胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力(附27例报告)

目的探讨胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力的可行性和疗效。方法2005年8月~2007年6月,对27例重症肌无力行电视胸腔镜下经右胸前侧径路胸腺扩大切除(VATS组),切除范围包括全胸腺组织到前纵隔和上纵隔所有脂肪组织。并与2004年5月~2005年7月27例胸骨劈开胸腺切除(胸骨劈开组)相对比。结果VATS组26例顺利完成手术;1例因电凝钩伤及头臂静脉干中转开胸止血。与胸骨劈开组比较,VATS组术中出血少[(46.0±5.7)mlvs(120.0±18.8)ml,t=-19.231,P=0.000],术后需镇痛例数少(3vs12,χ2=7.068,P=0.008),术后住院时间短[(7.0±1.2)dvs(11.0±2.5)d,t=-7.379,P=0.000]。2组手术时间、重症肌无力危象、疗效均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论经右胸前侧径路胸腔镜下行胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力在技术上可行,具有创伤小、疼痛轻、并发症少、住院时间短、恢复快等优点,但对MG的远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

电视胸腔镜胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力症

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力症(myasthenia gravis,MG)的可行性. 方法 18例MG采用VATS经右胸前侧径路行胸腺切除联合纵隔脂肪清扫. 结果 17例顺利完成手术,1例因电凝钩伤及左头臂静脉干而中转开胸止血.平均手术时间105 min,术中失血量平均80 ml.全组无术后死亡及危象发生.18例随访1～20个月,平均11.3个月.按Osserman疗效评价,缓解5例(27.8%),明显改善6例(33.3%),部分改善4例(22.2%),无变化3例(16.7%),有效率83.3%(15/18). 结论 VATS经右胸前侧径路行完全胸腺切除可行,且具有创伤小、恢复快等优点.     

电视胸腔镜经右胸前侧径路胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力

目的　探讨电视胸腔镜手术 (VATS)胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的效果。　方法　 10例重症肌无力患者采用 VATS经右胸前侧径路行胸腺切除及纵隔脂肪清扫 (VATS组 ) ,并与 2 0例胸骨劈开胸腺切除 (胸骨劈开组 )相对照。　结果　 VATS组中 9例顺利完成手术 ,1例因电凝钩伤及头臂静脉干而中转开胸止血 ;全组无术后死亡及危象发生 ;手术时间、术后住院时间均较胸骨劈开组明显缩短。　结论　 VATS经右胸前侧径路行完全胸腺切除是可行的 ,且具有创伤小、恢复快等优点 ,可在临床进一步应用。     

胸腔镜胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力500例

目的 总结胸腔镜胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力(MG)的经验,对比胸腺瘤和非胸腺瘤MG患者的术后效果,分析胸腔镜联合纵隔镜和单纯胸腔镜治疗非胸腺瘤MG的远期效果.方法 2001年至2011年,采用胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术治疗MG患者500例,根据是否合并胸腺瘤和术中是否联合纵隔镜分组:胸腔镜胸腺瘤组(A组)118例,胸腔镜非胸腺瘤组(B组)301例,胸腔镜联合纵隔镜非胸腺瘤组(C组)81例.结果 全组无术中死亡.完全电视胸腔镜下完成手术495例.A组手术(128.5±77.8) min,术后24.6％患者出现肌无力危象;B组手术(111.3±31.6) min,术后11.0％患者出现肌无力危象;C组手术(145.0 ±71.6) min,术后9.9％患者出现肌无力危象.术后随访3个月至11年,A、B、C组患者完全缓解率(CSR)分别为28.7％、37.3％、36.5％.无病生存曲线示术后3年B、C组CSR高于A组,术后5年C组CSR高于B组.术后第5年C组CSR接近60％,B组为50％,而A组仅为36％.结论 胸腔镜基础上联合纵隔镜胸腺扩大切除手术清除颈部、前纵隔脂肪组织及异位胸腺更为彻底,远期效果更加理想.与非胸腺瘤MG患者相比,胸腺瘤MG患者术后远期效果较差.     

电视胸腔镜胸腺切除9例报告

目的　探讨电视胸腔镜下行胸腺切除的可行性及合并重症肌无力患者的远期疗效。　方法　 1996年 7月至 2 0 0 1年 4月 ,选择 9例胸腺相关疾病患者 ,应用电视辅助胸腔镜 (VATS)行胸腺切除 ,术后门诊或电话随访。　结果　胸腺囊肿 2例 ,胸腺瘤 1例 ,恶性胸腺瘤 1例 ,胸腺癌 1例 ,重症肌无力4例。重症肌无力据改良Osserman分型Ⅰ型 3例 ,Ⅱb型 1例 ,合并胸腺瘤 2例 ,胸腺增生 2例 ,手术总有效率 3/ 4。手术中转开胸 1例 ,手术后随访复发 1例 ,经胸骨正中切口行胸腺扩大切除术。　结论　VATS治疗部分胸腺疾病可行 ,VATS治疗重症肌无力疗效与常规手术相当。     

胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除治疗非瘤型重症肌无力

目的探讨胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术(video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy,VATET)治疗非瘤型重症肌无力的疗效,并分析影响预后的因素。方法 2009年12月~2014年9月我院行胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术治疗非胸腺瘤型重症肌无力43例,采用三孔法,胸腔镜下经右胸行胸腺切除及前纵隔脂肪组织廓清术。采用Monden标准评价疗效,分析影响疗效的因素。结果所有患者均完成VATET,均经右胸行胸腺扩大切除,手术时间75~240 min,平均115.4 min;术中出血量10~200 ml,平均42.2 ml。无围手术期死亡。43例随访4~60个月,平均36.2月,缓解12例,改善18例,无变化10例,恶化3例,有效率(缓解+改善)69.8%(30/43)。多因素logistic回归分析显示病理类型为胸腺增生是影响非瘤型重症肌无力患者术后疗效的独立危险因素(β=0.921,95%CI:1.866~2.811,P=0.000)。结论 VATET治疗非瘤型重症肌无力疗效满意。     

重症肌无力电视胸腔镜与胸骨部分劈开行胸腺扩大切除比较

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)在重症肌无力(MG)治疗中的价值.方法 应用随机对照研究前瞻性分析2005年至2008年开展的VATS和胸骨部分劈开行胸腺切除治疗MG疗效,比较两组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后胸管放置时间、术后住院时间、术后发生重症肌无力危象及疗效等方面差异.结果 VATS组中26例手术顺利,1例因电凝钩伤及头臂静脉中转开胸.与部分胸骨劈开组比较,VATS组术中出血少、手术时间短、术后放置胸管时间及术后住院时间缩短.VATS组与胸骨劈开组比较发生肌无力危象0例对3例,肺部感染2例对9例,胸骨上窝或伤口感染0例对3例.随访6～24个月,VATS和胸骨劈开组有效率分别为81%(21/26例)和85%(23/27例),差异无统计学意义.结论 VATS下胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力,技术是安全、可行的,具有创伤小、痛苦轻、并发症少、疗效可靠等优点,临床应用前景良好.     

经剑突下及肋弓下切口胸腔镜胸腺切除术的临床分析

目的探讨经剑突下及肋弓下切口胸腔镜胸腺切除的可行性、安全性、适应证及操作要点。方法回顾性分析沧州市中心医院胸外科2015年1月至2017年7月经剑突下及双侧肋弓下胸腔镜胸腺切除术85例患者的临床资料,其中男34例、女51例,年龄42~70(34.0±11.0)岁,合并重症肌无力者6例。结果所有入组患者手术顺利,无围手术期并发症。无重症肌无力患者行全胸腺切除术,合并重症肌无力患者行全胸腺心包前纵隔脂肪切除术。手术时间60~120(85.0±18.0)h,出血量20~50 ml,胸腔引流管留置时间1~3(2.0±0.7)d,术后住院时间5~10(7.0±1.5)d。术后病理:胸腺瘤45例,胸腺癌6例,胸腺囊肿32例,胸腺脂肪瘤1例,胸腺增生1例。术后随访时间1~12个月。根据美国重症肌无力协会(MGFA)疗效判断标准,合并重症肌无力(6例)术后完全缓解1例(16.7%),药物缓解5例(83.3%)。所有患者术后至2017年7月无肿瘤复发。结论经剑突下及肋弓下切口胸腔镜胸腺切除术安全可行,具有创伤小、疼痛轻、术后恢复快等优点,可以作为治疗部分胸腺疾病和重症肌无力的有效手术方式。     

胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的外科治疗

目的报告1988年～2000年12月手术治疗36例胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力(MG)的结果.方法全部患者均行手术治疗,按Masaoka临床分期Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期15例,Ⅲ期12例,Ⅳ期3例.结果术后18例出现重症肌无力危象,均行气管切开及辅助呼吸,1例死于危象.术后随访半年～10年,3年内MG缓解率为72.2%,5年生存率为65.4%,10年生存率为24.8%.结论胸腺切除手术是治疗胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的主要方法,术后肌无力危象发生率高,及时行气管切开及辅助呼吸是处理的关键.     

电视胸腔镜下胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)下行胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的可行性和治疗效果。方法19例重症肌无力患者,按照Osserman临床分型标准,Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱa型5例,Ⅱb型3例,Ⅲ型1例,均在VATS下行胸腺扩大切除术。结果19例患者均顺利完成手术,无手术死亡,平均手术时间120min,术中出血量均小于100ml,术后发生重症肌无力危象3例,经及时治疗治愈。术后对所有患者均进行了随访,随访时间>6个月,重症肌无力病情完全缓解9例,好转6例,无变化4例,总有效率79%(15/19)。结论在VATS下行胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力是可行的,且创伤小、疼痛轻,以期望减少术后并发症。     

Thoracoscopic thymectomy in autoimmune myasthesia: results of left-sided approach

BACKGROUND: We undertook to analyze the results of video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy through a left-sided approach in patients with autoimmune myasthenia. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1997, 31 patients underwent thoracoscopic thymectomy by a uniform left-sided approach. There were 8 men and 23 women with a mean age of 34 +/- 12 years. RESULTS: Preoperative duration of disease was 14.8 +/- 11 months. There were no operative deaths or major complications. The mean hospital stay was 5.2 +/- 2.8 days. Mean follow-up was 39.6 +/- 15 months and was 100% complete. At 48 months, remission and improvement rates were 36% and 96%, respectively. Shorter duration of symptoms (< 12 months) correlated with improved outcome (13 of 13 patients versus 10 of 14 patients; p = 0.036). Age, sex, Osserman class, corticosteroid therapy, presence of ectopic thymic tissue, and temporary postoperative symptom increase (deterioration) did not affect outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic thymectomy facilitated the goal of early thymectomy. Through a left-sided approach, improvement or remission was achieved in more than 95% of the patients. Thoracoscopic thymectomy should be considered a valid less invasive alternative to the most radical open approaches.     

双悬吊拉钩辅助剑突下胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术在胸腺占位合并重症肌无力中的临床应用

目的探讨双悬吊拉钩辅助剑突下胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除治疗胸腺占位合并重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)的疗效。方法采用回顾性研究,选择2018年1月至2018年12月在我科住院的胸腺占位合并重症肌无力患者41例,均行双悬吊拉钩辅助剑突下胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术。结果41例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间(83.43±24.32)min,均完整切除胸腺及周围脂肪组织,无使用双悬吊拉钩相关并发症,无其他手术相关并发症。结论应用双悬吊拉钩辅助行剑突下胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术治疗胸腺占位合并重症肌无力患者,能扩大手术视野及操作空间,手术创伤小,手术过程顺利,安全可靠,值得推广运用。     

Operative technique for thoracoscopic thymectomy

In most cases, myasthenia gravis (MG) and thymoma require complete removal of the thymus gland and resection of the pericardial fatty tissue. There is some debate however, over which surgical approach is best for thymectomy. We have developed a new technique for complete thoracoscopic thymectomy. Between October 1994 and February 1998, we performed a prospective observational study of thoracoscopic thymectomy in 19 patients. The results were analyzed with special reference to perioperative morbidity, short- and intermediate-term improvement of MG, and quality of life. This study showed the feasibility of complete thoracoscopic thymectomy. The procedure was successfully applied in 19 of 20 cases. Thoracoscopic thymectomy was accomplished with zero mortality and a very low perioperative morbidity. While the short-term improvement of MG after this procedure was comparable to that seen with conventional surgery, the short- and intermediate-term quality of life was much better. The preliminary results of thoracoscopic thymectomy appear to be excellent for both patients and neurologists. A prospective randomized trial has been designed to compare thoracoscopic thymectomy with the gold standard of median sternotomy for thymectomy. Received: 9 March 1998/Accepted: 22 June 1998     

Subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis

We investigated the efficacy of subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. The data of 37 consecutive cases were reviewed. 2 cases of postoperative myasthenia gravis crisis and 4 cases of residual mediastinal fat tissue were recorded. Moreover, 29 patients presented the neurological outcomes, and complete stable remission was achieved in 5 (17.2%) cases. Subxiphoid thymectomy is technically feasible. High-quality evidence is warranted before this approach can be recommended.     

Thoracoscopic thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis

A series of 151 thoracoscopic thymectomy performed in the Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation of the Fundeni Clinical Institute between April 1999 and April 2004 is analyzed. These were 89.34% from all the thymectomies performed in our department in this period. Thoracoscopic thymectomies were performed on 131 female patients (86.75%) and 20 male patients (23.25%), aged between 8 and 60 years. All patients were previously treated in the Neurological Department of the Fundeni Clinical Institute for at least 3 months. The thoracoscopic thymectomy was indicated for: myasthenia gravis without thymic neoplasia (141 cases), stage I Masaoka thymoma (8 cases), remnant postoperative thymic tissue (3 cases). We have used a left thoracoscopic approach in 73 cases and a right thoracoscopic approach in 76 cases. In 2 cases a mixed cervical and thoracoscopic approach was needed.. No mortality and morbidity 6.62% (10 cases). From this 151 patients 100 have been constantly followed for more then one year. From the other 51, 32 are in the first postoperative year, and the other 19, 12.58% have been lost in surveillance. The one year evaluation regarding the Research Standards of Myasthenia Gravis Task Force Foundation shows: improvement--90% (complete stable remission--14%; pharmacological remission--20%; minimal manifestation--56%), unchanged--8%, worsened--2%. Our results with a complete stable remission of 14% at the end of the first year and 50% at 5 years are at least comparable with literature results with other open or thoracoscopic approaches.     

Anesthetic implications for video assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy in myasthenia gravis

Thymectomy is an established therapy in the management of generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the optimal surgical approach to thymectomy has remained controversial. There are advocates for transternal, transcervical approaches for "maximal" thymectomy. Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy (VATT) presents new approach to thymectomy. By minimizing chest wall trauma, VATT not only causes less postoperative pain, shortens hospital stay, gives better cosmetic results but also leads to wider acceptance by patients for earlier surgery. Anesthesia for thymectomy in MG is challenging. Currently we are using non-muscle relaxant technique (NMRT) which we adopted in 1994, for maximal thymectomy. In this paper, we present our limited experience with two cases of VATT using two different NMRTs. Two cases of MG underwent VATT under general anesthesia (GA) and one lung ventilation (OLV) using double lumen tube (DLT). In both cases NMRT was used which encompass, light GA plus thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in one case and without TEA in the other case. We believe that the use of NMRT provides good operative and postoperative conditions. In this report we have described two different NMRTs, one with TEA and the other without. Further studies are needed on large number of cases to establish an anesthetic protocol for VATT.     

胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力的疗效观察及影响因素分析

目的对胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)的疗效进行总结,分析影响MG手术疗效的因素。方法回顾性研究我院2000年6月～2009年10月47例MG接受胸腔镜手术的临床资料,采用单因素分析和logistic回归模型对患者性别、年龄、病程、MGFA分型、胸腺病理类型等可能影响因素进行分析。结果 45例完成随访,随访16～111个月,平均51个月。根据MGFA提出的治疗后状况分类:完全稳定缓解占64.4%(29/45),药物缓解占17.8%(8/45),微小症状表现占8.9%(4/45),恶化占2.2%(1/45),复发占4.4%(2/45),死亡占2.2%(1/45)。年龄(β=0.059,P=0.027,OR=1.060,95%CI为1.007～1.117)和胸腺病理类型(β=1.558,P=0.025,OR=4.750,95%CI为1.214～18.584)是影响手术疗效的因素。结论 MG行电视胸腔镜下胸腺扩大切除术疗效满意,年龄和胸腺病理类型是手术疗效的影响因素。     

Bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy vs. extended transsternal thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: a prospective study

The optimal approach to thymectomy remains controversial. This study is designed to prospectively compare the results between bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy (BVTx) and extended transsternal thymectomy (ETTx) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) without thymoma. Fifteen patients who had undergone BVTx and 16 patients who had undergone ETTx were compared for age, gender, severity of disease, preoperative duration of disease, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, hospital stay, duration of chest tube drainage, thymic histopathology, pain perception by visual analog scale (VAS), remission and improvement rate, period of follow-up, and activities of daily living (ADL). Fisher's exact test, t test and paired t test were used for statistical analysis. BVTx had longer operative time and less intraoperative blood loss than that of the ETTx. Their remission rates and their degree of postoperative ADL improvement were not significantly different. However, the lowering of VAS was significantly greater in the sternotomy group at 3 months. All other parameters were not significantly different. No mortality was noted in the series. We consider BVTx as an effective alternative procedure to the transsternal approach for patients with nonthymomatous MG. As more and more people care about cosmetics, BVTx could become the future trend.     

胸腔镜胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力(附2例报告)

目的:探讨胸腔镜胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力的可行性。方法:2例重症肌无力合并胸腺增生(胸腺瘤)的患者行胸腔镜胸腺切除术。结果:2例患者胸腺均在胸腔镜下完整切除,无中转开胸及并发症。术后通过4个月电话随访,症状都有明显改善。结论:胸腔镜胸腺切除术具有创伤小,术后疼痛轻,并发症少,住院时间短,恢复快等优点,是一种非常有前途的技术。