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1.
This study examined the relation between perceived support from family and cardiovascular (CV) responses to interaction in
45 married couples, 24 to 50 years old. Gender-specific median splits on Family Support scores from the Brief Social Support
Questionnaire defined high versus low support groups. CV responses were obtained from both spouses during baseline and 3 stressors:
reading control, conversing about events of the day, and conflict discussion. Men with low support had higher systolic (SBP)
and diastolic pressure (DBP) than men with high support or either group of women at baseline and during all task periods (p < .004 and .05). Women with high support did not differ in blood pressure (BP) from women with low support. Men and women
with low support had higher vascular resistance indexes (VRI) than those with high support, during all periods (p < .0015), and reported lower dyadic satisfaction and total dyadic adjustment. Because a disproportionate number of non-While
participants reported low family support, secondary analyses that included race as a covariate were conducted. Covarying for
race did not produce substantial results for any of the measures (SBP,p < .05; DBP,p < .058; VRI, p < .021). Post-hoc analyses were also conducted, in which the marital dyad was considered the unit of analysis. For these
analyses, in which both spouses’ perceptions of family support as high or low were considered together, the wife’s perceived
support did not influence the husband’s BP, whereas his perceived support did influence his BP (ps < .03). For VRI in both men and women, the spouses’ support level, as well as the participant’s own support level, affected
responses (ps < .02). Thus, high family support is associated with both marital and CV benefits for both husbands and wives, although husbands
may benefit more. 相似文献
2.
Chronically hostile persons may be at greater risk of cardiovascular illness, perhaps because of their more pronounced physiologic responses to interpersonal stressors. The present study of married couples examined the association between Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) Scale scores and cardiovascular reactivity while couples were engaged in a discussion task with or without an incentive to exert control over their partner. Cynical hostility was associated with greater heart rate (HR) reactivity among husbands in both conditions and with greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity among husbands attempting to influence their wives. Further, husbands' cynical hostility was associated with greater SBP reactivity in their wives. Wives' cynical hostility was unrelated to their own or their husbands' reactivity. These results underscore the importance of social contexts in the association between hostility and psychophysiologic processes and suggest that the motive to exert social control may be important for hostile persons. 相似文献
3.
OBJECTIVE: Prior studies demonstrate that hostile persons respond to social stressors with heightened cardiovascular responses. This study examined the effects of individual differences in hostility and two experimentally manipulated social stressors on cardiovascular reactivity during marital interaction. METHODS: Sixty couples participated in a discussion task under conditions of high or low evaluative threat and while either agreeing or disagreeing with each other. Individual differences in hostility were assessed with the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Participants' appraisal of their spouses' behavior during the interaction task was assessed with a standardized measure. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate responses were recorded. RESULTS: Among husbands, hostility was associated with greater systolic blood pressure reactivity under high, but not low, threat. Appraisals suggested that this might be due to husbands' efforts to assert dominance in the interaction. Wives' hostility scores were unrelated to cardiovascular reactivity, but wives disagreeing with hostile husbands showed greater heart rate reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Heightened cardiovascular reactivity to stressful marital interactions among hostile men provides additional evidence of the viability of this psychophysiologic mechanism as a link between hostility and health. The lack of effects among wives suggests sex differences in the social psychophysiology of hostility. Interpersonal concepts and methods are useful in the study of psychosocial risk factors and mechanisms. 相似文献
4.
Individuals diagnosed with lung and head and neck (HN) cancers and their spouses are at increased risk for distress. This
study assessed whether the way couples communicate about cancer and their perceptions of relationship intimacy influenced
both partners’ adjustment. One-hundred thirty-nine patients and their spouses [For purposes of clarity, we refer to the patients’
intimate partner as the spouse, regardless of actual marital status and we reserve the term partner to refer to the other
person in the couple (i.e., the patient’s partner is the spouse and the spouse’s partner is the patient)] completed measures
of spousal communication, intimacy, and distress at three time points over 6 months. Using multilevel modeling, an over-time
actor-partner interdependence model was specified that examined whether intimacy mediated associations between one’s own and
one’s partner’s reports of communication at baseline and later distress. Patients and spouses who reported greater baseline
distress reported more negative baseline communication as well as lower levels of intimacy and greater distress over time.
Mediation analyses showed patients’ and spouses’ reports of positive spousal communication were associated with less subsequent
distress largely through their effects on intimacy. Clinicians working with head and neck or lung cancer patients should assess
communication and intimacy because both impact couples’ distress. 相似文献
5.
We examined social support as a moderator of cynical hostility in relation to physical activity and body mass index among college students (n = 859; M = 18.71 years (SD = 1.22); 60% women, 84% White). After controlling for negative affect in hierarchical linear regression models, greater hostility was associated with lesser physical activity among those with low social support, as expected. Greater hostility was also associated with greater physical activity among those high in social support, ps < .05. Effects were observed for men only. Hostility and social support were unrelated to body mass index, ps > .05. Young men with a hostile disposition and low social support may be at risk for a sedentary lifestyle for reasons other than negative affect. 相似文献
6.
Serina A. Neumann Karl J. Maier Jessica P. Brown Paul P. Giggey Denise C. Cooper Stephen J. Synowski Layne A. Goble Edward C. Suarez Shari R. Waldstein 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2011,18(1):52-64
Background
This study emphasizes the importance of studying the emotional, motivational, and cognitive characteristics accompanying and the potential hemodynamic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from interpersonal conflict.Purpose
The relation of dispositional hostility to cardiovascular reactivity during a frustrating anagram task and post-task recovery was investigated.Methods
The sample was composed of 99 healthy participants (age, 18–30 years; 53% women; 51% Caucasian; 49% African American)—half randomly assigned to a harassment condition. High and low hostility groups were created by a median split specific to sex and race subgroup score distributions on the Cook–Medley Hostility Scale. It was hypothesized that hostility would interact with harassment such that harassed, high hostile individuals would display the greatest cardiovascular and emotional reactivity and slowest recovery of the four groups. Participants completed a 10-min baseline, a 6-min anagram task, and a 5-min recovery period with blood pressure, heart rate, pre-ejection period, stroke index, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance index measured.Results
Harassed participants displayed significantly greater cardiovascular responses and lower positive affect to the task and slower systolic blood pressure (SBP) recovery than did nonharassed participants. The high hostile group, irrespective of harassment, showed blunted cardiovascular responses during the task and delayed SBP recovery than the low hostile group.Conclusion
Although the predicted interaction between hostility and harassment was not supported in the context of cardiovascular responses, such an interaction was observed in the context of blame attributions, whereby harassed hostile participants were found to blame others for their task performance than the other subgroups. 相似文献7.
Hostility has been inconsistently related to cardiovascular reactivity in studies of women. In this study we examined hostility
in college-age women in relation to cardiovascular reactivity and mood during self-disclosure of a distressing event to an
unknown man. Women in the self-disclosure condition had greater systolic blood pressure, anxiety, and depressed mood than
participants in the nondisclosure condition independent of their level of hostility. Hostile women in the self-disclosure
condition reported greater anger postexperiment than women in the other three groups, and anger was related to diastolic blood
pressure. Anxiety and depressed mood were related to systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure for low hostile
women in the self-disclosure condition. Results suggest an interrelation of hostility with negative mood and reactivity that
requires further study.
We thank Doug Denney, Ph.D., Sam Green, Ph.D., Annette Stanton, Ph.D., and Janice Triplett, Ph.D., for their editorial and
statistical assistance. We would also like to acknowledge the research assistants for their work on this project: Kendall
Day, Derek Dummermuth, Nick Foley, Lisa Harvey, Catherine Hess, Tracy Klem, Jessica Larkin, Kristina McNelley, and Brian O’Neill. 相似文献
8.
Frassinetti F Ferri F Maini M Benassi MG Gallese V 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2011,212(1):153-160
We tested the hypothesis that the body self-advantage, i.e., the facilitation in discriminating self versus other people’s
body-effectors, is the expression of an implicit and body-specific knowledge, based mainly on the sensorimotor representation
of one’s own body-effectors. Alternatively, the body self-advantage could rely on visual recognition of pictorial cues. According
to the first hypothesis, using gray-scale pictures of body-parts, the body self-advantage should emerge when self-body recognition
is implicitly required and should be specific for body-effectors and not for inanimate-objects. In contrast, if the self-advantage
is due to a mere visual–perceptual facilitation, it should be independent of the implicit or explicit request (and could be
extended also to objects). To disentangle these hypotheses, healthy participants were implicitly or explicitly required to
recognize either their own body-effectors or inanimate-objects. Participants were more accurate in the implicit task with
self rather than with others’ body-effectors. In contrast, the self-advantage was not found when an explicit recognition of
one’s own body-effectors was required, suggesting that the body self-advantage relies upon a sensorimotor, rather than a mere
visual representation of one’s own body. Moreover, the absence of both self/other and implicit/explicit effects, when processing
inanimate-objects, underlines the differences between the body and other objects. 相似文献
9.
Baron KG Smith TW Butner J Nealey-Moore J Hawkins MW Uchino BN 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2007,30(1):1-10
Hostility may contribute to risk for disease through psychosocial vulnerability, including the erosion of the quality of close
relationships. This study examined hostility, anger, concurrent ratings of the relationship, and change in marital adjustment
over 18 months in 122 married couples. Wives’ and husbands’ hostility and anger were related to concurrent ratings of marital
adjustment and conflict. In prospective analyses, wives’ but not husbands’ hostility and anger were related to change in marital
adjustment. In hierarchical regression and SEM models wives’ anger was a unique predictor of both wives’ and husbands’ change
in marital adjustment. The association between wives’ anger and change in husbands’ marital satisfaction was mediated by husbands’
ratings of conflict in the marriage. These results support the role of hostility and anger in the development of psychosocial
vulnerability, but also suggest an asymmetry in the effects of wives’ and husbands’ trait anger and hostility on marital adjustment. 相似文献
10.
Massimiliano Conson Anna Rita Aromino Luigi Trojano 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2010,206(4):449-453
We required healthy subjects to recognize visually presented one’s own or others’ hands in egocentric or allocentric perspective.
Both right- and left-handers were faster in recognizing dominant hands in egocentric perspective and others’ non-dominant
hand in allocentric perspective. These findings demonstrated that body-specific information contributes to sense of ownership,
and that the “peri-dominant-hand space” is the preferred reference frame to distinguish self from not-self body parts. 相似文献
11.
Heffner KL Loving TJ Kiecolt-Glaser JK Himawan LK Glaser R Malarkey WB 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2006,29(4):317-325
We examined 31 older couples’ wife demand/husband withdraw communication patterns and cortisol responses to marital conflict. Regression analyses indicated that wife demand/husband withdraw sequences during conflict related to cortisol responses only for wives. Based on a mixed model that accounted for the interdependence of spouses’ perceptions of communication patterns and outcomes, older spouses who reported greater wife demand/husband withdraw patterns in their marriage had greater cortisol responses during a conflict discussion; actual demand-withdraw did not relate to cortisol responses in this model. Findings suggest that perceived communication patterns contribute to neuroendocrine responses to marital conflict, and implications for marriage and health research with older couples are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Francesca Ferri Giovanna Cristina Campione Riccardo Dalla Volta Claudia Gianelli Maurizio Gentilucci 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2010,203(4):637-646
The present study aimed at verifying whether and why sequences of actions directed to oneself are facilitated when compared
to action sequences directed to conspecifics. In experiment 1, participants reached to grasp and brought a piece of food either
to their own mouth for self-feeding or to the mouth of a conspecific for feeding. In control conditions, they executed the
same sequence to place the piece of food into a mouth-like aperture in a flat container placed upon either their own mouth
or the mouth of a conspecific. Kinematic analysis showed that the actions of reaching and bringing were faster when directed
to the participant’s own body, especially for self-feeding. The data support the hypothesis that reaching to grasp and bringing
to one’s own body and, in particular, one’s own mouth for self-feeding, form an automatic sequence, because this is the result
of more frequent execution and coordination between different effectors of one’s own body, such as arm and mouth. In contrast,
the same sequence directed toward a conspecific is not automatic and requires more accuracy probably because it is guided
by social intentions. This hypothesis was supported by the results of control experiment 2 in which we compared the kinematics
of reaching to grasp and placing the piece of food into the mouth of a conspecific (i.e. feeding) with those of reaching to
grasp and placing the same piece of food into a mouth-like aperture in a human body shape (i.e. placing). Indeed, the entire
sequence was slowed down during feeding when compared to placing. 相似文献
13.
The selective effect of the image of a hand on visuotactile interactions as assessed by performance on the crossmodal congruency task 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Igarashi Y Kimura Y Spence C Ichihara S 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2008,184(1):31-38
Seeing one’s own body (either directly or indirectly) can influence visuotactile crossmodal interactions. Previously, it has
been shown that even viewing a simple line drawing of a hand can also modulate such crossmodal interactions, as if viewing
the picture of a hand somehow primes the representation of one’s own hand. However, factors other than the sight of a symbolic
picture of a hand may have modulated the crossmodal interactions reported in previous research. In the present study, we examined
the crossmodal modulatory effects of viewing five different visual images (photograph of a hand, line drawing of a hand, line
drawing of a car, an U-shape, and an ellipse) on tactile performance. Participants made speeded discrimination responses regarding
the location of brief vibrotactile targets presented to either the tip or base of their left index finger, while trying to
ignore visual distractors presented to either the left or right of central fixation. We compared the visuotactile congruency
effects elicited when the five different visual images were presented superimposed over the visual distractors. Participants’
tactile discrimination performance was modulated to a significantly greater extent by viewing the photograph of a hand than
when viewing the outline drawing of a hand. No such crossmodal congruency effects were reported in any of the other conditions.
These results therefore suggest that visuotactile interactions are specifically modulated by the image of the hand rather
than just by any simple orientation cues that may be provided by the image of a hand.
相似文献
Yuka IgarashiEmail: |
14.
Hostility is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. When challenged, individuals high on hostility exhibit a hyperreactive psychophysiological response to stressors, thereby increasing risk for developing cardiovascular disease. However, low resting heart rate (HR) is associated with physical aggression and hostility in children, adolescents, and adults. Based on a community sample of 296 men (mean age = 32.0), we (a) address whether aggression/hostility relates to physical health through relationships with cardiovascular levels at rest and in response to stressors, and (b) determine how relations between aggression and health are altered by including psychophysiological indices in statistical models. The Cook‐Medley cynical/hostile attitudes and the Buss‐Perry physical aggression and hostility measures assessed aggression. Health was assessed as systolic blood pressure (SBP), report of medical conditions, and a metabolic composite. Reactivity to stressors was assessed with HR, SBP, and diastolic blood pressure. Aggression was negatively related to both resting HR and reactivity. High resting HR and reactivity were, however, positively related to poor health. Thus, the relationship between aggression and HR and reactivity suppressed an overall relationship between high aggression/hostility and poor health. In the presence of covariates for socioeconomic status, race, health behaviors, and medications, the relationship between aggression and health was significantly strengthened when HR level and reactivity were included in models. In sum, at early midlife, low HR among aggressive and hostile individuals is related to less health risk. Aggression and hostility have a deleterious influence on health, but primarily among individuals with higher HR and possibly greater cardiovascular reactivity. 相似文献
15.
Within-family covariation between interparental hostility and adolescent behavior across three interactions over a 2-year period was explored in a sample that included 37 typical adolescents and 35 adolescents recently hospitalized for psychiatric difficulties. More interparental hostility across the three interactions was associated with more adolescent hostility and more positive engagement (at a trend level) regardless of psychiatric background. Parent-to-child hostility in each interaction mediated the link for adolescent hostility but not for positive adolescent engagement. Emotion regulation capacities and age were linked to variability in adolescents' behavior in the presence of interparental conflict. In interactions with more interparental hostility, adolescents with greater capacity to tolerate negative affect were more likely to show increased positive engagement, and adolescents who were better able to modulate their emotional expression were less likely to show increased hostility. Covariation between interparental and adolescent hostility across the three family interactions decreased as the adolescent aged. These findings are consistent with the theory that exposure to interparental hostility is emotionally disequilibrating, and that adolescent responses may reflect differences in emotion regulation and other developmentally based capacities. Gender and variations across families in overall levels of hostile parenting were also linked with adolescent behavior in the presence of interparental hostility. 相似文献
16.
Veilleux LN Proteau L 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2011,208(3):345-358
We determined whether uncertainty about the location of one’s hand in virtual environments limits the efficacy of online control
processes. In the Non-aligned and Aligned conditions, the participant’s hand was represented by a cursor on a vertical or
horizontal display, respectively. In the Natural condition, participants saw their hand. During an acquisition phase, visual
feedback was either permitted or not during movement execution. To test the hypothesis (Norris et al. 2001) that reliance on visual feedback increases as the task becomes less natural (Natural < Aligned < Non-aligned), following
acquisition, participants performed a transfer phase without visual feedback. During acquisition in both visual feedback conditions,
movement endpoint variability increased as the task became less natural. This suggests that the orientation of the display
and the representation of one’s hand by a cursor introduced uncertainty about its location, which limits the efficacy of online
control processes. In contradiction with the hypothesis of Norris et al. (2001), withdrawing visual feedback in transfer had a larger deleterious effect on movement accuracy as the task became less natural.
This suggests that the CNS increases the weight attributed to the input that can be processed without first having to be transformed. 相似文献
17.
Effect of Harassment and Competition Upon Cardiovascular and Plasma Catecholamine Responses in Type A and Type B Individuals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David C. Glass Lawrence R. Krakoff Richard Contrada William F. Hilton Kathleen Kehoe Elinor G. Mannucci Carla Collins Barry Snow Ellen Elting 《Psychophysiology》1980,17(5):453-463
Two experiments examined the relationship between Type A behavior and cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to experimental competition and harassment. Experiment I showed that, in 44 male adults, the presence of a hostile opponent caused no significant differences in the responses of Type B's. In A's, by contrast, hostility elicited greater increases in systolic blood pressure, heart rate and plasma epinephrine during competition. Behavior pattern A appears selectively predisposed to enhanced reaction to hostile interactions, but competition alone does not distinguish between individuals with A and B behavior patterns. Experiment II, with 20 cases, was carried out to determine whether or not the absence of A-B differences in the presence of a nonhostile competitor could be explained by Type B's reactivity to the challenge of competition alone. The results were consistent with this interpretation. A's showed greater blood pressure and plasma epinephrine evaluations than B's when both types were confronted by the challenge of task performance. Consideration was given to the role of sympathetic activation in mediating the tendency of Type A individuals to develop coronary heart disease. 相似文献
18.
Wayne H. Denton Brant R. Burleson Barbara V. Hobbs Margaret Von Stein Christopher P. Rodriguez 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2001,24(5):401-421
Gottman's (1990, 1991; Gottman and Levenson, 1988) psychophysiologic model of marital interaction was tested in 60 married couples. Participants were classified as avoiders or initiators of relationship problem discussions by trained coders observing videotaped semistructured interviews. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate reactivity was assessed during the cold pressor test, during a mental math test, while watching a marital argument on video, and during a conjoint interview. As hypothesized, avoiders had significantly greater systolic BP reactivity during the interview. Additionally, husbands who interacted with avoider wives had significantly greater diastolic and systolic BP reactivity than did husbands of initiator wives. Initiator husbands, in particular, who were married to avoider wives had greater systolic BP reactivity. These results both support Gottman's psychophysiologic model and suggest modifications of it. 相似文献
19.
Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in paramedics: effects of cynical hostility and defensiveness 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate responses were obtained in 33 male paramedics during a 24-hour work shift to examine the effects of episodes of occupational stress on cardiovascular reactivity and subjective reports of stress. The aim of this study was to determine how individual differences in cynical hostility and defensiveness interacted with situational demands to affect cardiovascular responses in a natural setting. Defensiveness was found to interact significantly with cynical hostility in predicting subjects' heart rate responses in different work contexts. Specifically, in a hospital setting involving interpersonal conflict, subjects who were high in both defensiveness and hostility showed heart rate responses approximately 10 bpm higher than subjects who were high in hostility but low in defensiveness. The same pattern of relationships was obtained for diastolic blood pressure. High and low hostile subjects were also found to differ from each other in their daily mean levels of ambulatory blood pressure during awake and sleep periods. These findings obtained in a natural setting lend further support to the significance of cynical hostility for cardiovascular reactivity. The results for defensiveness suggest the need for further research on the role of conflicting attitudes in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
20.
DeLucia PR Ott TE 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2011,214(2):215-224
Goal-directed movements performed in a virtual environment pose serious challenges to the central nervous system because the
visual and proprioceptive representations of one’s hand position are not perfectly congruent. The aim of the present study
was to determine whether the vision of one’s hand or upper arm, compared with that of a cursor representing the tips of one’s
index finger and thumb, optimizes the planning and modulation of one’s movement as the cursor nears the target. The participants
performed manual aiming movements that differed by the source of static visual information available during movement planning
and the source of dynamic information available during movement execution. The results revealed that the vision of one’s hand
during the movement planning phase results in more efficient online control processes than when the movement planning was
based on a virtual representation of one’s initial hand location. This observation was seen regardless of the availability
of online visual feedback during movement execution. These results suggest that a more reliable estimation of the initial
hand position results in more accurate estimation of the position of the cursor/hand at any one time resulting in more accurate
online control. 相似文献