铅对小鼠肝肾毒作用的机理探讨

目的 :探讨铅对肝脏与肾脏的毒性机理 ,防治铅中毒。方法 :测定铅染毒小鼠的血清天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)和乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性、肝脏与肾脏脂质过氧化物 (LPO)值和肝、肾组织中铅、钙、铁、锌等浓度。结果 :染铅小鼠上述指标均明显高于对照组 ,铅具有明显的肝、肾毒性。结论 :脂质过氧化及钙、铁、锌等代谢障碍可能是铅引起肝肾损害的重要机理。     

锰对小鼠肝肾的致毒作用

目的:探讨锰对肝脏和肾脏的毒性机理,防治锰中毒。方法:测定锰染毒小鼠的血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、肝脏与肾脏脂质过氧化物值(LPO)和肝、肾组织中锰、锌、铁等浓度。结果:染锰小鼠血清AST,ALT,LDH活性、肝脏与肾脏LPO值和锰含量均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义,而肝、肾中铁、锌含量明显低于对照组(P<0.01),说明锰具有明显的肝、肾毒性。结论:脂质过氧化及锌、铁等代谢障碍可能是锰引起肝肾损害的重要机理。     

镉对小鼠肝脏的毒作用机理探讨

目的：探讨镉对肝脏组织的毒作用机理。方法：研究了镉染毒小鼠血清天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和乳酸氢酶（LDH）活性、肝脏脂质过氧化物（LPO）值、肝脏镉、钙、铁浓度及肝脏系数的变化。结果：梁镉组小鼠上述各指标与对照组相比均有显著性差异。结论：镉具有明显的肝脏毒性，镉与巯基结合、脂质过氧化和钙、铁等代谢障碍可能是镉引起肝脏损伤的重要因素。     

钼暴露对雄性小鼠血清生化指标的影响

目的：探讨钼暴露对雄性小鼠机体血清生化指标的影响。方法选用50只35日龄健康雄性昆明小鼠,按体重随机分为5组,分别为对照组(生理盐水)、3.440、6.880、34.400、68.800 mg/kg钼酸钠染毒组,每组10只。以腹腔注射方式进行染毒,每日1次,连续染毒30 d,实验过程中准确观察小鼠日常行为及体重变化情况,染毒结束后,断头取血,测定染毒动物血清中谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶( ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶( AST)活性、乳酸脱氢酶( LDH)以及肌酐( Cr)、尿素氮( BUN)、尿酸( UA)含量。结果随着染毒剂量的增加,小鼠的体重增长缓慢,34.400、68.800 mg/kg染毒组小鼠体重增加同对照组比较差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。血清中ALT、 AST、 LDH活性也随着染毒剂量的增加呈上升趋势,68.800 mg/kg染毒组ALT、 AST、 LDH活性同对照组比较差异有统计学意义,34.400 mg/kg染毒组ALT活性同对照组相比有统计学意义。 Cr、 BUN、 UA的含量均升高,其中34.400、68.800 mg/kg染毒组同对照组比较差异有统计学意义。结论高剂量的钼可抑制雄性小鼠生长,并对小鼠血清生化指标ALT、 AST、 LDH、 Cr、 BUN、 UA存在影响,提示雄性小鼠钼中毒后肝脏、心脏、肾脏可能受到不同程度的损伤。     

镉对小鼠脏器脂质过氧化作用的影响

为探讨镉的毒性机制,防治镉中毒,主要研究了镉染毒小鼠各脏器的脂质过氧化作用及脏器系数与部分血清生化指标的变化。结果显示染镉组睾丸、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏的脂质过氧化物(LPO)值均明显高于对照组,大多脏器系数及血清AST、ALT、LDH活性与对照组相比也有显著性差异。结果提示脂质过氧化作用可能是组织镉中毒的机制之一。     

穿心莲内酯对可卡因致小鼠肝毒性的保护作用

目的探讨穿心莲内酯对可卡因致肝脏毒性的保护作用并初步探讨其机制。方法采用成年雄性ICR小鼠。穿心莲内酯组（分别为d00mg／kg、800ms／ks、1600mg／kg，po）以经口灌胃的方法连续4天给药，末次给药30分钟后，以皮下注射的方式染毒可卡因80mg／kg，所有动物均在染毒可卡因后24小时处死，观察血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、天冬氨酰氨基转移酶（AST）的活性及肝脏的病理学变化。结果穿心莲内酯组与可使染毒小鼠血清ALT、LDH、AST降低，肝脏的病理学损害也有明显的改善。结论穿心莲内酯能对可卡因引起的急性肝脏损害有一定的保护作用，其保肝机制可能与抑制脂质过氧化反应，降低组织中氧自由基的生成有关。     

二甲基甲酰胺亚慢性染毒对小鼠心脏和肝脏的毒性效应

目的 研究二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)亚慢性染毒对ICR小鼠心脏和肝脏的影响,并探讨其脂质过氧化损伤机制.方法 80只ICR小鼠随机分为4组,分别以1.26、0.63、0.32 g/(kg·d)经口灌胃染毒,对照组给予生理盐水,染毒90 d.染毒50 d和90 d后分别剖杀40只,检测血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)的含量,肝脏、心脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量.结果 染毒50 d后,血清ALT、AST水平组间差异无统计学意义,低剂量组肝组织NO含量较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),染毒90 d后,高剂量组血清ALT水平明显升高,肝组织SOD和NO水平明显升高(P<0.05);染毒50 d后,高剂量组和低剂量组CK-MB水平较对照组及中剂量组均明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),中剂量组和低剂量组心肌组织MDA水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),染毒90 d后,中剂量组血清LDH、α-HBDH水平较对照组明显降低,心肌组织SOD水平明显下降(P<0.05).高剂量染毒组小鼠50 d心肌病理切片和90 d心肌及肝脏病理切片均可见病理性改变.结论 DMF亚慢性染毒可造成小鼠血清中ALT升高,CK-MB水平有一过性的升高;DMF能够增加肝脏和心肌的脂质过氧化水平,DMF造成的损伤与脂质过氧化水平升高可能具有一定的关联.     

珍珠粉对小鼠酒精肝的保护作用的实验研究

目的 观察珍珠粉对小鼠酒精肝的保护作用.方法 采用食用酒精诱导小鼠肝损伤,比色法测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT).天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的含量;肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)浓度,计算肝脏指数.结果 珍珠扮高剂量可使小鼠酒精肝损伤血清ALT、AST升高的水平降低,降低小鼠肝损伤的肝脏MDA的水平,提高SOD的活性,降低升高的肝脏指数,与模型组比较均有王著差异(P<0.01).结论 珍球粉对小鼠酒精肝有明显的保肝作用.     

大蒜素对大鼠缺血再灌注肝脏损伤的保护作用

目的观察大蒜素对大鼠缺血再灌注肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和I/R加大蒜素处理组。肝脏缺血再灌注后,分别观察血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量的变化,同时分析肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。结果肝脏缺血再灌注后,与假手术组比较,血清中ALT、AST、LDH及肝组织中MDA含量均显著增加,而SOD活性显著的降低(P<0.01);经大蒜素处理后,与缺血再灌注组相比较,血清中ALT、AST、LDH及肝组织中MDA含量均降低,而SOD活性增高(P<0.05)。结论大蒜素对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用。     

铅中毒所致血清中一氧化氮含量与几种血清酶活性逆向变化的研究

目的:探讨铅中毒情况下一氧化氮(NO)含量与几种血清酶活性逆向变化的关系.方法:Wistar雌性大鼠随机分为4组(对照组、10 mg/kg铅组、30 mg/kg铅组和60 mg/kg铅组).醋酸铅腹腔注射,隔天染毒1次,7次后处死动物,取血分离血清,测血铅和血清NO含量及丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)活性,并作肝组织病理检查.另分别向大鼠肝匀浆中加入NaNO2使其终浓度为0、13、26及39 μmol/L,37 ℃孵育1 h,测定血清酶活性.结果:随染铅剂量的增加,血清NO和血铅的含量不断升高(P＜0.05),ALT、AST和γ-GT活性呈现上升趋势,其中γ-GT活性在60 mg/kg铅组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而ALP和LDH活性呈现下降趋势,两者活性在60 mg/kg铅组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肝组织病理检查结果表明,与对照组比较,实验组肝细胞未见明显的损害.体外实验表明,NaNO2对ALT、AST及LDH的活性均有不同程度的抑制作用(P＜0.05),而对γ-GT及ALP未见有抑制作用(P>0.05).结论:铅所致的血清酶活性双向变化很可能归因于NO等因素对酶活性存在不同程度的抑制.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.