CT定位及多靶点组合治疗强迫症临床研究

目的 研究多靶点组合对强迫症的治疗作用.方法 采用立体定向方法,运用CT定位和多靶点组合,射频热凝治疗强迫症例.采用Yale-Brown强迫症量表、Hamilton抑郁、焦虑量表对照评估.结果 42例强迫症中显效 25 例,进步 12 例.结论 双侧扣带回 双侧内囊前肢多靶点组合治疗难治性精神病的强迫症有明显的治疗作用.     

双侧内囊前肢毁损术治疗难治性强迫症疗效及随访研究

目的　对难治性强迫症进行双侧内囊前肢毁损术治疗 ,评定手术疗效并进行 2年随访 ,以进一步探索脑外科手术对难治性强迫症的疗效 ,并探讨手术治疗的良好适应症。方法　对 2 8例难治性强迫症患者进行双侧内囊前肢毁损术治疗 ,并分别在手术前、手术后二周、手术后三月、手术后六月、手术后一年、手术后二年进行Y BOCS、HAMA、HAMD量表评定及术后疗效评定。结果　 (1)强迫症患者手术后各期Y BOCS评分、HAMA评分与手术前比较均下降 ,有极显著差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;(2 )手术后各期Y BOCS的强迫思维评分均有明显下降 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,强迫行为在手术后 1年和 2年 ,与手术前比较无明显改变 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;(3)手术后 2年的总有效率为 5 3.5 % ,明显低于手术后 3月的总有效率 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　采用双侧内囊毁损术有相当的治疗效果 ,对于难治性强迫症患者可作为一种补充治疗手段 ;手术治疗对强迫行为的长期疗效较差 ,以严重的强迫思维为主的难治性强迫症患者为手术更好的适应症。     

立体定向核团毁损术治疗难治性强迫症27例分析

目的：探讨立体定向核团毁损术治疗难治性强迫症的临床疗效。方法对27例难治性强迫症病人,采用C T导向立体定向手术对双侧扣带回、内囊前肢实施多靶点毁损治疗。术前在256层螺旋C T 扫描下定出双侧扣带回、内囊前肢拟毁损的靶点,术中用电阻抗监测验证靶点,70℃射频毁损60～75 s。术前及术后6个月及1 a由精神病专科医师独立进行Yale-Brown强迫症量表、Hamilton抑郁量表、Hamilton焦虑量表的评定比较。结果本组27例手术病人中强迫症状完全消失13例,显效8例,有效3例,无效3例。7例病人在术后出现记忆力下降和定向障碍,6例术后2周恢复;5例出现尿失禁,在1周后缓解;1例出现一侧肢体轻偏瘫,复查头颅CT 未见出血,经扩血管及高压氧等治疗3周后肌力恢复。结论螺旋CT导向立体定向双侧扣带回、内囊前肢毁损术对顽固性强迫症病人疗效明显,可有效提高患者的生活质量,恢复社会功能。     

双侧内囊前肢和扣带回毁损术治疗难治性强迫症(附34例临床分析)

目的 探讨双侧内囊前肢和双侧扣带回毁损术治疗难治性强迫症的临床疗效.方法 对34例难治性强迫症患者,采用立体定向双侧内囊前肢与扣带回前部毁损术,并分别在术前与术后2周、6个月、1年、2年由精神科医师进行YBOCS、HAMA、HAMD量表评定以及术后疗效评定.5例患者在术后6个月因疗效不佳而接受二次手术.结果 难治性强迫症患者术后各期YBOCS、HAMA、HAMD评分与术前比较均明显下降.术后6个月的总有效率(70.6%)明显低于术后2周的总有效率(94.1%),但术后1年、2年的总有效率与术后6个月的总有效率比较无明显差异.结论 立体定向双侧内囊前肢与双侧扣带回前部毁损术对难治性强迫症患者疗效显著,并可保持较好的远期疗效.     

腹侧内囊前肢小毁损灶治疗难治性强迫症的随访观察

目的研究立体定向下双侧腹侧内囊前肢小毁损灶手术治疗难治性强迫症的临床疗效与安全性。方法 18例难治性强迫症病例,均行内囊前肢毁损术,毁损灶长度左侧内囊为10 mm,右侧内囊12 mm,术后1、3、6个月短期随访并以耶鲁-布朗强迫症状量表(Y-BOCS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估症状改善情况及安全性指标。结果术后随访治疗有效11例(61.1%),部分有效1例(5.6%),无明显改善或无效6例(33.3%)。病人术后Y-BOCS评分显著降低,不良反应轻微。结论立体定向下双侧腹侧内囊前肢小毁损术对难治性强迫症有明显疗效,副作用多为短期、可恢复,是药物与心理治疗无效后的一种增效治疗选择。     

伏隔核联合内囊前肢脑深部电刺激治疗难治性强迫症(2例病例报告)

目的脑深部电刺激正逐步取代传统毁损手术用于治疗难治性强迫症。然而,由于缺乏大样本量的前瞻性随机对照研究,最佳的刺激靶点及最优的刺激参数仍不甚明确。近年来,国际上涌现出一批采用内囊前肢或伏隔核为刺激靶点治疗难治性强迫症的小样本量报道,均提示不错临床疗效。为此,我中心采用伏隔核和内囊前肢同时刺激,探索更优多靶点组合及程控参数。方法 2015年12月到2018年5月四川大学华西医院神经外科完成2例双靶点脑深部电刺激治疗难治性强迫症病例,两例病例分别完成27个月和12个月临床随访,包括术前、术后强迫症状和一系列认知功能评估。结果开机后经过多次程控参数调整,两例患者不仅强迫症状明显缓解,而且焦虑抑郁情绪也有所改善。长期随访提示,两例患者强迫症状分别缓解75%和83%,均未出现明显的神经及认知功能废损。结论内囊前肢联合伏隔核DBS刺激难治性OCD证实了较好临床疗效。通过手术前后靶点影响分析及程控测试提示:内囊前肢腹侧中段联合伏隔核刺激提示更优靶点组合,即以较低能量达到明显改善强迫症状目的。     

伽玛刀治疗难治性强迫症临床研究

目的:探讨伽玛刀治疗难治性强迫症的疗效和安全性。方法:选择12例门诊或住院难治性强迫症患者,使用伽玛刀毁损内囊前肢进行治疗。于手术前、手术后1个月、3个月、6个月、1年、2年、3年评定耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表(Y-BOCS)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)。结果:伽玛刀手术后3个月开始起效,Y-BOCS评分显著降低,1年疗效达高峰。总有效率为91.7%(11/12),其中7例痊愈,3例显著进步,1例进步,1例无效。经3年随访,未发现严重不良反应,仅1例出现人格改变。结论:伽玛刀是目前治疗难治性强迫症的一种安全有效的方法。     

多靶点治疗强迫缓慢型难治性强迫症1例

目的探讨强迫缓慢型难治性强迫症外科治疗方式、疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析1例强迫缓慢型难治性强迫症病例的临床资料。在经过长期内科治疗疗效甚微的情况下,先后行双侧内囊前肢射频毁损术及伏隔核射频毁损术治疗。结果内囊前肢毁损术后症状有较好改善,但术后3个月症状开始反弹,并于术后12个月行伏隔核毁损术。第2次术后6个月,强迫症状和强迫缓慢开始明显改善,再次术后12个月时,基本恢复到正常人水平。结论对于强迫缓慢型难治性强迫症,在内科方法疗效欠佳的情况下,多靶点外科治疗或许是一种尝试性选择。     

立体定向手术治疗精神病初步报告(附11例报告)

我们自1988年12月至1989年12月用立体定向技术治疗11例精神病人,获得较满意效果。其中精神分裂症9例,脑发育迟滞并发作性精神障碍1例,神经症1例。病例与靶点选择:精神分裂症靶点选择:扣带回(双侧)1例;双侧扣带回+1侧杏仁核5例;双侧扣带回+双侧杏仁核2例;双侧扣带回+双侧内囊前支1例。脑发育迟滞并发作性精神障碍第一次手术毁损双侧杏仁核,效果欠佳,于20天后二次手术毁损双侧扣带回+双侧内囊前支。神经症:双侧扣带回+双侧内囊前支。疗效评价精神分裂症:9例病人于手术后,由2～3位精神病科医师采用BPRS精神量表评分,近期     

立体定向射频多靶点联合毁损治疗顽固性精神病

目的：探讨立体定向射频多靶点联合毁损治疗顽固性精神病的作用。方法：对18例顽固性精神病患行CT和MRI引导立体定向射频双侧杏仁核和内囊前肢联合毁损，症状不缓解病人行双侧扣带回及双侧尾状核下束切开毁损术。结果：术后随访3个月－3年，有效率为69％，无效率为31％。结论：立体定向射频多靶点联合毁损治疗顽固性精神病是一种较安全、有效的方法。     

Idiopathic bilateral trigeminal neuralgia treated by bilateral microvascular decompression

Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia is the most common type of cranial neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is a form of facial pain characterized by proximal lancinating pain confined to the somatosensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Bilateral trigeminal neuralgia is a rare situation with an incidence of 1% to 6% in large trigeminal neuralgia series. There is no single or standard method for the treatment of bilateral trigeminal neuralgia. Microvascular decompression for treatment trigeminal neuralgia is an effective and relatively safe method in older patients. We report a rare case of bilateral trigeminal neuralgia treated by bilateral microvascular decompression.     

A case of congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome due to bilateral schizencephaly.

A case of congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS) associated with bilateral perisylvian schizencephaly in a 24-year-old woman is reported. She presented the classical clinical triad of CBPS, which included congenital facio-masticatory diplegia, epilepsy and only mild mental retardation, despite the presence of bilateral, open-lip clefts in the perisylvian region. We hypothesize that the minimal loss of cortical tissue, along with the possible sparing of vital white matter association fibers and neuronal plasticity might have contributed to the better functional outcome in this patient.     

Infantile bilateral striatal necrosis

Summary A case of infantile bilateral striatal necrosis (IBSN) is reported, the first one found in Scandinavia. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigations did not reveal any evidence of a neurometabolic disease. By computed tomography (CT) degeneration of putamen of either side was detected. The neuropathologic findings included extensive bilateral destruction of the striatum and pallidum and degeneration of the substantia nigra and tegmental nuclei. In the damaged regions, accumulations of cells containing sudanophilic lipids were found and Alzheimer type II glial cells, which were also seen in the cortex. On the basis of the clinical picture and the destruction of nerve cells in particular areas of the brain, in the present case and previously published cases of IBSN, the possible role of glutamatc and other excitotoxic transmitters in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed.Supported by a grant from Expressens fond för perinatalforskning     

双侧平衡去骨瓣治疗双瞳散大患者的救治经验

目的探讨双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术在治疗特重型颅脑外伤致双瞳散大患者中的作用。方法对我科2005年1月至2010年12月收治的58例特重型颅脑外伤致双瞳散大手术患者进行回顾性分析,其中2005年1月至2007年9月仅行病灶侧去骨瓣减压术30例(A组),2007年10月至2010年12月采用双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术28例(B组),分析并比较两组患者颅内压、预后及并发症情况。结果采用双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术者较仅对血肿侧去骨瓣减压者颅内压下降有统计学意义(P<0.01);死亡率及预后良好率均明显好于后者(P<0.05)。结论双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术可有效降低特重型颅脑外伤致双瞳散大患者的死亡率及急性脑膨出和脑梗死的发生率,并提高其生活质量。     

Post-partum pituitary apoplexy with bilateral third nerve palsy and bilateral carotid occlusion

This study describes a patient with post-partum collapse secondary to pituitary apoplexy with bilateral carotid artery occlusion. A 29-year-old female, post delivery of a healthy child, presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3, fixed dilated pupils, complete ophthalmoplegia, and bilateral compression of the internal carotid arteries. These symptoms were due to a giant pituitary macroadenoma. She underwent a craniotomy and subsequently survived with minor cognitive deficits and functional vision. Bilateral carotid occlusion caused by pituitary apoplexy is rare, yet survival with only minor deficits is possible.     

Idiopathic bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis

A 41-year-old man complained of subacute onset of dyspnea and pain in the neck and chest. He was diagnosed with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, based on clinical inspection of the breathing pattern and transdiaphragmatic pressure recording, and was trained to use a portable bi-level positive airway pressure apparatus (BiPAP). Needle electromyography showed profuse fibrillation potentials and positive waves in the diaphragm, more abundant on the right than left side, and no response to phrenic nerve stimulation. Other muscles were not involved. Follow-up examinations, performed at 9 and 12 months after onset of paralysis, demonstrated a slow but progressive improvement of the patient's respiratory function, together with the appearance of reinnervation potentials in the diaphragm, and polyphasic, long-latency responses to phrenic nerve stimulation. The subacute onset of the paralysis associated with local pain, and its subsequent recovery, suggest bilateral proximal lesions in the phrenic nerves. In the absence of traumatic or metabolic causes, these findings suggest that the phrenic nerve can be a target in idiopathic neuritis.