Intramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures: a comparison of two implant designs

We report a randomised prospective study comparing two implants, the Gamma trochanteric nail and the ACE trochanteric nail, in the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly. One hundred and twelve patients were randomised on admission into two treatment groups. Fifty-six patients were treated with Gamma nail implants, and 56 were treated with ACE trochanteric nail. The average age of these patients was 78 years. Twenty fractures were stable and 92 unstable. The mean follow-up time was 8 months (6 -12). Regular clinical and radiological review was done 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Operation time, fluoroscopy time, blood transfusion and complications were recorded. The mobility score was used to assess the pre-injury and postoperative mobility status. All the patients were treated within 36 h of their accident. There were no complications during surgery. All the patients were mobilised in the first 24 h postoperatively, regardless of the fracture type, and weight bearing was permitted as tolerated. Union of the fracture was achieved in all patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to the studied parameters. There was no mechanical failure of the implants despite the early patient mobilisation. Early operation and early mobilisation resulted in a good functional outcome in all patients. Both the trochanteric gamma nail and ACE trochanteric nail provide effective methods of treatment for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.     

自制锁定动力髋螺钉治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨自制锁定动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折的疗效.方法 2005年6月至2008年12月采用自制锁定DHS治疗32例不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者,男15例,女17例;平均年龄62.3岁;左侧19例,右侧13例.骨折按Evan分型:Ⅰ型3度15例,Ⅰ型4度11例;Ⅱ型6例.术后采用髋关节Harris评分标准对其疗效进行评定.结果 所有患者术后获9～15个月(平均11.6个月)随访,骨折均获愈合,愈合时间为4～8个月,平均4.2个月.发生切口局部感染1例,经简单换药后伤口愈合.术后8个月髋关节Harris评分为78～96分,平均88.5分.结论 自制锁定DHS内固定治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折固定牢固,并发症少,可防止再移位、复位丢失及畸形愈合,术后可早期活动.     

Intramedullary nail versus extramedullary plate fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures: decision analysis

Background

The best options of internal fixation for unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly osteoporotic patients remain controversial. We determined whether intramedullary nail or extramedullary plate provides better treatment for unstable intertrochanteric fractures using a decision analysis tool that considers quality of life.

Methods

A decision analysis model was constructed containing final outcome score and the probability of mortality within 1 year, infection, and mechanical complications. Final outcome was defined as health-related quality of life and was used as a utility in the decision tree. Probabilities were obtained by literature review, and health-related quality of life was evaluated by asking 30 orthopedic experts to complete a questionnaire. A roll back tool was used to determine the best surgical option, and sensitivity analysis was performed to compensate for decision model uncertainty.

Results

The decision model favored intramedullary nailing in terms of quality of life. In one-way sensitivity analysis, intramedullary nailing was more beneficial than the extramedullary plating, when probability of mechanical complication after intramedullary nailing was below 0.258.

Conclusions

In terms of quality of life, the decision analysis model showed that intramedullary nailing was more beneficial for patients with an unstable intertrochanteric fracture.     

Intramedullary nailing confers an increased risk of medial migration compared to dynamic hip screw fixation in unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures

IntroductionMedial migration of the femoral neck element (FNE) superomedially against gravity with respect to the intramedullary component of the cephalomedullary nail is a complication increasingly recognized to cause femoral head cut-out in intramedullary nailing of pertrochanteric hip fractures. Although cut-outs are common to both intra- and extramedullary fixation, especially in unstable pertrochanteric hip fractures, FNE medial migration in sliding hip screws continues to remain sparse despite increased awareness of the phenomenon. This study aims to investigate whether intramedullary nailing is biomechanically predisposed to FNE medial migration compared to extramedullary fixation with sliding hip screws to account for the discrepancy in reported FNE medial migration rates.Materials and methodsTwelve fourth-generation synthetic femurs (Sawbones) with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were divided into 2 groups (n=6 per group). Fracture fixation was performed using the Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA, Synthes) (n=6) in the first group, and the Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS, Synthes) (n=6) in the second group. Both groups were subjected to bidirectional cyclic loading (600N compression loading, 120N tensile loading) at 2 Hz for 5000 cycles. The medial migration distance (MMD) was recorded at the end of the testing cycles.ResultsThe mean MMD in the PFNA group was 4.56mm (SD 0.69mm) with consistent reproduction of medial migration across all constructs tested. This was significantly more compared to the MMD of 1.17mm (SD 0.69mm) in the DHS group (p<0.001).ConclusionIntramedullary nailing of unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures is inherently predisposed to FNE medial migration making it more susceptible to consequent cut-out compared to fixation with the DHS.     

加压滑动鹅头钉联合空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨加压滑动鹅头钉加空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法2003年1月～2005年6月采用加压滑动鹅头钉加空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗47例股骨转子间骨折患者。按Even分型：均为一类,其中Ⅱ型26例,Ⅲ型12例,Ⅳ型9例。结果所有患者术后获6～24个月随访,参照髋关节功能评定标准评定疗效：优39例,良8例,优良率为100%。无死亡、髋内翻、患肢短缩畸形、内固定物断裂、螺钉切割及迟发性感染等并发症发生。结论加压滑动鹅头钉加空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折,加强了静压力和动压力的加压作用及抗扭转力,操作简单,使患者可早期进行功能锻炼及部分负重,减少了并发症的发生,临床效果满意。     

Intramedullary fixation of unstable metacarpal fractures

Intramedullary stabilization of metacarpal shaft and neck fractures is a relatively simple, cost-effective, and safe technique with good published outcomes (Fig. 9); however definite advantages over other techniques of fracture stabilization, or indeed simple early mobilization in some instances, have not been clearly demonstrated. A recent publication does suggest that the technique is comparable to percutaneous transverse fixation in the context of fifth metacarpal neck fractures.     

Intramedullary hip screw versus sliding hip screw for unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly

We report a randomised, prospective study comparing a standard sliding hip screw and the intramedullary hip screw for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. One hundred and two patients were randomised on admission to two treatment groups. Fifty-two patients were treated with a compression hip screw (CHS), and fifty had intramedullary fixation with an intramedullary hip screw (IMHS). Patients were followed for 1 year and had a clinical and radiological review at 3, 6 and 12 months. The mean duration of operation and fluoroscopy screening time was significantly greater for insertion of the intramedullary hip screw. There was no difference between the groups with regard to transfusion requirements or time to mobilise after surgery. There were two technical complications in the CHS group and three in the IMHS group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in radiological or functional outcome at 12 months. It remains to be shown whether the theoretical advantages of intramedullary fixation of extracapsular hip fractures bring a significant improvement in eventual outcome.     

加压空心螺钉与动力髋螺钉治疗老年性股骨转子间骨折的疗效对比

[目的]分析比较加压空心钉与动力髋螺钉治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的效果.[方法]回顾性分析2000年7月～2006年12月接受加压空心钉或动力髋螺钉固定治疗且有完整资料的152例老年性股骨转子间骨折患者.采用加压空心钉固定68例,动力髋螺钉固定84例.比较两种固定方法在手术时间、术中出血量、术中及术后并发症、术后1年功能恢复情况等方面的结果.[结果]对于老年性股骨转子间骨折患者,与动力髋螺钉固定相比,加压空心钉固定手术时间短、术中出血量少,两者差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);对于EvansⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折的患者,在骨折愈合时间及术后并发症、术后1年功能恢复情况等方面的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),而对于Ⅲ、Ⅳ型骨折的患者,两种内固定的差异有显著意义(P<0.05).[结论]对Ⅰ、Ⅱ型骨折和全身情况差的患者宜采用加压空心钉固定;动力髋螺钉适用于全身情况尚可及Ⅰ～Ⅳ型骨折的患者.     

动力髋螺钉治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折：两种方法处理内侧弓的比较

目的比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)在治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折中采用固定小转子和不固定小转子两种方法对疗效的影响。方法DHS治疗45例不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者,按Evans-Jensen分类:ⅡB型(三部分骨折,小转子骨折)32例,Ⅲ型(四部分骨折,大、小转子都骨折)13例。按AO推荐方法安装DHS,小转子固定17例,小转子未固定28例。比较两种治疗方法的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、骨折临床愈合时间和术后1周、6个月、2年的患侧股骨颈干角以及术后2年Harris髋关节功能评分等数据。结果45例均获2年随访。小转子固定组与未固定组在术后引流量、术后6个月和2年髋内翻发生率、Harris髋关节功能评分等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);小转子固定组手术时间以及术中出血量均高于未固定组(P<0.05);而小转子固定组的骨折临床愈合时间低于未固定组(P<0.05)。结论对于不稳定的ⅡB型和Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折,DHS系统无论修复或是不修复股骨内侧弓(固定小转子),都无法避免在远期髋内翻畸形有相似的发生率。而小转子不固定因为可以减少手术时间和术中出血,增加了手术的安全性,是相对可行的方法。     

Intramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures: a comparison of two implant designs. A prospective randomised clinical trial

We report the results of a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the Gamma 3 nail with the ACE trochanteric nail for the treatment of pertrochanteric femoral fractures. One hundred and twelve consecutive patients were enrolled in the study: 61 patients were treated with the Gamma 3 nail, 51 with the ACE trochanteric nail. The two groups were matched for age, fracture type and preoperative Merle d'Aubigné hip score. All patients were followed up clinically and radiographically on a regular basis between 6 weeks and one year postoperatively. Twenty-six patients (23%) died within the first postoperative year. Six patients were lost to follow-up. In each group, two patients were revised due to mechanical failure. Nonunion did not occur. The mean postoperative hip scores in the Gamma 3 and the ACE group were 14.19 and 14.12 respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.92). Walking ability was adequately restored in approximately 80% of the patients. Both implants appeared as safe and effective methods of treatment for intertrochanteric hip fractures.     

One or two lag screws for fixation of Danis-Weber type B fractures of the ankle.

BACKGROUND: There are many limitations in using the plate for fixation of lateral malleolar fractures of the ankle. METHODS: This study prospectively reviewed 60 of 72 consecutive patients with an average follow up of 3.8 years who had Danis-Weber type B ankle fractures that were treated with one or two 3.5-mm cortical lag screws without plate fixation. RESULTS: A stable anatomic reduction was obtained in 57 cases (95%). The average time to healing by radiograph was 3.1 months. There were two delayed unions and no nonunions. Joint space narrowing was found in one case. Clinical assessment was satisfactory in 56 of the patients (93%). CONCLUSION: Noncomminuted Danis-Weber Type B ankle fractures can be successfully treated without the risk of lateral plating, which includes cartilage damage caused by penetration of the ankle joint, increased periosteal dissection, and the risk of subsequent hardware removal.     

DHS加螺钉联合内固定治疗股骨转子间不稳定型骨折

目的　探讨股骨转子间不稳定型骨折的内固定方法。方法　在解剖复位的基础上 ,采用DHS加阻挡螺钉、抗旋转螺钉及固定螺钉等联合内固定治疗股骨转子间不稳定型骨折 64例。结果　随访 14～ 46个月 ,全部骨折愈合 ,患侧股骨颈较正常侧平均短缩 ( 2 .8± 0 .2 )mm ,两者之间的差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　DHS加螺钉联合内固定是治疗股骨转子间不稳定型骨折的有效方法 ,辅助螺钉内固定是预防过度滑动的有效措施     

Intramedullary fixation for pediatric unstable forearm fractures

Forty-nine children with diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures were treated with either both-bone intramedullary wire fixation (24), single ulnar intramedullary wire fixation (22), or single radial intramedullary wire fixation (3). Six fractures were open and 43 were closed. A limited open approach to one or both bones was necessary for insertion of the intramedullary wire in 10 of 43 closed fractures. All both-bone and single radial intramedullary wire fixations healed with less than 5 degrees angulation. Progressive reangulation of the nonfixed radial fracture after an initial satisfactory reduction was seen in seven of the 22 fractures treated with single ulnar intramedullary wire fixation. In four patients, the reangulation was controlled by a change of cast and molding of the fracture and was between 8 degrees and 12 degrees at union. In two other patients a second operative procedure was required to reduce and internally fix the radius. One fracture healed with a radial angulation of 25 degrees. Three fractures in older patients showed late reangulation after early removal of intramedullary wires at 5 weeks. The results of the current study suggest that the radius and ulna should be stabilized with intramedullary wires and that the wires should be buried to reduce the need for early removal.     

多根拉力螺钉支持钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折

我院自 1995～ 1999年采用多根拉力螺钉、支持钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折 ,取得较好疗效。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料　本组 2 7例 ,男 2 3例 ,女 4例 ;年龄 16～ 4 9岁 4例 ,5 0～ 70岁18例 ,71～ 83岁 5例。致伤原因 :摔倒17例 ,机动车辆撞伤 10例。骨折分型 :ＥｖａｎⅠ型 16例 ,Ⅱ型 11例。平均住院2 9 3ｄ ,术中均未输血。1.2　手术方法　采用ＤＣＰ钢板、 6 5ｍｍ杆状松质骨螺纹钉或空心钉内固定。手术时采用硬膜外麻醉 ,患者仰卧于骨科手术牵引床 ,患肢内收、内旋 ,在Ｃ臂Ｘ线机透视下手法整复 ,至少达 1个平面复位 ,尽量达到 2个平面…     

动力髋螺钉在股骨转子间骨折治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)在治疗各类股骨转子间骨折中的疗效及应用价值.方法 回顾性研究1997年1月至2007年1月应用DHS内固定治疗198例股骨转子间骨折的患者资料,从手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术中及术后并发症、负重时间、DHS在股骨头的位置、尖顶距、X线愈合时间、髋关节功能恢复率等方面比较不同类型骨折(按AO/OTA 31-A1、31-A2、31-A3不同分型分为3组)的治疗效果.结果 198例患者中有170例完成随访,平均随访时间52.7个月(8-121个月).术中并发症5例,术后并发症15例.髋关节功能恢复程度参照Zuckerman等的髋部骨折专用评分标准:优130例,良30例,较差2例,差8例,优良率为94.1%.各组除在术中出血量、术后引流量、负重时间、X线愈合时间方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)外,在手术时间、并发症发生率、髋关节功能恢复率等方面的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 DHS是治疗稳定型股骨转子间骨折的有效方法,在不稳定型骨折中,如术后管理得当亦可取得良好的疗效.     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法对75例股骨转子间骨折患者采用DHS内固定治疗。结果患者均获随访,时间6～36个月。术后6个月骨折均达骨性愈合。多数患者可正常自行行走。髋关节功能根据Harris评分:优53例,良18例,尚可4例,优良率为94.7%。结论 DHS治疗股骨转子间骨折方法简单,固定可靠,疗效满意。     

小切口动力髋螺钉治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

[目的]探讨应用小切口动力髋螺钉(DHS)微创固定治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的方法及临床效果.[方法]回顾性分析2001年8月～2006年1月应用闭合复位、小切口DHS固定治疗37例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者,其中男15例,女22例;年龄72～92岁,平均81.5岁.在C型臂X线机监视下,先将1～2枚克氏针经皮通过大转子打入股骨头上部.另将1枚导针按135°颈干角打入股骨头中央,在导针下做一长约4～5.5 cm纵切口,经导针拧入粗拉力螺纹钉.拔出导针将带套管接骨板沿肌层下插入,并将接骨板的套管套入螺纹钉的尾端.[结果]手术时间40～75 min,平均60 min.术中平均出血55 ml.术后与术前血红蛋白值比较无明显变化.37例均获11～18个月随访,骨折愈合时间10～15周.轻度髋内翻2例,无切口感染、内固定失效及旋转畸形.按董纪元疗效评定标准,优良率94.6%.[结论]小切口DHS微创技术具有手术时间短、出血少、创伤小、并发症少、康复快的特点,是治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折较理想的方法.     

Intramedullary fixation of unstable forearm fractures in children

Although most forearm fractures in children are appropriately treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization, certain unstable fractures of the radius and ulna are best treated operatively. We present our technique of using flexible intramedullary fixation to stabilize these fractures. Retrograde fixation of the radius is obtained with a 5/64th or 3/32nd Steinmann pin, and stabilization of the ulna is achieved with a 1/8th inch Rush rod. Complications from this technique are few. The rods are usually removed after fracture union to avoid painful hardware.     

髋关节囊外骨折--髓内和髓外固定的比较

对于股骨关节囊外骨折,虽然有些研究认为髓内固定手术时间短,术中失血少,但还看不出其优于髓外固定。