,比较出院时及术后3、6个月创面瘢痕情况[温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)、患者瘢痕评价量表(PSAS)]及日常活动能力[改良Barthel指数(MBI)]。结果观察组二次植皮手术率、创面愈合时间、住院时间、脓毒症及MODS发生率均低于对照组,首次术后创面Ⅰ期愈合率高于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后创面VSS、PSAS评分均逐步降低,出院时及术后3、6个月,观察组创面VSS、PSAS评分均低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后MBI评分均逐步升高,出院时,观察组MBI评分高于对照组(P0.05);两组术后3、6个月MBI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论覆盖肉芽创面自体微粒皮移植术修复大面积深度烧伤创面效果显著,安全性较高,具有良好应用前景。     

脱细胞猪皮为覆盖物的微粒皮移植修复大面积深度烧伤创面

背景：目前用作微粒皮的覆盖物除异体皮外包括猪皮、羊皮、自体焦痂、凡士林油纱布等,由于猪皮皮肤结构与人体相近似,价廉易得,是目前使用较为广泛的微粒皮覆盖物。目的：观察脱细胞猪皮为覆盖物的微粒皮移植术运用于大面积深度烧伤治疗中的临床效果。方法：对15例大面积深度烧伤患者采用早期切（削）痂术或肉芽创面清创后,行自体微粒皮移植、以脱细胞猪皮为覆盖物,移植后观察覆盖物脱落以及创面修复情况进行回顾性分析。结果与结论：术后脱细胞猪皮与创面粘贴良好,术后5～7d首次换药见脱细胞猪皮呈黄褐色或紫黑色,脱水干燥,猪皮下偶有少量积液,开窗引流后猪皮未溶解脱落;三至四周脱细胞猪皮干燥坏死、与创面逐步分离,猪皮脱落后创面完全愈合,鲜有创面裸露,创面愈合后瘢痕较轻,外观及弹性可。提示,脱细胞猪皮可替代大张异体皮成为微粒皮移植术的理想覆盖物,可使大面积深度烧伤创面修复达到较为理想的效果。     

脱细胞猪皮为覆盖物的微粒皮移植修复大面积深度烧伤创面

背景:目前用作微粒皮的覆盖物除异体皮外包括猪皮、羊皮、自体焦痂、凡士林油纱布等,由于猪皮皮肤结构与人体相近似,价廉易得,是目前使用较为广泛的微粒皮覆盖物。目的:观察脱细胞猪皮为覆盖物的微粒皮移植术运用于大面积深度烧伤治疗中的临床效果。方法:对15例大面积深度烧伤患者采用早期切(削)痂术或肉芽创面清创后,行自体微粒皮移植、以脱细胞猪皮为覆盖物,移植后观察覆盖物脱落以及创面修复情况进行回顾性分析。结果与结论:术后脱细胞猪皮与创面粘贴良好,术后5～7d首次换药见脱细胞猪皮呈黄褐色或紫黑色,脱水干燥,猪皮下偶有少量积液,开窗引流后猪皮未溶解脱落;三至四周脱细胞猪皮干燥坏死、与创面逐步分离,猪皮脱落后创面完全愈合,鲜有创面裸露,创面愈合后瘢痕较轻,外观及弹性可。提示,脱细胞猪皮可替代大张异体皮成为微粒皮移植术的理想覆盖物,可使大面积深度烧伤创面修复达到较为理想的效果。     

肢体烧伤微粒植皮术后早期大关节功能部位的整复

大面积烧伤皮源受限的情况下,利用少量的自体皮制成微粒皮结合异体皮移植的微粒植皮术,为一种早期覆盖修复创面的有效方法 [1]。我们于四肢切痂微粒植皮术后 2～ 3周,有可利用的供皮区时,积极切除大关节区域的微粒皮,重新以大张自体中厚皮覆盖,取得了良好的治疗结果,现报告如下。 1资料与方法 1.1资料本组 11例患者,男 8例,女 3例。年龄 16～ 73岁,平均年龄 33岁。烧伤面积 81％～ 90％总体表面积 (TBSA),其中Ⅲ度为 41％～ 59％。 1.2方法 (1)于伤后 1周内行第 1次四肢深Ⅱ度及Ⅲ度切痂,一次切除 2～ 4个肢体主要部位的创面…     

18例重度烧伤自体焦痂作覆盖物加自体微粒皮移植患者手术前后的护理

总结18例重度烧伤患者自体焦痂作覆盖物加微粒皮移植手术前后的护理。护理要点包括:重度烧伤患者于伤后3~7 d内切痂,行焦痂原位回植加自体微粒皮移植术,通过术前抗休克、保痂,术后制动,早期采用暴露疗法防止创面渗血影响微粒存活,避免创面受压,观察术后焦痂原位回植加自体微粒皮移植效果。18例焦痂原位回植加自体微粒皮移植术患者术后6周的创面愈合率为(85.4±3.9)%,创面愈合时间为伤后(55.6±7.1)d。证明通过对焦痂原位回植加自体微粒皮移植术的护理,可提高该术式的成功率,用自体焦痂替代异体皮覆盖移植的方法可行,并具有较好的临床应用价值。     

大面积Ⅲ度烧伤三种植皮方法的临床效果比较

【目的】探讨大面积Ⅲ度烧伤三种手术方法的效果和特点。【方法】1985年1月至2008年12月应用保痂肉芽创面植皮、切痂微粒皮植皮、削痂微粒皮植皮三种治疗方法,处理156例大面积Ⅲ度烧伤创面并对治疗结果进行分析。【结果】创面平均愈合时间：保痂肉芽创面植皮组（65．6±9．8）d,切痂微粒皮植皮组（53．8±9．2）d,削痂微粒皮植皮组（45．5±9．5）d。保痂组病程长,病人消耗大,并发症发生率高,死亡几率增大;切痂组手术损伤重,对病人烧伤后第二次打击大,愈后外形和功能差,丧失了皮肤附属器,对功能康复影响大;削痂组创面愈合快,并发症少,疤痕平坦、柔软。【结论】伤后及时清除坏死组织,对创面进行有效的覆盖,对加快创面愈合,减少创面侵袭性感染,减少脓毒症的发生,保护各脏器的功能,缩短病程,减少医疗费用非常重要。削痂微粒皮植皮治疗大面积Ⅲ度烧伤,可保留皮肤组织的部分功能,减少疤痕,愈后外形和功能良好。     

电动磨痂治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效观察

目的：分析比较削痂和电动磨痂在治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的应用。方法：93例深Ⅱ度烧伤住院患者随机分成两组，一组进行削痂手术，另一组行磨痂手术，观察比较两组患者手术治疗效果。结果：与削痂组创面比较，磨痂组创面愈合时间提前5～6d，且愈合质量好，瘢痕增生轻。从病理上看，磨痂手术能最大限度地保留有活力的组织和皮肤附件。结论：用电动磨痂仪施行的磨痂手术操作简单，易于掌握；对组织损伤小，能充分地保留有活力的真皮组织及皮肤附件；创面再上皮化迅速，缩短愈合时间，减轻病人的负担；创面愈合质量好，瘢痕形成轻或无瘢痕。     

A dermal substrate made of collagen--GAG--chitosan for deep burn coverage: first clinical uses

In cases of severe burns, it seems necessary to excise burnt tissues as soon as possible and to cover the excised area immediately with a skin substitute, when few autografts are available. We report here the first clinical uses of a dermal substrate made of collagen--GAG--chitosan grafted immediately after early excision, then epidermalized either with autologous meshed autograft or with autologous cultured epidermis. The dermal substrate replaces the excised dermis by adhering to the underlying tissue, promoting fibrovascular ingrowth. Then after 15 days it can be epidermalized. The quality of the underlying dermis obtained permitted 100% take after epidermalization with large-meshed autograft, and tended to avoid the usual typical diamond aspect of the meshed skin. After epidermalization with autologous cultured autograft, the quality of the underlying dermis permits a good take. The best aspect is obtained by combining dermal substrate and autologous cultured epidermis. Even if it still does not replace the high quality of a homograft, this dermal substrate is a promising solution for replacement of dermis. It is always available, can be stored and is exempt from micro-organism transmission.     

Primary excision and immediate wound closure

Surgical principles of early excision of devitalized tissue and prompt wound closure which govern the management of all traumatic injuries have been developed in the primary treatment of burns. Topical and systemic antibiotics which delay wound infection and control invasive sepsis provide an initial period of two to three weeks in which wound excision and closure is safe and effective. Full support of the central and peripheral circulation, respiratory function, nutrition, and musculoskeletal function are essential features of care until the burn wound is eliminated and closed.Following initial evaluation, wound excision is carried beyond the deepest level of injured tissue. Excision to the level of muscle fascia is used for fullthickness injury and sequential excision in or below the dermis for deep dermal injury. Techniques of skin grafting and subsequent care of the graft are described, including the use of human allografts.Primary excision has reduced mortality, morbidity and later reconstructive measures by a factor of 50% when compared to results obtained by awaiting spontaneous separation of eschar with later grafting.With massive burns the use of allografts from familial donors of close immunologic type and immunosuppression of the patient prolong the period before allograft rejection and permit repeated harvest of the patient's donor sites for permanent wound closure. Over 60% of young burn victims with greater than 70% full-thickness burn injury have survived with this method of treatment.     

Application of split-thickness dermal grafts in deep partial- and full-thickness burns: a new source of auto-skin grafting

Early tangential excision of nonviable burn tissue, followed by immediate skin grafting with autograft or allograft, has resulted in the improvement of burn patient survival. The aim of this study was to add split-thickness dermal grafts (STDGs) as a new source of auto-skin grafting tool to our reconstructive armamentarium in deep partial- and full-thickness burns and soft tissue defects. The authors successfully applied STDGs along with split-thickness skin grafts as a new source of auto-skin grafting in 11 deep partial- and full-thickness burns over a period of 1 year without any significant donor site morbidity. Dermal graft take was complete in all but one patient. There was no donor site healing problem, and donor site epithelization was completed generally 1 week later than split-thickness skin graft by semi-open technique. Autologous split-thickness skin grafting still remains the standard therapy for burn wound closure but may be in limited availability in severe burns. The authors conclude that STDGs may be a new source of auto-skin grafting tool in extensive deep partial- and full-thickness burns.     

深Ⅱ度烧伤创面磨痂治疗后残留皮肤组织中表皮干细胞标记物角化蛋白19的表达

背景:大面积烧伤往往需要削痂清除痂皮,但削痂手术往往会导致人为因素除去过多的残留再生皮肤组织.目的:观察磨痂治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面对残留皮肤组织中表皮干细胞标记物角化蛋白19表达的影响.设计、时间及地点:随机分组对比观察,于2002-10/2004-01在广西医科大学完成.对象:烧伤整形外热烧伤科患者40例,年龄18～37岁,平均烧伤面积为15%～45%,深Ⅱ度烧伤面积为15%～30%.随机分组方法分为磨痂组(n=20)、削痂组(n=20).方法:磨痂组采用电动磨痂仪对创面进行磨痂,由浅入深磨去坏死组织,至创面基底呈现红色充血,有珠状的小出血点为止.削痂组采用滚轴削痂刀对创面进行削痂,削至创面基底呈瓷白色、组织致密,湿润面有光泽,无网状血管栓塞和呈灰暗棕色的无光泽组织,放松止血带后可见密集点状出血较均匀,但有时因操作原因削痂过深,基底露出脂肪组织.两组创面术后用辐照猪皮覆盖.主要观察指标:取术前、术后小块创面组织以免疫组织化学SP法检测标皮肤再生组织中标记物角化蛋白19的表达,在100倍光学显微镜下,任意选取5个视野计数细胞团的表达数;观察两组创面愈合时间,记录超过4周不愈合的肉芽创面,需要再次手术植皮修复创面.结果;磨痂保留了较多的真皮组织,毛囊,汗腺,皮脂腺等皮肤附件.削痂后创面基底组织有薄层网状组织残田及部分毛囊及汗腺,有些标本视野中可见无真皮组织,为脂肪组织.细胞团的表达数比较结果显示,两组前及术后创面均有创面残留皮肤组织中标记物角化蛋自19表达,磨痂组术前、术后数量无明显变化(P>0.05),削痂组术后较术前数量减少(P<0.05);磨痂组创面较削痂组提前愈合(P<0.05).需要手术植皮创面磨痂组2处,削痂组8处(P<0.05).结论:应用磨痂术治疗烧伤深Ⅱ度创面能有效掌握磨痂深度,对组织损伤小,与削痂比较保留更多的再生皮肤组织,通过表皮干细胞的再生,利于创面再上皮修复,缩短创面愈合时间.     

Systemic perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis may improve skin autograft survival in patients with acute burns

Skin autograft is the most important definitive treatment for acute-deep burns. Wound infection is the most important cause of autograft loss. Prior clinical studies have not shown any significant difference in the autograft survival rate and the use of perioperative systemic antibiotics. Their study assesses the potential benefit of systemic antibiotics in this setting, especially when topical antibiotics or artificial skin products are not readily available. The authors designed a prospective, randomized study in a cohort of patients with acute burns to assess the hypothesis that the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis affects the rate of skin autograft survival. Enrolled patients could have more than one autograft procedure done. These patients were randomized for each surgical procedure. The outcome measurement was autograft survival rate between the two groups. From October 2001 to October 2006, 77 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 41.7 years (SD +/- 19.4) and a mean skin total burn body surface area of 21.8 (SD +/- 23). The experimental group had 44 autograft procedures with systemic antibiotics (AP) and the control group had 46 procedures without antibiotics (NP). The rate of autograft survival for the AP group was 97% and for the NP group was 87% (P < .01) There was a partial autograft loss in 10 procedures (23%) in the AP group and 23 procedures (50%) in the NP group (P < .01). Patients with acute deep burns treated with autografts may benefit from systemic perioperative antibiotics prophylaxis, as antibiotics seem to be associated with increase autograft survival rate. The risk of colonization in other parts of the body with multidrug resistant bacteria warrants further study.     

深度手烧伤的治疗及功能康复

目的 :探讨深度手烧伤早期创面修复及功能康复最好的治疗方法。方法 :应用中厚皮、异体去细胞真皮基质作支架加自体刃厚皮片移植 ,腹部真皮血管网皮片及超薄皮瓣移植等手术方式 ,进行深度手烧伤早期切削痂。结果 :2 94例 4 6 2只手功能良好者 138例 2 32只手 (5 0 % ) ,功能较好者 79例 134只手 (2 9% ) ,功能障碍者 77例 96只手 (2 1% )。结论 :应用早期切削痂植皮的方法可减少瘢痕增生和畸形 ,使深度手烧伤后获得满意的外形和功能