阿霉素诱导建立大鼠肛门直肠畸形动物模型

目的利用阿霉素诱导大鼠肛门直肠畸形,并就该药物的适用性及最佳致畸时间进行探讨。方法W istar孕鼠12只,随机分成4组。实验组大鼠分别于妊娠第6～9d（E1组）及妊娠第10～3d（E2组）每日腹腔注射阿霉素1.75mg/kg,对照组中C1组不予处理,C2组于妊娠第11d由胃管注入125mg/kg乙烯硫脲,妊娠第20d剖宫取胚胎,进行实体观察、畸形率统计,同时进行病理切片研究。结果E1、E2及C2组肛门直肠畸形发生率分别为57.14%、63.33%和61.29%,以E2组最高,经统计学检验差异不显著（P（0.05）,E1组出现的畸形均以VACTERL综合征的形式出现,E2组产生的畸形类型及雌雄比率与人类相似。结论阿霉素是一种良好的诱导肛门直肠畸形的致畸剂,大鼠妊娠第10～13d是诱导肛门直肠畸形的理想时间。     

大鼠无肛畸形形成的胚胎机制和α-SMA表达的研究

目的研究维甲酸诱导形成大鼠肛门直肠畸形的胚胎发育过程和α-SMA表达模式,探讨肛门直肠畸形矫正术后便秘和便失禁产生的原因。方法利用ATRA诱导大鼠产生肛门直肠畸形胚胎,病理形态学方法观察对比妊娠12、13、14、16、18d时大鼠胚胎肠道系统发育过程,并且通过免疫组化染色进行α-SMA表达的检测,与对照组胚胎中α-SMA表达表达模式进行对比。结果实验组中80%胚胎具有肛门直肠畸形,对照组未见明显畸形。胚胎发育观察证实妊娠12～16d为肛门形成的关键时间,畸形组与对照组相比发育明显滞后而且机构异常,α-SMA表达强度随胎龄增加,与肠道系统分化程度同步,畸形组中表达区域分散且未见外括约肌部分表达分布。结论 ATRA诱导产生无肛畸形胚胎中肠道系统发育过程与α-SMA表达同步相关,畸形组括约肌部分发育异常和α-SMA表达异常可能是肛门直肠畸形矫正术后便秘和便失禁产生的原因。     

维甲酸诱导脊柱裂胎鼠脊髓组织中Caspase-3表达情况

目的　本文旨在探讨维甲酸诱导脊柱裂胎鼠脊髓组织Caspase-3表达情况。 方法　选取孕10 d Wistar大鼠,实验组用溶有维甲酸（40mg/ml）的橄榄油,以135 mg/kg经胃管注入给药制作脊柱裂畸形大鼠模型;对照组选取孕10 d Wistar大鼠给等量橄榄油。将实验组及对照组按照孕12、15、17和20 d分为4组。应用免疫组织化学方法比较分析Caspase-3在对照组、畸形组胎鼠脊髓组织细胞中的分布和表达情况。 结果　脊柱裂大鼠脊髓神经组织中Caspase-3在15 d开始增多,一直持续到20 d胚胎大鼠。其增高情况明显高于同一时间点对照组大鼠。胚胎15、17和20 d显性脊柱裂畸形鼠脊髓组织Caspase-3阳性细胞数多于对照组,荧光强度高于对照组。 结论　维甲酸诱导的脊柱裂胎鼠Caspase-3表达明显高于正常发育胎鼠。     

全反式维甲酸诱导骨骼畸形大鼠血清及羊水内碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达

目的探究应用全反式维甲酸诱导骨骼畸形大鼠血清及羊水内碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF2)的表达。方法选择孕10d的Wistar大鼠50只,体质量250~300g。分实验组和对照组,每组各25只。实验组予溶有全反式维甲酸的大豆油(40 mg/mL),按照135 mg/kg以灌胃方式给药制作骨骼畸形胎鼠模型;对照组给予等体积的大豆油。孕20 d时处死母鼠,采集母鼠血液,实验组每窝选择骨骼畸形胎鼠4只,对照组每窝随机选取胎鼠4只,抽取胎鼠羊水标本,应用酶联免疫吸附分析测定血液及羊水内FGF2浓度;利用游标卡尺测量胎鼠头臀长,双前肢各段及双后肢的长度。结果实验组胎鼠出现四肢发育不良、脊柱裂、下颌裂等畸形。实验组胎鼠头臀长、双前肢各段及双后肢长度与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组母鼠血液及胎鼠羊水内FGF2的浓度与对照组相比[(24.124±1.271)pg/mL vs(27.451±2.026)pg/mL,(23.918±0.369)pg/mL vs(27.305±2.125)pg/mL],差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全反式维甲酸诱导骨骼畸形大鼠FGF2表达情况低于骨骼发育正常的大鼠。     

灵芝孢子降低维甲酸诱导的孕鼠胚胎神经管畸形的发生

目的 探讨灵芝孢子能否促进受维甲酸诱导,而停滞在G0/G1期的胚胎神经管神经上皮细胞重新进入细胞周期循环,继续增殖和分化,减少神经管畸形的发生.方法 于实验对照组和灵芝孢子组小鼠孕期胚胎E17.75d时一次性胃饲全反式维甲酸,造成这两组孕鼠的胚胎出现神经管畸形.然后,给予灵芝孢子组孕鼠胃饲灵芝孢子溶液.在孕期E10.5d时取出两组孕鼠的胚胎,分别计数胚胎的神经管畸形发生率.应用免疫荧光组织化学染色和流式细胞仪检测胚胎神经管神经上皮的巢蛋白(nestin)表达情况.应用DNA定量荧光染色和RT-PCR技术检测胚胎神经管依赖细胞周期蛋白激酶2(Cdk2) mRNA和Cdk4 mRNA的转录.结果 灵芝孢子组孕鼠胚胎的神经管畸形发生率显著低于实验对照组.神经管神经上皮细胞表达nestin的百分率也明显大于实验对照组.实验对照组孕鼠胚胎的神经管细胞在G0/G1期的比例则显著高于灵芝孢子组,但是实验对照组神经管细胞S期的比例低,低于灵芝孢子组形态正常的胚胎神经管细胞.RT-PCR检测发现,灵芝孢子组孕鼠胚胎神经管细胞能够正常转录Cdk4 mRNA,而实验对照组则低转录Cdk4 mRNA.结论 灵芝孢子能够减少维甲酸诱导的妊娠小鼠孕期E10.5d胚胎神经管畸形的发生.     

以连续浸提法研究铜宫内节育器的大鼠致畸敏感期生殖毒性

背景:铜宫内节育器是目前中国常用的宫腔内植入避孕三类医疗器械,在长期植入后意外怀孕或停止使用后短期内怀孕的情况下,是否对胚胎或胎儿有影响尚无明确结论。目的:通过观察大鼠致畸敏感期尾静脉注射铜宫内节育器浸提液对孕鼠和胎鼠的影响,评价铜宫内节育器的安全性。方法:将60只雌性妊娠SD大鼠随机均分为对照组、高剂量组、中剂量组与低剂量组,高、中、低剂量组从妊娠的第1天开始分别尾静脉注射浸提比例为0.2,0.1,0.05 g/mL的铜宫内节育器浸提液,每日注射量是0.01 mL/g,对照组给予同体积的生理盐水,连续注射20 d。20 d后处死孕鼠,测量体质量,检查两侧子宫和内脏器官,分离胎鼠,记录子宫与胎鼠质量、黄体数、着床数、死胎、活胎和吸收胎等;记录胎鼠体质量、身长、尾长、枕骨骨化程度及外观、骨骼、内脏的异常情况。结果与结论:高、中、低剂量组的窝数、着床数、活胎数、黄体数、活胎率、死胎率、子宫连胎质量、吸收胎数与对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05),各组孕鼠内脏无畸形及异常。高、中、低剂量组胎鼠身长、尾长、体质量、上枕骨骨化率与对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05),胎鼠外观、骨骼、内脏无畸形及异常。表明在致畸敏感期大鼠静脉注射铜宫内节育器浸提液后,未见母体毒性、胚胎生长发育异常及胎鼠畸形及其他胚胎毒性。     

全反式维甲酸诱导骨骼畸形大鼠血清及羊水内碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达简

目的探究应用全反式维甲酸诱导骨骼畸形大鼠血清及羊水内碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF2）的表达。方法选择孕10d的Wistar大鼠50只,体质量250～300g。分实验组和对照组.每组各25只。实验组予溶有全反式维甲酸的大豆油（40mg／mL）,按照135mg/hg以灌胃方式给药制作骨骼畸形胎鼠模型;对照组给予等体积的大豆油。孕20d时处死母鼠,采集母鼠血液,实验组每窝选择骨骼畸形胎鼠4只,对照组每窝随机选取胎鼠4只,抽取胎鼠羊水标本,应用酶联免疫吸附分析测定血液及羊水内FGF2浓度：利用游标卡尺测量胎鼠头臀长,双前肢各段及双后肢的长度。结果实验组胎鼠出现四肢发育不良、脊柱裂、下颌裂等畸形。实验组胎鼠头臀长、双前肢各段及双后肢长度与对照组相比.差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。实验组母鼠血液及胎鼠羊水内FGF2的浓度与对照组相比[（24.124±1.271）pg／mL vs（27.451±2.026）pg／mL,（23.918±0.369）pg／mL vs（27.305±2.125）pg／mL],差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论全反式维甲酸诱导骨骼畸形大隐.FGF2表茯情况低干骨骼发育正常的大鼠。     

灵芝孢子在降低维甲酸诱导胚胎小鼠发生神经管畸形过程中对Cdk4表达的影响

目的 探讨灵芝孢子在降低维甲酸诱导胚胎小鼠发生神经管畸形过程中对依赖细胞周期蛋白激酶4(CDk4)表达的影响.方法 给予实验对照组和灵芝孢子组妊娠E7.75d的小鼠一次性胃饲维甲酸,造成这2组孕鼠的胚胎出现神经管畸形.然后,给予灵芝孢子组孕鼠胃饲灵芝孢子溶液.在孕期E10.5d时取出2组孕鼠的胚胎,应用免疫荧光组织化学染色和Western blotting检测胚胎神经管神经上皮依赖细胞周期蛋白激酶4(Cdk4)的表达情况.结果 在灵芝孢子组可以观察到形态正常的胚胎中,神经管的神经上皮细胞有Cdk4的表达,其表达水平与空白对照组及正常对照组相比较没有明显差异.在灵芝孢子组形态异常的胚胎中,其神经管的神经上皮细胞也有cdk4的表达,但其表达水平与空白对照组及正常对照组相比较是低的.结论 灵芝孢子可能是通过促进神经管神经上皮细胞上调Cdk4的表达来减轻维甲酸诱导的胚胎小鼠神经管畸形.     

桉叶油对维甲酸干扰大鼠胚胎植入及生长发育的影响

目的探讨桉叶油对维甲酸干扰大鼠胚胎植入及生长发育的影响。方法 SD孕鼠42只,随机分为6组,FA组正常对照组、溶剂组(花生油+RA)、3个实验组(桉叶油高、中、低剂量+RA)及RA组。溶剂组用花生油2ml/只于孕第7~14天灌胃,每天1次,孕第10天维甲酸40mg/kg灌胃1次。桉叶油3个剂量组分别用300mg/kg、200mg/kg、100mg/kg的桉叶油于孕第7~14天灌胃,每天1次,孕第10天维甲酸40mg/kg灌胃1次。RA组用40mg/kg的维甲酸于孕第10天灌胃1次。正常对照组给予自由摄食饮水。各组于孕21d早上处死孕鼠,取胚胎,记录孕鼠体重,子宫重,胎盘重。计胚胎植入总数,吸收胎数、活胎数、死胎数。观察胚胎外形,并测量胎鼠体重、身长、尾长。结果正常对照组、桉叶油+RA和溶剂+RA组孕鼠增重、子宫重、胎盘重与RA组比较均无差异;溶剂+RA组的孕鼠的胎盘重较其他各组低,与RA和桉叶油+RA各组比较差异无显著性,与正常对照组比较有差异(P0.05)。正常对照组的活胎率[(97.3±4.6)%]较灌胃维甲酸各组的活胎率高(P0.05),吸收胎率[(2.6±4.6)%]和畸形率(0)较灌胃维甲酸各组低(P0.05),死胎率为0;在灌胃维甲酸各组中,桉叶油高[(79.6±14.5)%]、中[(67.6±30.8)%]剂量组的活胎率较RA[(58.6±26.6)%]组高,但比较无差异;畸胎率[(44.5±41.6)%;(57.5±35.1)%]较RA[(68.1±43.6)%]组低,但差异无统计学意义。灌胃维甲酸各组的吸收胎率比较无差异。正常对照组的胎鼠体重、身长、尾长均值明显高于灌胃维甲酸各组胎鼠的体重、身长、尾长均值(P0.05);在灌胃维甲酸各组中,桉叶油各组胎鼠体重、身长的均值明显高于RA组和溶剂对照组(P0.05);溶剂对照组胎鼠体重、身长、尾长与RA组比较无差异;桉叶油各组胎鼠尾长的均值均高于RA组,但比较无差异。结论维甲酸干扰了大鼠胚胎的植入和发育,桉叶油对RA干扰大鼠胚胎植入有一定的拮抗作用,对RA引起的胎鼠生长发育迟缓有一定的抑制作用。     

Igf2基因差异性甲基化区域在二(口恶)英致畸中的作用

目的研究2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对-二口恶英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)对胎鼠生长发育的影响,探讨TCDD致畸与胰岛素样生长因子2(insulin-like growth factor2,Igf2)基因的表达和差异性甲基化区域(differentially methylated regions,DMRs)甲基化状态的关系。方法经灌胃给予孕10d大鼠10μg/kgTCDD,孕20天剖宫取胎,比较实验组和对照组孕鼠妊娠结局,测量两组活胎的顶臀长、体重和胎盘重;用实时定量-逆转录PCR检测孕20天胎鼠肝脏组织Igf2基因mRNA的表达;用蛋白印迹方法检测蛋白的表达水平;用甲基化限制酶HpaⅡ酶切-PCR法(HpaⅡ-PCR assay)检测两组胎鼠肝脏Igf2基因DMR1的甲基化程度,用亚硫酸氢盐测序方法检测Igf2基因DMR2的甲基化程度。结果对照组胎鼠均正常;实验组出现死胎及吸收胎,发生率为12.2%,畸形胎发生率为11.6%,活胎顶臀长、体重及胎盘重均明显低于对照组;对两组胎鼠肝脏组织Igf2基因表达的检测结果显示,实验组Igf2mRNA表达的相对量为0.77±0.11,对照组为0.27±0.15,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);同时实验组肝脏组织Igf2蛋白的表达量也明显高于对照组;两组胎鼠肝脏Igf2基因DMR1的甲基化程度无差异,DMR2甲基化程度实验组明显低于对照组。结论孕期暴露于TCDD可导致大鼠发生死胎、吸收胎、畸形胎和胎儿宫内发育迟缓,TCDD所致胎鼠发育异常可能与胎鼠肝脏组织Igf2基因DMR2甲基化程度降低引起的Igf2高表达有关。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.