肾血管狭窄介入治疗的经验与体会

目的评价经皮肾动脉腔内成形术(PTRA)及支架术治疗肾动脉狭窄的可能性、安全性和疗效.方法 72例患者接受肾动脉造影后诊断肾动脉狭窄性疾病,造影同时或择期行PTRA和(或)支架术.观察术前、后血管直径和血流的变化,术中、术后并发症情况;术后门诊记录病情变化,包括临床症状、血压和肾功能,术后6个月行肾动脉造影复查肾动脉再狭窄情况.高血压者术前、后应用相同的降压药物,肾功能变化通过血清肌酐值来评价.结果血管造影示72例中60例为单侧血管病变,12例为双侧肾动脉病变,共84处病变.病变狭窄程度为60%～95%,平均狭窄程度为(78.8±10.3)%.狭窄位于肾血管开口部76处(占90.4%),非开口部6处(占7.9%),肾动脉分支血管2处(占2.3%).其中,68例接受支架术,共置入78枚支架,单纯行PTRA 4例,手术即刻成功率100%.血管内径由术前平均(1.7±0.6)mm(0.8～2.6mm)增至(6.3±1.4)mm(4.0～8.0mm).术前肾功能不全者17例,术前、术后比较肾功能改善者达70.6%.该组高血压者66例,血压好转或治愈率65.2%.围术期肾周围血肿1例,股动脉拔管时出现迷走反射3例,无围手术期死亡.结论 PTRA和(或)支架术是肾动脉狭窄的安全、有效治疗方法,具有可行性,值得临床推广和应用.     

肾动脉狭窄26例的介入治疗

目的评价经皮肾动脉腔内成形术(PTRA)及支架术治疗肾动脉狭窄的安全性和近期疗效。方法26例经肾动脉造影确诊的肾动脉狭窄患者,造影同时或择期行PTRA和(或)支架术。观察术前、术后血管直径的变化,术中、术后并发症情况,高血压者术前、术后应用降血压药物的种类和剂量以及肾功能变化,并进行3～20个月随访。结果26例肾动脉狭窄均为单侧肾动脉狭窄,病变狭窄程度为70%～99%,平均狭窄程度为(86.4±11.2)%。狭窄病变位于肾动脉开口部18例(69%),非开口部8例(31%)。4例患者存在对侧肾脏萎缩和肾动脉直径细小。26例患者均置入支架,共置入26枚支架,直接支架术15例,同时进行PTRA11例,手术即刻成功率100%。血管内径由术前平均(1.6±0.7)mm(0.7～2.7mm)增至(5.2±1.4)mm(4.0～7.0mm)。术前肾功能不全者2例,术后肾功能均有改善。高血压患者26例,术后血压好转和治愈20例(76.9%)。围术期无并发症及死亡。结论PTRA和(或)支架术是治疗肾动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法。     

乙酰胆碱试验诱发冠状动脉痉挛患者血管病变特点

目的临床上因冠状动脉痉挛所致具有典型或近似典型心绞痛发作患者,冠状动脉造影常无显著狭窄,本文采用血管内超声研究病变血管的特点.方法选具有典型或近似典型心绞痛发作但无心肌梗死病史患者30例,行常规定量冠状动脉造影,随后行乙酰胆碱试验及血管内超声检查,测量血管面积、管腔面积,计算斑块面积、面积狭窄率.结果30例患者中18例乙酰胆碱试验阳性,阴性12例;前降支11例(61.1%),回旋支1例(5.5%),前降支及回旋支同时发生痉挛2例(11.1%),右冠状动脉4例(22.2%).乙酰胆碱试验阳性患者冠状动脉造影示乙酰胆碱试验前最狭窄处直径为(2.66±0.54)mm,乙酰胆碱试验阳性血管直径减少了(1.72±0.38)mm.血管内超声提示所有发生痉挛的血管均有病变.15条血管内膜呈弥漫性纤维化增生,无钙化,主要病变血管为前降支,面积狭窄率为51.7%.结论血管内超声显示病变特点均为纤维增生性,基本为稳定性斑块,且为中等狭窄程度,不需介入干预.因此对于有冠状动脉痉挛所致心绞痛患者,无禁忌症应常规行乙酰胆碱诱发试验及血管内超声检查.     

冠状动脉造影显示造影剂排空滞缓段的血管内超声研究

目的:探讨造影剂排空滞缓的冠状动脉段的病变结构特点及其临床意义。方法:对23例冠状动脉造影(CAG)显示造影剂充盈缓慢且排空滞缓的血管行血管内超声检查,分析斑块性质、测量面积狭窄率及计算重构指数。结果:与参照血管段比较,病变处血管面积[(17·04±3·86)mm2vs(14·35±3·62)mm2,P<0·01]及血管腔面积[(13·72±2·38)mm2vs(11·86±2·57)mm2,P<0·01]均显著增加,并有软斑块,狭窄程度较轻(19·48%±5·23%)。23处病变20处为正重构,重构指数为1·21±0·07。结论:小的粥样硬化斑块及正重构是导致造影剂排空滞缓的原因,这种病变具有不稳定的结构特点。     

切割球囊对吻扩张与支架术治疗分叉病变的比较研究

目的　探讨切割球囊与普通球囊对吻扩张治疗分叉病变的疗效及安全性。方法　 34例真性分叉病变患者被分配到切割球囊对吻组 (13例 )和支架组 (2 1例 )。术前及术后即刻行冠状动脉内超声检查 ,测定血管最小内径 ,血管外弹力膜面积 ,血管腔面积 ,斑块面积 ,直径和面积狭窄百分比。结果　与支架组相比 ,切割球囊组病变以前降支 (LAD)和第一对角支 (D1) (4 3 5 %vs 2 8 9% ,P<0 0 1)处多见 ,右冠状动脉 (RCA)和后降支处 (PDA)少见 (12 1%vs 35 0 % ,P =0 0 1)。切割球囊组患者左心室射血分数比支架组低 (5 7 6 %vs 6 7 6 % ,P =0 0 2 )。支架组患者中 14例共 2 8个支架同时置入主干和分支内 ,仅在主干或分支一侧血管内植入支架 7例 ,最大扩张压力为 14 18 5 5kPa,2 0例患者接受IVUS检查 ,主干血管内最终残余狭窄为 2 3 6 %。切割球囊组 10例患者先在主干和分支内进行切割球囊交替扩张 ,3例患者只在主干内行切割球囊扩张 ,最后对吻扩张时的平均压力为 810 6kPa ,13例患者全部接受IVUS检查 ,IVUS测定主干血管内最终残余狭窄为 10 8%。切割球囊组与支架组扩张前即刻血管腔截面积分别为 (2 31± 1 2 0 )mm2 和 (2 36± 1 2 3)mm2 ,扩张后分别为 (6 4 2±1 0 1)mm2 和 (6 5 1± 1 0 7)mm2 ;两组扩张后     

血管内超声对变异型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变特征的研究

目的:探讨血管内超声对变异型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变特征。方法:变异型心绞痛患者10例,稳定型心绞痛患者13例。对每例患者行冠状动脉造影及血管内超声检查。对病变斑块的性质、形态、部位、血管管腔面积狭窄程度、血管重构指数等指标进行分析。结果:变异型心绞痛组与稳定型心绞痛组最小斑块厚度、斑块偏心指数、局部面积狭窄率、管腔面积狭窄率指标差异有统计学意义。IVUS检测血管重构指数、正性重构、负性重构在2组差异有统计学意义。结论:变异型心绞痛患者冠状动脉血管内目标斑块以偏心性纤维化斑块为主,血管管腔面积狭窄程度以轻中度狭窄为主,血管重构以正性重构为主。变异型心绞痛患者冠状动脉有粥样硬化斑块的形成,管腔有不同程度的狭窄。     

冠状动脉内超声的临床应用价值

目的 :探讨冠状动脉内超声 ( ICUS)的临床应用价值。方法 :采用美国 Endosonics公司生产的固态相控阵血管内超声显像仪对 64例冠心病患者进行 ICUS成像 ,根据 ICUS计算偏心指数 ,确定斑块的几何形态和斑块的性质。测量近端参考段和病变段血管的最小腔面积和最小腔直径 ,计算面积狭窄百分比和直径狭窄百分比。结果 :64例患者的 12 3段病变血管中 ,44段为纤维性斑块 ,5 6段为混合性斑块 ,18段为钙化性斑块 ,15段为软斑块。 31例患者的 43段病变血管在支架置入术前、术后进行了 ICUS检查 ,支架扩张后的直径为 2 .6～ 3.5 ( 3.14± 0 .2 6) mm,腔面积 5 .78～ 11.4( 6.79± 0 .71) mm2 ,面积狭窄百分比和直径狭窄百分比在支架置入前、后有极显著性差异 ( P <0 .0 0 1)。对 84段血管冠状动脉狭窄程度的评价 ,ICUS与冠状动脉造影无显著性相关。结论 :ICUS可以发现冠状动脉早期病变 ;对冠状动脉造影显示中等程度狭窄可进行精确评价 ,决定是否需要介入治疗 ;根据不同的声学特征 ,帮助选择适当的治疗措施 ;评价介入治疗的即刻效果 ,研究介入治疗及介入治疗后再狭窄的机制。     

巨细胞病毒感染与冠状动脉支架内新生内膜组织量的关系

目的　探讨巨细胞病毒 (CMV)感染对冠状动脉支架内内膜增生的影响。方法　 180例冠心病患者 ,于冠状动脉内支架置入术后 6个月复查冠状动脉造影和血管内超声检查。定量冠状动脉造影测定随访时的腔径减小 ,血管内超声测定支架内的平均新生内膜组织面积及其与支架横截面积之比。酶联免疫吸附法测定抗人CMVIgG抗体。 结果　CMV感染率达 5 1%。平均血管参考直径为 (2 94± 0 4 8)mm ,支架置入使平均最小腔内直径由 (0 99± 0 35 )mm上升至 (2 4 5± 0 4 2 )mm。 6个月随访时平均腔径减小 (0 74± 0 5 0 )mm ;平均新生内膜组织面积为 (3 8± 1 7)mm2 ,其与平均支架横截面积之比为 (4 5± 18) %。逐步多变量回归分析显示上述再狭窄指标与CMV感染无关联。结论　既往CMV感染与冠状动脉支架内新生内膜组织量无关。     

冠状动脉支架植入即时疗效定量冠状动脉造影分析

采用定量冠状动脉造影法分析冠状动脉内支架植入前后即时管腔内径和横截面积变化 ,以研究冠状动脉内支架植入对冠心病的近期疗效。 5 4例冠心病患者 6 0处冠状动脉病变植入支架 6 0只 ,支架植入后冠状动脉靶病变部位的血管内径 (比治疗前 )的即时增量为 2 .0 2± 0 .6 2mm (6 7.10 %± 15 .42 % ) ,血管内腔横截面积的即时增量为 5 .6 7± 1.6 1mm2 (80 .36± 18.2 9% )。患者临床症状在术后 12～ 48h内即得到缓解或消退。结果表明 ,冠状动脉内支架植入是治疗冠心病行之有效的方法。     

血管内超声在分叉病变介入中的价值

即使在药物支架时代和采用多种术式,如Crush技术、Culotte支架术和V支架术等,无论手术成功率还是长期主要心血管事件、靶病变重建、再狭窄和支架内血栓方面,分叉病变的介入治疗目前仍充满挑战,目前必要支架术策略为术者广泛接受,但是对于分支血管严重狭窄的患者,双支架术仍然必需。血管内超声可以精确提供血管和管腔的大小、粥样斑块空间定位和几何学特征,所以血管内超声在术前评估斑块负荷、指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗和随访期间理解支架失败具有重要作用,现综述血管内超声在分叉病变介入治疗中的价值。     

支架治疗动脉硬化性肾动脉狭窄对肾功能影响的前瞻性研究

目的:探讨肾动脉支架置入术,对肾动脉狭窄导致缺血性肾病患者的肾功能影响。方法:2008年1月至2010年1月,对肾动脉狭窄合并有肾功能不全的患者,采用肾动脉支架进行血管腔内治疗。术后1,3,6及12个月定期复查血清肌酐水平。结果:共入选26例患者进行了肾动脉支架治疗,男性14例,女性12例,平均年龄(62±14)岁,术前肾血清肌酐水平为(151.58±11.86)umol/L,术后1个月血肌酐水平为(149.96±16.39)umol/L,与术前差异无统计学意义(P=0.551)。术后3,6及12个月肌酐分别为〔(140.38±27.07)umol/L,P=0.02〕,〔(137.15±30.73)umol/L,P=0.005〕,〔(135.38±33.37)umol/L,P=0.005〕,均低于术前水平,差异具有统计学意义。结论:肾动脉腔内支架成形术,可改善肾动脉狭窄患者的肾功能。     

Relationship between oversizing of self-expanding stents and late loss index in carotid stenting

Stenting of the internal carotid artery is facilitated by stenting across the carotid bifurcation and sizing the diameter of a self-expanding stent to the large common carotid segment. This usually results in marked oversizing of the self-expanding stent in the internal carotid segment. This study was done to determine the relationship between stent oversizing and late luminal loss index after stenting of the internal carotid artery. Between September 1995 and March 1997, there were 165 patients (189 vessels) who underwent successful carotid stenting with self-expanding stents. Fifty-nine patients (63 vessels) had six-month follow-up carotid angiograms and on-line quantitative angiographic analysis. The mean reference diameter of the internal carotid arteries was 4.93 ± 1.31 mm. Nominal stent size was 5 mm in 4 patients, 6 mm in 6 patients, 8 mm in 106 patients, 10 mm in 77 patients, and 12 mm in 1 patient. The average stent/patient was 1.03 ± 0.16. There were three patients who had more than 50% diameter renarrowing at follow-up. The mean late loss index was 0.25 ± 0.41. By linear regression analysis, there was no clear linear relationship between stent oversizing and late loss index after stenting (correlation coefficient = -0.21, P = 0.09). When analysis of variance with linear contrast was used to analyze six groups of different stent/artery ratios (from 1.4 to ≥ 2), late loss indexes are significantly lower in the groups of high stent/artery ratio than the groups of low stent/artery ratio (P = 0.01). The process of oversizing of self-expanding stents deployed in the internal carotid artery does not appear to be associated with late restenosis and high stent/artery ratio seems to be associated with low late loss index. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 45:139–143, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Six-month results of a biodegradable polymer and rapamycin-coating stent for coronary artery disease

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel biodegradable polymer and rapamycin-coating stent, the EXCEL stent, in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), as compared with the Cypher?stent. Methods In this prospective, non-randomized study, 60 consecutive patients with symptomatic CAD received either an EXCEL stent (n=32), or a CypherTM stent(n=28),according to their respective treatment intention. Follow-up angiography was performed at a mean of 180±40 days. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE), including death, myocardial infarction, or target-vessel revascularization during the 6 months after stenting. The secondary end points included the in-stent late luminal loss (LLL), percentage of in-stent stenosis of the luminal diameter, and the rate of restenosis (luminal narrowing of 50 percent or more) at 6 months. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics, including the distribution of target vessel and lesion types. During the follow up period of 6 months, there were no occurrences of MACE in either group. Twenty-seven patients (84%) in the EXCEL group and 10 (36 %) in the Cypher?group underwent quantitative coronary angiography at 6 months. For these patients, no restenosis occurred, and there were no differences in the in-stent stenosis of the luminal diameter (5.98±5.52 % vs 5.21±6.3%, P>0.05) and the LLL (-0.02±0.09 mm vs -0.01±0.07 mm, P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with the CypherTM stent, the EXCEL Stent with biodegradable polymer and rapamycin-coating showed similar efficacy in the prevention of neointimal proliferation, restenosis, and associated clinical events in CAD patients.     

Initial clinical experience with the new EBI (BARD-XT) flexible coronary stent: Acute results and follow-up

The EBI (BARD-XT, C.R. Bard, Murray Hill, NJ) stent is a new radiopaque balloon expandable coronary stent with high resistance to external radial forces. It does not shorten significantly with expansion and allows stent implantation in bifurcation lesions. A total of 28 EBI stents were implanted in 23 lesions in 21 patients. Indications for stent implantation were acute closure in 1, threatened closure in 15, and electively in 7 lesions. In 2 cases, the lesion involved a bifurcation where a stent was implanted in both vessels. All patients received aspirin and ticlopidine. No anticoagulant therapy was given. The stenting procedure was successful in 22 of 23 lesions. No complications occurred with the exception of 1 patient with a thrombotic reocclusion within 1 hr after stent implantation and 1 patient with a temporary occlusion of a side branch. The mean minimal luminal diameter (MLD) increased from 0.74 ± 0.46 mm before balloon dilatation to 1.27 ± 0.62 mm before stent implantation and 2.32 ± 0.57 mm after stent implantation. Percent stenosis decreased from 71 ± 19% before angioplasty to 46 ± 25% after angioplasty to 5 ± 8% after stent implantation. MLD at the time of follow-up angiography after 4 months was 1.98 ± 0.77 mm and percent stenosis was 26 ± 21%. Restenosis of more than 50% occurred in 2 lesions. In these lesions, a second percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed. Advantages of this stent are its flexibility together with an acceptable radial strength as well as enabling radiopacity without obscuring the arterial lumen. Stenting of bifurcation lesions is possible. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 43:159–162, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉特长病变的临床研究

目的研究雷帕霉素洗脱支架(SES)治疗冠状动脉(冠脉)特长病变的疗效。方法对41例冠脉特长病变患者置入SES并对其进行随访,于6个月时行冠脉造影检查。结果41例患者完成该研究,共45处病变。病变长度平均(52.60±15.40)mm,直径平均(2.74±0.10)mm,每处病变平均置入2.5枚支架。6个月造影随访显示,支架近端狭窄由13%上升到15%,支架内狭窄由15%上升到22%,支架远端狭窄由25%下降到20%。6个月内的主要心脏事件有1例非致死性心肌梗死和2例心绞痛,无死亡。结论SES治疗冠脉特长病变是安全可靠的,效果优于金属裸支架。     

老年高血压肾动脉狭窄患者介入治疗的长期疗效分析

目的评价经皮肾动脉成形术血运重建对肾动脉狭窄老年高血压患者的血压、肾功能等方面中远期的影响及术后支架内再狭窄的相关因素。方法选择合并有高血压的肾动脉狭窄患者199例;经肾动脉成形术重建肾动脉血运。术后平均随访(19±11)个月,观察患者血压、降压药物、肾功能的变化,并对支架内再狭窄进行相关分析。结果 199例患者中,肾动脉成形术成功率97.5%。病变动脉管腔直径狭窄率由(73±11)%降至(12±10)%。术后随访138例患者血压下降明显,收缩压由(161±26)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降至(1 37±16)mm Hg,舒张压由(85±1 5)mm Hg降至(77±11)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);口服降压药物品种明显减少,由平均(2.4±1.2)种降至(1.8±0.9)种(P<0.01);患者手术前后肌酐水平无显著差异,但对术前有肾功能不全患者估测的肾小球滤过率改善差异有统计学意义;术后24个月发生支架内再狭窄14例,非开口病变是再狭窄的危险因素。结论老年高血压肾动脉狭窄患者经皮肾动脉成形术的手术成功率高,并有助于此类患者血压的长期控制,特别是部分肾功能不全患者肾小球率过滤可能会有改善,支架内再狭窄与病变部位相关。     

Midterm Outcome of Stent Dilatation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Ductal‐dependent Pulmonary Circulation

Objective. We sought to assess the outcome of transcatheter ductus arteriosus stenting in newborns with ductal‐dependent pulmonary circulation. Background. Better results of ductal stenting have been reported using stents with better scaffolding and ensuring stenting of the entire length of the ductus arteriosus. Methods. Twenty‐one patients with ductal‐dependent pulmonary circulation were brought to the catheterization laboratory for ductal stenting. Five patients did not qualify because of a complex tortuous ductus arteriosus or branch pulmonary artery stenosis. Stent implantation was successful in 14 patients. The duct was accessed with a 0.014‐inch guidewire. A low profile premounted coronary stent was implanted in the duct without using a long delivery sheath. Attempts were made to cover the entire length of the ductus arteriosus. Results. The mean age of the patients at the time of stent implantation was 24 ± 17.5 days. The mean body weight was 2.9 ± 0.35 kg. The ductus was mildly tortuous in four, moderately tortuous in four, conical in four, and vertical in four patients. Ductal stenting was successful in 14 patients. The mean ductal diameter was 3.9 ± 0.5 mm. The mean diameter and the length of the stent implanted were 3.9 ± 0.72 and 15.4 ± 3.16 mm, respectively. Mean fluoroscopy and procedure times were 22.16 ± 12.5 and 107.9 ± 34.5 minutes, respectively. Out of the 14 successful stent implantations, the ductus arteriosus was not completely covered with the stent in five patients at the time of primary procedure, four of them required re‐stenting for significant desaturation. One of these patients died despite successful re‐stenting. Another patient died due to aspiration pneumonia. Of the 12 survivors, five underwent Glenn shunt (two deaths related to pulmonary hypertension), two underwent biventricular repair, one patient was lost to follow‐up, and the remaining four are doing well with a mean oxygen saturation of 85% at a mean follow‐up of 13 ± 6 months. Conclusion. Stenting of ductus arteriosus, including moderately tortuous ducts, is a safe palliation for patients with ductal‐dependent pulmonary circulation. Incomplete stenting of the duct invariably results in ductal stenosis and compromised pulmonary flow.     

Stent redilation in canine models of congenital heart disease: Pulmonary artery stenosis and coarctation of the aorta

In a canine puppy model, pulmonary artery stenosis was created by banding the left pulmonary artery to 30–40% of its original diameter. Animals underwent right heart catheterization and angiography 1–2 mo later, and Palmaz P308 stents were implanted. Stent redilation was performed 3–5 mo later. One mo postredilation, the animals were restudied and sacrificed. Coarctations of the aorta were created by transverse aortic incision and longitudinal repair. P308 stent implantation was performed 2–3 mo later. Stent redilation was performed after 6–10 mo, and the animals were restudied and sacrificed 1–2 mo later. Stent implantation was performed in 6 puppies with pulmonary artery stenosis, as 2 animals developed postoperative pulmonary arterial hypoplasia, precluding stenting. The stenosis diameter increased from 4.8 ± 0.5 mm to 7.4 ± 0.6 mm (mean ± SE) following stenting (P = 0.005), and increased further to 9.2 ± 0.7 mm following redilation (P < 0.001). There were no significant vessel tears or ruptures. Coarctation stenting was performed in 8 animals. The coarctation was dilated from 5.8 ± 0.9 mm to 9.8 ± 0.6 mm (P < 0.001), and to 13.5 ± 0.5 mm at redilation (P = 0.002). Redilation could not be performed in 1 animal. Aortic rupture and death occurred in 2 of 7 animals at redilation. Stent implantation and redilation in experimental pulmonary artery stenosis appears safe and effective. Though stent implantation for coarctation of the aorta appears safe, there was a 28% aortic rupture rate at stent redilation in this model. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

中远端冠脉病变的支架治疗

目的 :评价应用具有磷酸胆碱涂层的小血管支架治疗中远端细小冠脉的病变 (≤ 2 5mm)的疗效。方法 :选择 60例冠心病患者 ,年龄 5 4 2± 10 5岁。男 4 6例 ,女 14例 ,常规行冠状动脉造影 ,对病变血管以美国GE公司血管造影机测量系统实时测量病变血管直径 ,<2 5mm病变血管共 69支 ,平均血管直径 2 0± 0 4 5mm ,植入BiodivYsioSV支架 74个。结果 :69支病变血管均经球囊扩张后植入支架 ,手术成功率 10 0 %。支架植入后病变平均狭窄直径减至 0 %～ 10 % ,无 1例急性 亚急性支架内血栓形成。全部病例随访 6± 3 8个月 ,无 1例死亡。 15例于术后 4± 1 2个月心绞痛复发 ,经冠脉造影证实13例为支架内再狭窄 ,2例出现新部位血管病变。结论 :应用具有磷酸胆碱涂层支架治疗小血管病变 ,再狭窄率低 ,临床疗效肯定     

Bailout coronary stenting without anticoagulation or intravascular ultrasound guidance: Acute and six-month angiographic results in a series of 120 consecutive patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of bailout coronary stenting without anticoagulation or intravascular ultrasound guidance in patients with acute or unequivocal threatened closure after conventional angioplasty. One hundred twenty consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled according to the following criteria: 1) acute or threatened closure after balloon angioplasty; 2) reference vessel diameter ≥ 2.5 mm. All patients after stent implantation were on antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and ticlopidine. Four types of stents were used: Palmaz-Schatz (J&J), Gianturco-Roubin (Cook), Freedom (Global Therapeutics), and Microstent (AVE). Procedural results: a total of 206 stents were implanted in 134 target lesions with a stent deployment success rate of 100%; 44 target lesions were treated with multiple stent implantation; the mean luminal diameter after stenting was 3.14 ± 0.34 mm, and the mean final percent diameter stenosis was −2 ± 10%; the mean balloon to vessel ratio was 1.11 ± 0.15; the mean final pressure inflation was 13.9 ± 2.4 atm; an optimal angiographic result was achieved in 128 lesions (96%). In-hospital results: in-hospital recurrent ischemia occurred in 4 patients (3%); recurrent ischemia resulted directly in death in 1 patient, in nonfatal Q-waves infarction in 2 patients, and in emergency coronary artery surgery in 1 patient. Six-month clinical follow-up results: event free survival rate was 77%; 1 patient had non fatal infarction; the incidence of repeat revascularization procedures was 19%; there were no cardiac deaths. Angiographic follow-up results (follow-up rate 93%): the restenosis or reocclusion rate was 28%. Bailout coronary stenting without chronic anticoagulation treatment or intravascular ultrasound guidance may be considered a highly feasible and safe treatment for acute or threatened closure after failed angioplasty. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 41:14–19, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.