经动脉途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的 探讨经动脉途径介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静瘘的疗效和策略.方法 回顾性分析经动脉途径介入栓塞治疗的19例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘.结果 15例临床治愈,3例明显好转,1例治疗失败.其中术后即刻造影提示12例瘘口完全消失;6例经主要供血动脉栓寒后,经瘘口血流量明显减少,压颈1个月后5例临床治愈,1例症状明显缓解.经动脉治疗失败病例改经岩下窦入路双侧海绵窦微弹簧圈栓塞后治愈.无一例出现永久性介入相关并发症.临床随访7个月到4年,病人尤临床症状复发.结论 经动脉途径介入栓塞对于部分海绵窦区硬脑膜动静瘘的病人是安全、有效且经济的治疗方法 .     

Onyx胶栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效分析

目的 探究Onyx胶栓塞30例硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）的有效性及预后的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析使用Onyx胶栓塞的30例DAVF患者资料.经动脉、静脉、动静脉联合入路栓塞的患者例数分别为25例、2例、3例.结果 28例获解剖学治愈,29例获临床症状治愈,术后随访显示病灶闭塞或残余病灶未增大,未见复发.介入治疗30例DAVF患者的临床疗效与Cognard分级有关,分型越低,治疗容易、预后较好,差异有显著性（χ2=3.96,P=0.042）.结论 Onyx胶栓塞DAVF是有效的,Cognard分级越低,愈后越好.     

介入栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效观察

硬脑膜动静脉瘘（dural arteriovenous fistulas,DAVF）是临床少见的颅内血管性疾病,约占颅内血管畸形的2．4％。其发病原因及发病机制尚未完全清楚,治疗上有许多棘手之处。我院于2004年10月-2008年6月收治了4例DAVF患者,均给予介入栓塞治疗,术后随访3～12个月,现将治疗结果报道如下。     

经动脉入路Onyx-18栓塞治疗小脑幕区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的 探讨经动脉入路应用Onyx-18栓塞小脑幕区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者的临床治疗经验.方法 分析3例确诊为小脑幕区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的患者,就其临床表现、影像学、治疗策略及结果进行研究并复习相关文献.结果 3例患者均经动脉入路Onyx-18一次性完全栓塞小脑幕硬脑膜动静脉瘘,术后血管造影示病变消失,随访3个月,未再出现颅内出血,1例GOS=5分,2例GOS=4分.结论 选择性脑血管造影是确诊本病的唯一可靠手段,经动脉入路应用非黏附性液体栓塞剂栓塞可以完全栓塞小脑幕硬脑膜动静脉瘘.     

α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯分次栓塞治疗巨大脑动静脉畸形

目的探讨α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）分次栓塞治疗巨大脑动静脉畸形的安全性及疗效。方法17例巨大脑动静脉畸形患者均接受栓塞术前全脑血管造影检查,观察畸形血管团位置、供血动脉来源、静脉引流情况和总体动静脉循环时间,测量畸形血管团大小,进行Septzler分级,在数字减影血管造影监视下行NBCA分次栓塞治疗。结果17例巨大脑动静脉畸形经NBCA分次栓塞治疗后畸形血管团直径明显缩小,差异有高度统计学意义[（8.1±1.24）cmvs（2.3±0.45）cm,P〈0.01]。1例患者接受3次治疗后2个月再次发生畸形血管团破裂出血而放弃治疗,2例患者术中并发脑血管痉挛,2例患者术中出现一过性眩晕、头痛,自然缓解。结论NBCA分次栓塞治疗巨大脑动静脉畸形安全、有效、并发症少,但彻底治愈巨大脑动静脉畸形,仍需结合栓塞后手术治疗或立体定向放射治疗。     

经动脉栓塞治疗肾动静脉畸形或瘘

目的评价经动脉栓塞治疗肾动静畸形或瘘所致血尿的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析了因肉眼血尿行肾动脉造影而确诊的肾血管病变8例,包括先天性肾动静脉畸形3例,非肿瘤获得性动静脉瘘5例,选择相应的栓塞剂行动脉栓塞治疗。结果8例病例均成功栓塞,术后1～7天内临床肉眼血尿症状完全消失,无严重并发症,随访l1～36个月无再发。结论经动脉栓塞治疗肾动静脉畸形或瘘所致的血尿是安全、有效的。     

α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯液体胶栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形

目的 探讨血管内α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(NBCA)液体胶栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的疗效. 方法 20例经脑血管造影确诊为脑动静脉畸形的患者进行血管内NBCA胶栓塞治疗,分析其疗效,其中Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级7例, Ⅳ级3例. 结果 2例Ⅰ级患者、3例Ⅱ级患者和1例Ⅲ级患者完全栓塞,其中完全栓塞的Ⅱ级患者中有1例1 a后复发;1例Ⅰ级患者、4例Ⅱ级患者和2例Ⅲ级患者90%栓塞;2例Ⅲ级患者80%栓塞; 2例Ⅲ级患者60% ～70%栓塞;3例Ⅳ级患者50%栓塞. 结论 血管内NBCA胶栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形短期疗效确切.     

α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯液体胶栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形

目的探讨血管内α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(NBCA)液体胶栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的疗效。方法20例经脑血管造影确诊为脑动静脉畸形的患者进行血管内NBCA胶栓塞治疗,分析其疗效,其中Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级3例。结果2例Ⅰ级患者、3例Ⅱ级患者和1例Ⅲ级患者完全栓塞,其中完全栓塞的Ⅱ级患者中有1例1 a后复发;1例Ⅰ级患者、4例Ⅱ级患者和2例Ⅲ级患者90%栓塞;2例Ⅲ级患者80%栓塞;2例Ⅲ级患者60%~70%栓塞;3例Ⅳ级患者50%栓塞。结论血管内NBCA胶栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形短期疗效确切。     

介入栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效观察

目的探讨介入栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的方法、疗效与安全性。方法根据栓塞入路适应证,采用动脉入路、静脉入路、动静脉联合入路栓塞治疗DAVF患者12例。结果栓塞后10例患者获得解剖学治愈,2例DSA仍可见少量病灶残留,但12例患者均获得临床治愈,术后未见复发及不良反应发生。结论严格掌握适应证,合理选择入路方式,掌握介入栓塞技巧,以保证栓塞效果确切安全。     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘的栓塞治疗：附13例报告

诊断硬脑膜动静脉瘘主要靠动脉造影。报告１３例全脑血管数字减影造影确诊病例进行选择性血管内微导管栓塞治疗情况，效果良好，对病因学、临床特征及影像学表现进行了简短的讨论。栓塞治疗的效果肯定，远期疗效有待进一步随访观察。     

Update of embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal arteriovenous communications within the dura locating near a major venous sinus and are supplied by pachymeningeal arteries. DAVFs represent 10–15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. The natural history and clinical manifestations are determined by location of the DAVFs and their angioarchitecture. Aggressive DAVF is usually associated with leptomeningeal venous drains or reflux. It may present with hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic stroke. The goal of embolization of DAVFs is total fistula occlusion without interfering with the normal dura–venous drains. Embolization can be performed by transarterial and/or transvenous routes or direct puncture of affected dural sinus. Selection of embolic materials depends on access route and angioarchitecture of the fistula. With the involution of endovascular devices, embolic materials, and high-quality angiography, endovascular embolization of DAVFs has been proved a safe and effective method of treating these complex cerebrovascular lesions.     

腹背式吻合法在动静脉内瘘术中的应用

采用微创腹背式动静脉吻合法,对171例长期进行血液透析的尿毒症患者分别行头静脉．桡动脉端侧吻合（85例,对照组）、头静脉．桡动脉腹背式端对侧吻合（86例,观察组）。两组术后的吻合口血流量（〉200ml／min分别为80例和82例）、血管并发症发生情况（6％和5％）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;手术耗时,观察组平均为36min,对照组平均为75min,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。微创腹背式动静脉吻合法是一种良好的动静脉内瘘吻合方法,具有操作简便的特点。     

Acute paraplegia following embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

Embolization therapy has been used as the initial treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) only for certain patients or in certain medical institutions due to its minimal invasiveness, but the recurrence of embolization remains a clinical challenge. The recurrent patient usually exhibits a gradual onset of symptoms and progressive deterioration of neurological function. Developing paraplegia several hours after embolization is commonly seen in patients with venous thrombosis-related complications, for which anticoagulation therapy is often administered. This article reports on a SDAVF patient who had weakness of both lower extremities before embolization and developed complete paraplegia several hours after embolization therapy, later confirmed by angiography as fistula recurrence. The symptoms were relieved gradually after second embolization. The pathophysiology of this patient is also discussed.

     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的治疗探讨

目的 探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(dural arteriovenous fistula,DAVF)的治疗方法、效果及预后.方法 25例患者中8例行颈动脉压迫或仅随访观察;17例行血管内栓塞,其中3例经静脉途径栓塞,13例经动脉途径栓塞,其中1例联合使用覆膜支架和Glubran胶治疗,1例经动脉途径治疗后再次接受经静脉途径栓塞治疗.结果 8例行颈动脉压迫或随访观察的患者中有4例症状缓解或消失,其余患者无加重;3例经静脉途径栓塞者均通过同侧或对侧岩下窦入路完全闭塞瘘口;13例经动脉途径栓塞者中4例完全闭塞瘘口,其余患者症状部分缓解;1例患者首次经动脉途径部分栓塞术后症状加重,急诊经眼上静脉穿刺置管完全栓塞.结论 海绵窦区DAVF总体预后良好,可根据患者症状和影像学特征选择恰当的治疗方式,经静脉途径栓塞治愈率高,适宜者应作为首选治疗方法.     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的栓塞治疗

目的　探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的治疗方法。方法　海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘共 12例 ,经颈外动脉以微粒栓塞 3例 ;以正丁基氰基丙烯酸异丁酯 (NBCA)栓塞 2例 ;经颈外动脉插入海绵窦以NBCA栓塞1例 ;经岩下窦以机械可脱性弹簧圈 (MDS)栓塞 1例 ;经眼上静脉以MDS栓塞 5例。结果　瘘口完全消失 8例 ;瘘口残留 4例 ,其中 2例瘘口残留患者 3个月后症状好转。结论　根据不同的类型 ,经静脉栓塞和经动脉栓塞均可作为海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的有效治疗方法     

显微外科手术与血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘临床疗效比较的meta分析

目的: 通过meta分析比较显微外科手术与血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床疗效。方法: 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane临床试验数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(Chinese BioMedical Literature Database,CBM),检索时间从数据库建库至2019年12月,纳入采用显微外科手术和血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的所有中英文文献。使用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计学分析,评估术后早期失败率、远期复发、神经功能恢复程度、并发症情况,比较两种治疗方式对硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床疗效,并对血管内栓塞治疗进行亚组分析。结果: 纳入文献46篇,共1 958例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者,其中935例采用显微外科手术治疗,1 023例采用血管内栓塞治疗,漏斗图显示未见明显发表偏倚。经meta分析结果显示,显微外科手术早期治疗失败的发生率低于血管内栓塞治疗(OR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.13~0.30, P<0.05),远期复发率也低于血管内栓塞治疗(OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.22~0.58, P<0.05),显微外科手术治疗后患者神经功能改善情况优于血管内栓塞治疗的患者(OR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.36~5.99, P<0.05),两种治疗方式患者并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义(OR=1.52, 95%CI: 0.88~2.64, P=0.14)。血管内栓塞治疗的患者中,使用Onyx胶进行栓塞比使用α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate,NBCA胶)有更高的治疗失败或复发风险,差异有统计学意义(OR=4.70, 95%CI: 1.55~14.28, P<0.05)。结论: 虽然血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的应用日趋广泛,但显微外科手术所获得的临床疗效仍明显优于血管内栓塞治疗。     

Transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes

Objective：To evaluate the safety and efficiency of transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes. Methods： Twenty seven patients with dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region were treated by transvenous embolization with micro-coils. The transvenous routes included inferior petrosal sinus, superior ophthalmic vein and facial vein. Results： Clinical cure was achieved in 23 cases and significant improvement of symptoms in 4 cases. Complete anglographic obliteration was documented in 22 patients （82%）. Residual shunting were left in 2 patients via pterygoid drainage and 1 case via inter-cavernous sinus, 2 cases via inferior petrosal sinus, disappeared one month later by manual compression carotid artery. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after embolization. Three patients had diplopia and relieved within two months after embolization. There was no permanent procedure-related morbidity. The clinic follow up ranged from 5 months to 6 years, and there was not recurrence case. Conclusion： Transvenous embolization via different venous routes is a safe and efficient method for dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region treatment.     

Transvenous embolization of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula: report of 28 cases

Background  Usually, cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula can be treated via transarterial approaches. However, in many complicated patients, transvenous approaches are superior to the transarterial ones because of the difficulties during a transarterial operation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 28 patients with cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula treated by transvenous embolization.
Methods  From September 2001 to December 2005, 28 patients with 31 cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae were treated with transvenous embolization in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The involved cavernous sinuses were catheterized via the femoral vein-inferior petrosal sinus approach or the femoral-facial-superior ophthalmic vein approach, and embolized with coils (GDC, EDC, Matrix, Orbit or free coil) or coils plus silk. The patients were followed up for 3 to 26 months.
Results  All the 31 cavernous sinuses in the 28 patients were successfully embolized. Complete angiographic obliteration of the fistulae was achieved immediately in 25 patients. Residual shunting was observed in the other 3, who had drainage through the pterygoid plexus (2 patients) or the inferior petrosal sinus (1) after the operation. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after the embolization. In 3 patients, who achieved complete angiographic obliteration immediately, the left oculomotor nerve palsy remained unchanged after the operation. Transient abducens nerve palsy was encountered in 1. In 1 patient, the occular symptoms were improved after the operation, but recurred 4 days later, and then disappeared spontaneously after 5 days. During the follow-up, no patient had recurrence. Three months after the operation, angiography was performed on the 3 patients with residual shunting. Two of them had angiographic cure, the other had residual drainage through the pterygoid plexus.
Conclusions  Transvenous catheterization and embolization of the cavernous sinus is a safe and efficient way to treat complicated cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae. It is an alternative to the patients with spontaneous cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae or those in whom transarterial embolization failed.

     

Transvenous treatment of a complex cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula secondary to balloon embolization of a traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula

Although recurrent traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula （CCF） and its treatment have beenreported sporadically,^1 a complex cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula （DAVF） secondary to balloon embolization of a direct traumatic CCF is rare. In 2005, we treated such a case via transvenous approach using coils and N-buty-2- cyanoacrylate （NBCA）. The causes of recurrent cavernous sinus DAVF and its endovascular approach are discussed.