数字乳腺断层摄影诊断致密型乳腺无钙化肿块

目的 通过与常规乳腺X线摄影（DM）和超声进行对比,分析数字乳腺断层摄影（DBT）对致密型乳腺内无钙化肿块的诊断价值。方法 参照乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）标准,回顾性分析DBT、DM及超声表现为无钙化肿块的致密型乳腺的1 144例患者资料,以组织病理结果为金标准,评估DBT、DM及超声对乳腺无钙化肿块的检出率、诊断符合率、敏感度、特异度、假阴性率及BI-RADS分类,并进行统计学分析。结果 DBT、DM及超声检查对致密型乳腺无钙化肿块的检出率和诊断符合率分别为86.62%（991/1 144）、77.80%（890/1 144）、99.65%（1 140/1 144）和83.92%（960/1 144）、75.00%（858/1 144）、94.67%（1 083/1 144）,差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。DBT、DM及超声对致密型乳腺肿块恶性病变的诊断敏感度、特异度和假阴性率分别为89.39%（312/349）、79.93%（231/289）、92.70%（432/466）,81.51%（648/795）、73.33%（627/855）、96.02%（651/678）和10.60%（37/349）、20.07%（58/289）、7.30%（34/466）。3种检查对乳腺良性肿块病变的BI-RADS分类评估差异无统计学意义（P=0.75）,对乳腺恶性肿块的BI-RADS分类差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,其中超声与DM和DBT、DBT与DM对乳腺恶性肿块的BI-RADS分类评估差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.016 7）。结论 DBT对致密型乳腺无钙化肿块的检出及诊断较DM具有更大优势;DBT和超声对致密型乳腺无钙化肿块的检出及诊断价值相近。     

全视野数字化乳腺摄影及数字乳腺断层摄影诊断致密型乳腺内病变

目的 探讨全视野数字化乳腺摄影（FFDM）及数字乳腺断层摄影（DBT）对致密型乳腺内病变的诊断价值。方法 收集经病理证实的176例乳腺病变患者,均为致密型乳腺,分别采用FFDM、DBT、FFDM联合DBT进行诊断。以病理结果作为金标准,评价FFDM、FFDM联合DBT对致密型乳腺内病变的诊断价值;比较FFDM与DBT对致密型乳腺内结构扭曲、不同病理类型乳腺癌的检出率及对病灶边缘特征的显示情况。结果 176例中,良性病变83例,恶性病变93例。单纯采用FFDM及以FFDM联合DBT鉴别致密型乳腺内病变良恶性的敏感度分别为77.42%（72/93）、90.32%（84/93）,特异度分别为55.42%（46/83）、71.08%（59/83）,ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.757、0.885。FFDM、DBT对致密型乳腺内恶性肿块型病变的诊断敏感度分别为81.43%（57/70）、92.86%（65/70）,特异度分别为56.52%（26/46）、76.09%（35/46）,AUC分别为0.787、0.895。恶性肿块中,FFDM、DBT对毛刺征的检出率分别为31.43%（22/70）、54.29%（38/70）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.467,P=0.006）。DBT检出结构扭曲22例,FFDM仅检出其中5例,差异有统计学意义（χ²=27.704,P<0.001）。FFDM及DBT对原位癌的检出率均为84.62%（11/13）;对浸润癌的检出率分别为77.22%（61/79）、92.41%（73/79）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.075,P=0.008）。结论 对于致密型乳腺,DBT可提高病变检出率,FFDM联合DBT具有较高诊断效能。     

动态增强MR鉴别诊断乳腺X线摄影所见非肿块性病变

目的 评价动态增强MRI（DE-MRI）对全视野数字化乳腺X线摄影（FFDM）检出的非肿块性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析172例FFDM检出乳腺单发非肿块性病变患者,将病变分为局部结构扭曲（A）、局限性不对称致密（B）和单纯多发微小钙化灶（C）三种类型;根据分布特点,将单纯多发微小钙化灶分为簇状分布、线样分布、区域性分布、段性分布及弥漫散在分布型。分析DE-MRI形态学和血流动力学特点,以病理结果为金标准,评价DE-MRI的鉴别诊断价值。结果 良性病变90例,恶性病变82例;DE-MRI对A型、B型和C型病变的诊断敏感度和特异度分别为95.45%（21/22）和66.67%（6/9）,92.31%（24/26）和86.84%（33/38）,82.35%（28/34）和72.09%（31/43）。结论 DE-MRI对于鉴别数字化乳腺X线摄影检出的良恶性非肿块性病变具有重要价值。     

对比增强能谱乳腺X线摄影诊断乳腺影像报告和数据系统4类钙化

目的 对比分析全视野数字化乳腺X线（FFDM）与对比增强能谱乳腺X线摄影（CESM）对乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）4类钙化的诊断价值。方法 收集常规乳腺X线片中以钙化为唯一征象、且诊断报告定为BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变患者，根据检查方式不同分为FFDM组（n=48）和CESM组（n=31）。FFDM根据钙化分布及形态、CESM根据钙化相应处有无强化为依据作出良恶性诊断，以病理结果为金标准，计算并比较FFDM及CESM对恶性钙化的诊断效能。结果 FFDM诊断恶性钙化的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为69.23%（9/13）、77.14%（27/35）、52.94%（9/17）、87.10%（27/31）和75.00%（36/48），CESM组分别为90.00%（9/10）、95.24%（20/21）、90.00%（9/10）、95.24%（20/21）和93.55%（29/31）。CESM诊断恶性钙化的阳性预测值和准确率高于FFDM，差异有统计学意义（χ²=3.891、4.444，P=0.049、0.035）。结论 与FFDM比较，CESM可提高对BI-RADS 4类钙化的诊断效能。     

超声弹性成像联合乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)分类诊断非肿块型乳腺癌

目的 探讨超声弹性成像（UE）技术联合乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）分类对非肿块型乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析48例经二维超声及UE诊断、并经病理学证实的局灶性非肿块型乳腺病变患者（共53个病灶）,以手术或穿刺活检病理结果作为金标准,评价超声弹性技术、BI-RADS分类及二者联合诊断非肿块型乳腺癌的价值。结果 53个病灶中,良性21个,恶性32个。UE诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为68.75%、71.43%和69.81%;BI-RADS分类诊断敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为62.50%、66.67%和64.15%（P均>0.05）;UE联合BI-RADS分类的诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为81.25%、80.95%和81.13%,均高于单一UE或BI-RADS分类（P均<0.05）。结论 UE联合BI-RADS分类能提高诊断非肿块型乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度和准确率。     

数字乳腺断层合成X线摄影在乳腺结构扭曲征象中的应用研究

目的:探讨数字乳腺断层合成X线摄影(DBT)在乳腺结构扭曲征象中对乳腺疾病的临床价值。方法:囊括本院2017年1月—2019年9月收治的45例乳腺结构扭曲患者,均行头尾位和内外斜位全屏数字化乳腺X线摄影(FFDM)和数字化乳腺断层合成摄影(DBT),分析全屏数字化X线摄影和数字化乳腺断层摄影(DBT)对乳腺结构扭曲征象患者中乳腺癌诊断的准确性。结果:DBT检出准确率相较于FFDM明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:DBT在乳腺结构扭曲征象诊断中优于FFDM,特别在不均匀性及致密型乳腺中。     

实时超声造影鉴别诊断长径≤2.0 cm乳腺肿块良恶性

目的 探讨应用实时超声造影(RT-CEUS)灌注特征和时间-强度曲线定量参数鉴别诊断长径≤2.0 cm乳腺良恶性肿块的价值。方法 回顾性分析63例乳腺肿块患者(良性30例,恶性33例)的常规CDFI及RT-CEUS影像资料,对比良恶性乳腺肿块的造影特点及时间-强度曲线定量参数差异,并评价诊断效能。结果 恶性肿块超声造影多表现为向心性、不均匀、高增强,周边呈放射状,87.88%(29/33)边界模糊;良性肿块多表现为离心性、均匀、低增强,83.33%(25/30)边界清晰。78.79%(26/33)的恶性肿块造影后内部可见灌注缺损。定量分析显示,恶性肿块的峰值强度(PI)及时间-强度曲线上升支斜率(k)均高于良性肿块(P均<0.05),达峰时间(TP)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单纯应用常规CDFI诊断长径≤2.0 cm的乳腺恶性肿块的敏感度为72.73%(24/33),特异度为73.33%(22/30),诊断准确率为73.02%(46/63);CDFI结合超声造影灌注情况的诊断敏感度为81.82%(27/33),特异度为83.33%(25/30),准确率为82.54%(52/63)。结论 RT-CEUS灌注图像特征结合时间-强度曲线定量指标有助于提高鉴别诊断长径≤2.0 cm乳腺良恶性肿块的准确性。     

声脉冲辐射力成像鉴别诊断良、恶性BI-RADS 4级乳腺肿块

目的 评价声脉冲辐射力成像(ARFI)在乳腺影像学报告及数据系统(BI-RADS)4级乳腺肿块良、恶性诊断中的价值。 方法 用ARFI对68例共75个常规超声诊断为BI-RADS 4级的乳腺肿块进行成像,测量声触诊组织成像(VTI)模式下肿块面积与常规二维超声肿块面积比值(AR),并测量声触诊量化成像(VTQ)模式下肿块剪切波速度(SWV);以病理结果(恶性34个,良性41个)为金标准,构建ROC曲线,评价ARFI的2种成像模式对BI-RADS 4级乳腺肿块的诊断价值。 结果 良、恶性BI-RADS 4级乳腺肿块的AR值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.851,敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为82.40%、80.50%、81.30%。良、恶性BI-RADS 4级乳腺肿块的SWV值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SWV值AUC为0.861,敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为85.30%、85.40%、85.30%。二者AUC差异无统计学意义(Z=1.47,P>0.05)。二者联合诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为88.20%、87.80%、88.00%。 结论 ARFI对鉴别BI-RADS 4级乳腺肿块的良、恶性具有较高价值;联合应用VTI和VTQ可以提高诊断效能。     

乳腺触诊成像系统对乳腺病变诊断价值的初步研究

目的:探讨乳腺触诊成像系统对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断效能。方法:分析在天津医科大学肿瘤医院接受乳腺触诊成像、乳腺X线摄影和磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)检查的108例患者资料。分析乳腺触诊成像的诊断效能,并进一步分析其对不同病变类型以及纤维腺体背景类型病变的诊断价值。结果:108例患者中,恶性病变76个,良性病变32个;肿块型病变57个,非肿块型病变51个;发生在致密型乳腺组61个,非致密型47个。乳腺触诊成像的各项参数中3D峰顶形状诊断效能较高。乳腺触诊成像对于肿块型病变诊断准确率为91.23%,非肿块型病变诊断准确率为70.59%。致密组中,诊断准确率为78.69%,非致密组中,诊断准确率为85.11%。结论:乳腺触诊成像对于鉴别乳腺病灶良恶性具有一定价值,主要优势表现对肿块型病变和非致密型乳腺内病变的诊断,可作为临床对乳腺病变检查的重要补充。     

S-detect技术辅助超声鉴别诊断最大径≤2 cm乳腺良恶性肿块型病灶

目的 探讨S-detect技术辅助超声在≤2 cm乳腺肿块型病灶良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 采用S-detect技术及常规超声对42例女性患者总计54个乳腺病灶进行诊断,以术后病理结果为金标准,对比分析S-detect技术、常规超声及两者联合的诊断效能。结果 常规超声鉴别诊断乳腺病灶良恶性的敏感度为79.17%（19/24）、特异度为90.00%（27/30）、准确率为85.19%（46/54）;S-detect技术诊断的敏感度为62.50%（15/24）、特异度为86.67%（26/30）、准确率为75.93%（41/54）;两者联合鉴别诊断的敏感度为91.67%（22/24）、特异度为96.67%（29/30）、准确率为94.44%（51/54）。常规超声、S-detect技术及两者联合鉴别诊断乳腺病灶良恶性的ROC曲线的AUC分别为0.846、0.746和0.942（P均<0.05）。超声联合S-detect的诊断效能优于单独应用S-detect技术和常规超声（P均<0.05）。结论 S-detect技术是一种新的影像补充诊断手段,辅助常规超声诊断可提高对乳腺≤2 cm肿块型病灶的诊断效能。     

超声对致密型乳腺疾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声在致密型乳腺疾病中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析115例致密型乳腺患者和304例非致密型乳腺患者的超声声像图表现,并与其钼靶X线检查结果和病理结果相比较,统计分析超声对致密型乳腺疾病的检出率和诊断准确率.结果 超声对致密型、非致密型乳腺中的病灶检出率分别为96.3%、98.3%,均显著高于钼靶(36.0%、...     

Diagnostic utility of combined ultrasonography and mammography in the evaluation of women with mammographically dense breasts

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic utility and additional cost of combined breast ultrasonography and mammography in the evaluation of asymptomatic women with mammographically dense breasts.

Materials and methods

Of 5108 asymptomatic women, who underwent mammography, 1754 had dense breasts (BI-RADS 3 or 4) and negative mammographic outcome. They were divided in 4 subgroups according to their age (<40 yrs; 40–49 yrs; 50–59 yrs; >59 yrs). Breast ultrasonography was performed immediately after mammography. Lesions detected at ultrasonography were examined cytologically/histologically. Mammograms from women, who were diagnosed carcinoma at ultrasonography, were reviewed by an external radiologist. Costs per diagnosed carcinoma and per examined woman were calculated on the basis of current regional charges.

Results

Mammographies (5108) were performed, 67 cancers were detected (cancer detection rate 13.1‰): mammography identified 55 carcinomas and ultrasonography performed in women with dense breasts identified 12 cancers (17.9% of all cancers detected, overall cancer detection rate 6.8‰). Ultrasonography identified a benign condition in 1567 out of 1754 women (89.3%) (in 925 absence of focal lesions; 438 simple cysts; 56 ductal ectasia; 148 benign solid lesions); 97 complex cysts, 52 lesions that could not be differentiated as liquid or solid lesions, and 38 solid lesions suspicious for malignancy in the remaining 187 out of 1754 patients (10.7%). Cytology/histology confirmed carcinoma in 12 women (overall biopsy rate 26.2‰, benign biopsy rate 19.4‰). The additional costs were: € 6,123.45 per detected cancer, € 41.89 per examined woman.

Conclusion

Breast ultrasonography immediately after mammography in women with dense breasts is useful to avoid diagnostic delays and inconvenient medico-legal implications even though this procedure involves increased costs.     

99mTc-奥曲肽显像和X线钼靶诊断乳腺癌

目的 比较99mTc-奥曲肽显像和X线钼靶诊断乳腺癌的临床应用价值. 方法 32例临床怀疑乳腺癌的女性患者,均进行99mTc-奥曲肽显像和X线钼靶摄影,以手术病理结果为标准,比较二者对乳腺癌的诊断效能. 结果 99mTc-奥曲肽显像和X线钼靶摄影诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度分别为91.67%、66.67%(χ2=4.54,P<0.05),特异性分别为100%、37.50%(χ2=4.65,P<0.05),准确性分别为93.75%、59.38%(χ2=10.54,P<0.05),阳性预测值分别为100%、76.19%(χ2=5.93,P<0.05),阴性预测值分别为80.00%、27.27%(χ2=3.92,P<0.05).联合两种方法诊断的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.83%、100%、96.88%、82.14%和47.06%. 结论 99mTc-奥曲肽显像对乳腺癌的诊断效能高于X线钼靶摄影,两者联合可进一步提高诊断效能.     

声弹性成像、常规超声、钼靶X线技术在乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨声弹性成像（AE）、常规超声（US）及钼靶X线技术在乳腺癌术前诊断和联合诊断中的应用价值。方法术前采用声弹性成像、常规超声及钼靶X线技术对山东省淄博市妇幼保健院临床触及乳腺肿块的104例患者进行检查,并与手术病理诊断结果对照,总结分析声弹性成像、常规超声、钼靶X线及声弹性成像、常规超声与钼靶X线联合诊断乳腺癌的准确性及影像学特征。结果104例患者乳腺病变手术病理诊断良性39例,恶性65例。术前声弹性成像、常规超声、钼靶X线诊断结果：（1）声弹性成像诊断乳腺良性病变36例,恶性病变56例,良性病变声弹性评分为1~2分（92.3%,36/39）;恶性病变声弹性成像评分为3~5分（86.2%,56/65）;与病理诊断结果对照术前声弹性成像诊断符合率为88.4%（92/104）。（2）术前常规超声诊断乳腺良性病变37例,恶性病变53例,超声显示良性病变呈圆形或椭圆形,边缘光滑,内未见明显微小钙化;乳腺癌恶性征象为毛刺征（76.9%,50/65）,病变厚度/长度比＞1（73.8%,48/65）,血流阻力指数＞0.7（70.8%,46/65）,病变内多见微小钙化（53.8%,35/65）。与病理诊断结果对照术前常规超声诊断符合率为86.5%（90/104）。（3）术前钼靶X线诊断乳腺良性病变33例,恶性病变54例,乳腺病变恶性超声征象为致密影（73.8%,48/65）,毛刺征（70.8%,46/65）及钙化（69.2%,45/65）;乳腺良性病变无上述超声征象;与病理诊断结果对照术前钼靶X线诊断符合率为83.7%（87/104）。术前声弹性成像、常规超声与钼靶X线联合诊断结果：（1）术前声弹性成像与常规超声联合检查诊断良性病变34例,恶性病变63例,与病理诊断符合率为93.3%（97/104）。（2）术前常规超声与钼靶X线联合检查诊断乳腺良性病变31例,恶性病变63例,与病理诊断符合率为90.4%（94/104?     

钼钯乳腺X线摄影误诊病例分析

目的 分析乳腺钼钯X线摄影误诊的原因及探讨避免误诊的方法和经验。方法 回顾性分析69例经病理证实而乳腺钼钯X线摄误诊的乳腺疾病影像资料。结果 69例误诊中，良性诊断为恶性者24例，恶性诊断为良性者45例。误诊原因主要为乳腺致密肿块难以对比等客观原因，以及病变X线表现不典型所致。结论 规范乳腺的钼钯X线摄影方法以及加强读片一定程度可以减少误诊。     

Radiation dose from digital breast tomosynthesis screening – A comparison with full field digital mammography

ObjectivesTo compare Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) and effective dose from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening with that from full field digital mammography (FFDM) screening.MethodTo simulate compressed breasts, two Perspex-polyethylene breast phantoms were used, one phantom for compressed breast in craniocaudal and the other for compressed breast in mediolateral oblique. An adult ATOM dosimetry phantom was loaded with high sensitivity thermoluminescence dosimeters; the phantom was then positioned on Hologic Selenia Dimensions mammographic machine to imitate DBT and 4-view FFDM screening. Organ radiation doses were measured from 4-view DBT and 4-view FFDM (craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views for each breast). Organ radiation doses were used to calculate effective dose from one screening session.ResultsMGD for DBT was 3.6 mGy; MGD for FFDM was 2.8 mGy. For DBT, other organs (e.g. thymus, lungs, salivary glands, thyroid, contralateral breast and bone marrow) radiation dose was also higher than for FFDM. The use of DBT for breast cancer screening increases the effective dose (E) of one screening session by 22%. E for DBT was 0.44 mSv; E for FFDM was 0.34 mSv.ConclusionThe use of DBT for breast cancer screening increases the radiation dose to screening clients.     

Breast Cancer Mode of Detection in a Population-Based Cohort

ObjectiveTo evaluate how breast cancers come to clinical attention (mode of detection [MOD]) in a population-based cohort, determine the relative frequency of different MODs, and characterize patient and tumor characteristics associated with MOD.Patients and MethodsWe used the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify women ages 40 to 75 years with a first-time diagnosis of breast cancer from May 9, 2017, to May 9, 2019 (n=500) in a 9-county region in Minnesota. We conducted a retrospective medical record review to ascertain the relative frequency of MODs, evaluating differences between screening mammography vs all other MODs by breast density and cancer characteristics. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine the likelihood of MOD for breast density and stage of disease.ResultsIn our population-based cohort, 162 of 500 breast cancers (32.4%) were detected by MODs other than screening mammography, including 124 (24.8%) self-detected cancers. Compared with women with mammography-detected cancers, those with MODs other than screening mammography were more frequently younger than 50 years of age (P=.004) and had higher-grade tumors (P=.007), higher number of positive lymph nodes (P<.001), and larger tumor size (P<.001). Relative to women with mammography-detected cancers, those with MODs other than screening mammography were more likely to have dense breasts (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.92; P=.006) and advanced cancer at diagnosis (odds ratio, 3.58; 95% CI, 2.29 to 5.58; P<.001).ConclusionOne-third of all breast cancers in this population were detected by MODs other than screening mammography. Increased likelihood of nonmammographic MODs was observed among women with dense breasts and advanced cancer.     

Diagnostic performance of mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating mammographically visible breast masses

ObjectiveWe compared the diagnostic values of mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating breast masses.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed mammography, MRI, and histopathological data for 377 patients with breast masses on mammography, including 73 benign and 304 malignant masses.ResultsThe sensitivities and negative predictive values (NPVs) were significantly higher for MRI compared with mammography for detecting breast cancer (98.4% vs. 89.8% and 87.8% vs. 46.6%, respectively). The specificity and positive predictive values (PPV) were similar for both techniques. Compared with mammography alone, mammography plus MRI improved the specificity (67.1% vs. 37.0%) and PPV (91.8% vs. 85.6%), but there was no significant difference in sensitivity or NPV. Compared with MRI alone, the combination significantly improved the specificity (67.1% vs. 49.3%), but the sensitivity (88.5% vs. 98.4%) and NPV (58.3% vs. 87.8%) were reduced, and the PPV was similar in both groups. There was no significant difference between mammography and MRI in terms of sensitivity or specificity among 81 patients with breast masses with calcification.ConclusionBreast MRI improved the sensitivity and NPV for breast cancer detection. Combining MRI and mammography improved the specificity and PPV, but MRI offered no advantage in patients with breast masses with calcification.     

乳腺数字摄影中钙化灶对良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨数字钼靶X线检查钙化灶对良恶性乳腺病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析206例患者的乳腺钼靶X线影像资料,参照乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)评估分类,分析良恶性病变钙化灶的形态、分布特点及其他阳性征象的差异。结果钙化灶形态方面,斑点样、无定形或模糊、粗糙不均质、细小多形性、细线或细线分支状钙化的恶性率分别为10.96%(8/73)、39.66%(23/58)、69.23%(9/13)、78.79%(26/33)、96.56%(28/29)。钙化灶分布方面,弥漫/散在、区域性、簇状、段样钙化的恶性率分别为0、18.19%(4/22)、49.50%(50/101)、72.73%(40/55)。206例中,124例无其他阳性征象,82例伴有其他阳性征象。有无其他阳性征象患者钙化灶形态、分布方面良恶性差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论乳腺钙化的形态、分布特点有助于评估乳腺病变的恶性度,当伴随其他阳性征象时,恶性度明显提高。