经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗老年肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的临床分析

目的　探讨经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗老年肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的可行性 ,安全性和近期效果。方法　对 6 0岁以上的 6例老年HOCM患者施行心肌声学造影指导下的经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗。结果　 6例患者的经皮室间隔心肌消融术均获成功 ,未出现严重的心脏并发症 ,术后即刻应用心导管测左室流出道压差由术前(10 4.33± 19.6 1)mmHg降至 (35± 2 5 .88)mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1)。术后对 6例患者进行了 1～ 18个月的随访 ,经超声心动图测左室流出道压差由术前 (91.83± 2 7.17)mmHg降至 (36 .0 8± 33.6 3)mmHg(P <0 .0 5 ) ,室间隔厚度由术前(2 1.83± 2 .79)mm降至 (16 .0 2± 3.86 )mm (P <0 .0 5 )。术后心功能由术前的 3.4± 0 .5级改善为 1.1± 0 .3级 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗老年HOCM患者的即刻和近期效果良好 ,并发症少 ,安全性高。     

经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病两年疗效观察

目的　评价经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的中期疗效。方法　 1 998年 8月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 0月 1 1 9名HOCM患者入选行PTSMA ,其中 34例随访近 2(2± 0 5)年。在消融术前及术后半年 (5～ 7个月 )至 2年行超声心动图测量室间隔厚度及左室流出道宽度。结果　 34例术后 2年随访平均室间隔厚度 (1 6 1± 4 8)mm ,[术前 (2 3 9± 6 0 )mm ,术后半年(1 8 8± 4 1 )mm] ,平均左室流出道宽度 (1 5 1± 5 3)mm ,术前 [(6 6± 2 3)mm ,术后半年 (1 2 1± 3 3)mm]。结论　PTSMA能显著降低室间隔厚度 ,增加左室流出道的宽度 ,随着时间延长疗效逐渐增加。     

梗阻性肥厚型心肌病化学消融术治疗进展

梗阻性肥厚型心肌病(HOCM)是以室间隔非对称性肥厚、左室流出道狭窄,并由此引起梗阻症状为特点的心肌病。降低左室流出道压差是临床治疗有症状HOCM患者的目标,经皮经腔室间隔心肌化学消融术是一种很有前景的介入治疗方法,创伤小、安全性高,并能取得与外科手术同样的疗效。     

心肌声学造影引导下梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的化学消融治疗

本文报告 3例梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者在心肌声学造影技术 (myocardialcontrast echocardiography,MCE)指导下实施化学消融术并取得良好效果。现报告如下 :1　资料与方法　　对象 :2 0 0 0年 3月～ 5月于我院住院的 3例患者 ,男 2例 ,女 1例 ,年龄 33～ 47(平均 42± 6 .3)岁。术前明确诊断为梗阻性肥厚型心肌病。室间隔厚度为17～ 2 4mm,平均 2 0 .6± 2 .8mm。经导管测左心室流出道压力阶差 (L VOTG)4 0～ 80 mm Hg(1mm Hg=0 .133k Pa) ,平均 5 5± 17.8mm Hg。附图　超声心动图图像。箭头所指处为封堵的间隔支血管所支配的心肌确系增…     

经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病短期疗效

目的应用超声心动图评价经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术(percutaneoustransluminalventricalarseptalchemicalablation,PTVSCA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的短期疗效。方法回顾性分析于1998年7月～2003年6月期间40例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者行PTVSCA。在消融术前及术后2周内行超声心动图测量室间隔厚度、左心室流出道宽度及左心室流出道压力阶差。结果40例术后两周内室间隔厚度(24±6)mm,术前(24±6)mm;平均左心室流出道宽度术后(12.8±2.6)mm,术前(13.1±2.4)mm;静息时左心室流出道压力阶差术后(101±7)mmHg,术前(40±8)mmHg。结论PTSMA术后即刻或短期内主要是通过降低梗阻部位室间隔的收缩力来缓解左心室流出道的梗阻,室间隔厚度改变需在稍后时间才能显现。     

经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病

目的评价室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病在急性期的效果。方法对52例确诊肥厚梗阻型心肌病患者进行经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗,并于术前、术后急性期进行超声心动观察。结果41例患者介入治疗成功,成功率为78.8%。术前超声观察室间隔平均厚度(22.96±5.15)mm,左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTPG)(92.64±38.69)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),术后急性期(4.8±3.2)d,室间隔平均厚度(21.27±4.64)mm,较术前比变薄,P<0.05;LVOTPG(51.79±38.99)mm Hg,较术前明显降低,P<0.001。结论经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病,在急性期可使室间隔平均厚度降低,收缩期左室流出道压力阶差显著下降。     

经皮间隔心肌消融术联合支架置入术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病伴发冠心病

目的:评价经皮间隔心肌消融术联合支架置入术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病伴发冠心病的安全性及疗效。方法:5例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病伴发冠心病患者,经皮间隔心肌消融术后即刻行冠状动脉支架置入术治疗(其中3例靶病变覆盖酒精消融靶间隔支),随访住院期间出院后主要心血管事件(包括死亡,急性心肌梗死,靶血管血运重建)。结果:经皮间隔心肌消融术联合支架置入术手术成功率100,平均随访(2.2±1.8)年,随访期间无死亡、急性心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建。术后12个月超声心动图检测示左室流出道压力阶差较术前持续明显下降分别为(56.8±11.4)mmHg及(19.5±6.2)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),P<0.05;室间隔厚度持续明显下降[(23.4±2.1)mm及(13.8±1.3)mm,P<0.05];左室流出道宽度持续明显增宽分别为[(9.8±1.8)mm及(17.3±2.6)mm,P<0.05]。结论:间隔心肌消融术联合支架置入术治疗肥厚性梗阻型心肌病伴发冠心病可能是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的治疗进展

肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是一种相对常见的遗传性疾病,通过经皮经腔室间隔心肌化学消融术(PTSMA)和外科心肌切除术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者,可以减轻患者症状、改善机能和生活质量.PTSMA具有创伤小、住院时间短,临床效果肯定等特点;外科心肌切除术具有左心室流出道疏通确切且彻底、可以治疗合并瓣膜病或冠心病的患者等特点.     

改良经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病

目的　观察改良经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的疗效。方法　 5例患者在常规PTSMA治疗HOCM方法基础上 ,改良如下操作 :1.简化测压方法 :采用大一号动脉鞘与小一号猪尾管同步测股动脉与左室流入道压。 2 .酒精用量指导 :采用球囊闭塞靶间隔支后造影能充分显示间隔支血管供血范围 (即造影剂呈云雾状渗入心肌 )所需的造影剂量 ,指导消融酒精用量。3.尽量避开靶间隔支高位靠右分支 (右前斜位 30°观察 )消融。结果　 5例患者均获成功 ,术后即刻心导管测静息左室流出道压力阶差由术前的 ( 78 4± 2 5 2 )mmHg降至 ( 11 6± 4 7)mmHg。酒精用量为 3～ 9( 4 8± 2 3)ml,2例发生一过性房室传导阻滞 ,术后半年超声心动图测量室间隔厚度由术前的 ( 19 2± 2 3)mm减至 ( 16 1± 2 4 )mm。结论　适当改良的PTSMA方法简便 ,指导消融酒精用量充分 ,消融疗效肯定 ,可减少并发症发生     

心肌声学造影指导下经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的进展

随着技术的改进和心肌声学造影剂的应用，经皮腔内室间隔心肌化学消融术(PTS-MA)在国外已经成为治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的常规方法，它通过向冠状动脉间隔支内注入酒精导致心肌坏死，造成室间隔心肌萎缩，使狭窄的左室流出道扩张，中短期疗效可靠。     

B-type natriuretic peptide after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation

BACKGROUND: Plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide is a sensitive marker of left ventricular dysfunction and the level is markedly elevated in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation, a catheter-based treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, has been widely used as a new therapeutic option for the disease. This study was designed to evaluate clinical implications of natriuretic peptides after the new treatment. METHODS: Seven consecutive patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy unresponsive to usual medical treatments (age: 57.9+/-22.0 years) were enrolled in the study. Serial changes in atrial and B-type natriuretic peptide in plasma were examined after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation. RESULTS: Atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides levels (pg/ml, mean+/-S.D.) at baseline were higher in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy than in control (80.0+/-43.0 vs. 12.8+/-5.2, P<0.0001; 858.0+/-458.4 vs. 12.4+/-7.0, P<0.0001; respectively). Left ventricular outflow-tract pressure gradient (mmHg) immediately decreased from 115.3+/-23.3 to 30.6+/-12.4 (P<0.0001) after the treatment and concomitantly B-type natriuretic peptide level decreased (858.0+/-458.4 to 264.1+/-137.7, P=0.0084). The level re-increased and peaked at the 2nd day (634.4+/-429.6) and gradually decreased again until 4 weeks. Reduction rate of left ventricular outflow-tract pressure gradient between before and 4 weeks after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation positively correlated with that of B-type natriuretic peptide (r(2)=0.817, P=0.0053). Changes in atrial natriuretic peptide were not significant in contrast to those of B-type natriuretic peptide. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide level could be useful to predict the effects of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.     

Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: immediately and middle-term follow-up results]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate and follow-up results of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). METHODS: 15 patients with HOCM refractory to medication successfully underwent PTSMA under myocardial contrast echocardiography. RESULTS: The left ventricular outflow gradients (LVOTG) were reduced significantly (77.93 +/- 22.00) mm Hg to (14.8 +/- 15.0) mm Hg (P < 0.0001) immediately with a mean decrease of (5.75 +/- 2.87) mm Hg (P < 0.001) in left ventricular end diastolic pressure. The scores of SAM and mitral regurgition During a mean of 8.6 +/- 3.8(6-22) months follow-up, the patients heart function (NYHA) were greatly improved(3.4 +/- 0.5 vs 1.1 +/- 0.4, P < 0.001), and disappearance of angina pectoris, and exercise endurance improvement with steady hemodynamic improvement. CONCLUSION: PTSMA is effectively non-surgical treatment method for drug-refractory patients with HOCM.     

Effect of successful alcohol septal ablation on microvascular function in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

We hypothesized that relief of obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) by percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) improves microvascular dysfunction by relief of extravascular compression. Microvascular dysfunction in obstructive HC is related to extravascular compression by increased left ventricular (LV) mass and LV end-diastolic pressure. The study included 14 patients with obstructive HC (mean age 55+/-12 years, 11 men) who underwent successful PTSMA and 14 healthy volunteers (mean age 31+/-4 years, 11 men). LV hemodynamics (by Doppler echocardiography) and intramyocardial flow dynamics (by adenosine myocardial contrast echocardiography) were evaluated in healthy volunteers and before and 6 months after PTSMA in patients with HC. LV end-diastolic pressure was estimated from the ratio of transmitral early LV filling velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity. PTSMA reduced the invasively measured LV outflow tract gradient (119+/-35 vs 17+/-16 mm Hg, p<0.0001) and LV end-diastolic pressure (23+/-3 vs 16+/-2 mm Hg, p<0.001). Six months after PTSMA, myocardial flow reserve improved (2.73+/-0.56 vs 3.21+/-0.49, p<0.001), but did not normalize compared with healthy controls (vs 3.95+/-0.77, p<0.001). Also, septal hyperemic endo-to-epi myocardial blood flow ratio improved (0.70+/-0.11 vs 0.92+/-0.07, p<0.001). Changes in LV end-diastolic pressure, LV mass index, and LV outflow tract peak systolic gradient correlated well with changes in hyperemic perfusion (all p<0.05). In conclusion, microvascular dysfunction improves after PTSMA due to relief of extravascular compression forces.     

Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: short-term study

In 18 patients with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 18 procedures involving percutaneous transluminal myocardial ablation were performed. The patients were followed up for three months after the procedure. The mean intraventricular peak gradient declined during the intervention from 51 +/- 26 mm Hg to 11 +/- 12.2 mm Hg (p < 0.001). On average 2.7 +/- 1.1 ml ethanol were administered, as a rule into the first septal branch. The target artery was detected in 13 instances by means of myocardial contrast echocardiography and in five instances by haemodynamic investigation. In one instance the procedure was combined with subsequent balloon angioplasty of the ramus circumflexus. In one patient it was necessary to implant ex post a permanent pacemaker on account of AV bloc grade III. In one instance when myocardial contrast echocardiography was not used) infarsation not only of the basal interventricular septum occurred but also of the posterolateral left ventricular wall. During the three-month follow-up the incidence of stenocardias assessed according to CCS declined from grade 2.6 +/- 0.8 to 0.8 +/- 0.8 (p < 0.0001). Dyspnoea evaluated according to NYHA declined from grade 2.9 +/- 0.5 to 1.4 +/- 0.6 (p < 0.0001). The maximal intraventricular gradient evaluated by Doppler echocardiography declined from 57.2 +/- 42 mm Hg before the procedure to 19.7 +/- 12 mm Hg (p < 0.001). An identical gradient after stimulation with one dose of isosorbide dinitrate spray (1.25 mg) declined from 82.3 +/- 27 mm Hg to 25 +/- 6 mm Hg (p < 0.0001). The diastolic thickness of the IVS in the intervened segment declined from 21.2 +/- 3 mm to 14.7 +/- 2 mm (p < 0.0001). No significant change in the size of the left ventricle was recorded, nor in its ejection fraction and size of the left atrium. One patient died suddenly during the follow up period. Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation leads during short-term follow-up to a significant weakening of the basal segment of the interventricular septum, a decline of the intraventricular gradient and symptomatology of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.     

Percutaneous septal ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mid-ventricular obstruction.

AIMS: Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation by alcohol-induced septal branch occlusion is a new treatment option in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and subaortic, SAM-associated obstruction. We report on a patient with mid-ventricular obstruction and echocardiographic-guided reduction of septal hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 52-year-old woman with NYHA class III and recurrent exercise-induced syncope suffered from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with mid-ventricular obstruction. She had a systolic gradient of 71 mmHg at rest and 153 mmHg post-extrasystole, and diastolic inflow gradient of 20 mmHg. Echo-guided percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation with occlusion of the fourth septal branch resulted in acute reduction and final elimination of systolic, as well as diastolic resting and provocable gradients. Complications were not seen. At 3 months' follow-up the patient was asymptomatic and without further syncopes. CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiographic-guided percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation is able to reduce gradients in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mid-ventricular obstruction with consecutive improvement of symptoms.     

Outcome of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation and septal myectomy surgery

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate follow-up results in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) who underwent either percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) or septal myectomy. BACKGROUND: Controversy exists with regard to these two forms of treatment for patients with HOCM. METHODS: Of 51 patients with HOCM treated, 25 were treated by PTSMA and 26 patients via myectomy. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed before both procedures, immediately afterwards and at a three-month follow-up. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was obtained before the procedures and at follow-up. RESULTS: Interventricular septal thickness was significantly reduced at follow-up in both groups (2.3 +/- 0.4 cm vs. 1.9 +/- 0.4 cm for septal ablation and 2.4 +/- 0.6 cm vs. 1.7 +/- 0.2 cm for myectomy, both p < 0.001). Estimated by continuous-wave Doppler, the resting pressure gradient (PG) across the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) significantly decreased immediately after the procedures in both groups (64 +/- 39 mm Hg vs. 28 +/- 29 mm Hg for PTSMA, 62 +/- 43 mm Hg vs. 7 +/- 7 mm Hg for myectomy, both p < 0.0001). At three-month follow-up, the resting PG remained lower in the PTSMA and myectomy groups (24 +/- 19 mm Hg and 11 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively, vs. those before procedures, both p < 0.0001). The NYHA functional class was also significantly improved in both groups (3.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.7 for PTSMA, 3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.7 for myectomy, both p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Both myectomy and PTSMA reduce LVOT obstruction and significantly improve NYHA functional class in patients with HOCM. However, there are benefits and drawbacks for each therapeutic method that must be counterbalanced when deciding on treatment for LVOT obstruction.     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病化学消融术后疗效观察

目的 探讨化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的方法及疗效.方法 15例HOCM患者,经超声心动图及导管测压证实存在左室流出道压力阶差.选择靶间隔支注入无水乙醇消融后记录左室流出道压力阶差变化,出院时、出院后1个月及出院后3个月复查超声心动图.结果 15例中消融第一间隔支11例,消融第二间隔支2例,同时消融第一、二间隔支2例.1例术后4 h死亡,其余14例度过围术期并出院随访(其中1例术后5 d置入永久双腔起搏器).术后即刻导管测量左室流出道压差较术前明显下降[(55.90±31.08)mm Hg比(92.62±43.75)mm Hg,P＜0.01],出院时与术前相比,LVOTG和二尖瓣收缩期前移(SAM)幅度较术前明显改善[(45.83±27.92)mm Hg 比(84.02±35.59)mm Hg,(2.3±1.28)mm 比(4.2±1.35)mm,P＜0.01];出院后1个月、3个月超声测量LVOTG、左室流出道内径、室间隔厚度和SAM幅度较术前及出院时明显改善(P＜0.01).结论化学消融是治疗HOCM的有效方法,但属于破坏性手术,需严格进行手术风险控制,防止"过犹不及".     

肥厚梗阻性心肌病双腔起搏与经皮室间隔化学消融治疗的远期疗效分析

目的 回顾性分析肥厚梗阻性心肌病患者行双腔起搏器植入(PM)或经皮室间隔化学消融(PTMSA)治疗,评价两种治疗方法的远期疗效.方法 48例患者,19例行PM治疗,29例行PTMSA治疗,并随访超声心动图结果.电话随访患者的临床症状.结果 PM组,平均年龄(51±13)岁,平均随访时间(3.9±2.3)年,起搏模式为DDD,AV延迟间期90～110 ms,治疗前后左心室流出道压力阶差分别是(103.8±40.6)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和(45.1±36.2)mm Hg,P<0.05.PTMSA组,平均年龄(43±11)岁,随访时间(3.6±1.2)年,治疗前后左心室流出道压力阶差分别是(85.7±21.1)mm Hg和(24.6±12.2)mm Hg,P<0.05.PTMSA组左心室流出道压力阶差下降幅度大于PM治疗组[(71±12)%vs(58±29)%,P<0.05].PTMSA术后并发症为心律失常,发生率38%,主要为各种心律失常;PM术后主要为起搏器相关并发症发生率5.3%,主要为起搏器相关并发症.PTMSA组14例有晕厥史的患者中有1例术后活动时仍偶发晕厥,胸痛、胸闷症状缓解率75%.PM组10例有晕厥史的患者术后未再发,胸痛、胸闷症状缓解率93.8%.结论 双腔起搏器及经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚梗阻性心肌病均可降低患者的左心窒流出道压力阶差,起搏治疗降低危心室流出道雎力阶差的幅度低于消融治疗.消融治疗的并发症高于起搏治疗.两种治疗方法均可改善患者临床症状.     

Papillary muscles identified by myocardial contrast echocardiography in preparation for percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation

In patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) supplemented by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can provide a therapeutic benefit. We report a 33-year-old woman with HOCM in which MCE revealed a septal branch artery supplying the postero-medial papillary muscles. Thus, PTSMA was aborted because of the risk of acute mitral regurgitation secondary to papillary muscle dysfunction.