苯二氮药物对记忆的影响

采用修正韦氏记忆量表测定78例口服安定、舒乐安定治疗的门诊神经症病人和72例正常对照者的记忆功能。结果表明,服药组除“定向”量表分值与对照组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)外,余各分测验结果及 MQ 均明显低于对照组(P<0.05～0.001)。服用安定者的MQ 较口服舒乐安定者为低(P<0.05)。发现上述药物对短时和长时记忆均有明显影响,其影响的程度与日服剂量及服药时间有明显关系。     

综合干预对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的远期疗效分析

目的探讨综合干预和哌醋甲酯治疗注意缺陷多动障碍患儿(ADHD)的远期疗效。方法将门诊90例ADHD患儿随机分为观察组(药物治疗联合生物反馈、感觉统合训练)与对照组(单用药物组),多动症状控制后停止治疗,半年后评估。结果观察组10例(22.2%)患儿重现多动症状,对照组21例(46.7%)患儿重现多动症状;两组学习成绩、评分因子冲动-多动、焦虑、多动指数、瑞文智商(IQ)、记忆商(WMS)、知觉组织因子商(PoIQ)、记忆/注意力因子商(M/CIQ)比较有显著性差异。结论综合干预对ADHD的远期疗效较好。     

帕金森病抑郁情绪对记忆功能影响的研究

目的 :探讨帕金森病 (PD)情绪抑郁与记忆障碍的关系。方法 :采用《临床记忆量表》甲式进行PD患者的记忆测定 ,并与对照组比较 ,Zung氏抑郁自评量表 (SDS)测定被试的情绪状态。Webster功能评分法评定病例组病情。结果 :病例组记忆的各项分测验成绩及记忆商 (MQ)均显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;PD抑郁的发生率为51 7% ,其抑郁情绪与临床功能障碍程度相关 ;PD病例中抑郁组与非抑郁组记忆比较 ,除无意义图形再认有差异(P <0 0 5)外 ,其它各项分测验及MQ差异非常显著。结论 :PD患者有明显记忆障碍 ,其记忆障碍与患者的抑郁情绪有一定关系。     

首发和慢性精神分裂症患者神经认知功能的性别差异

目的 探讨首发未服药精神分裂症（FES）和慢性精神分裂症（CSz）患者的神经认知功能的 性别差异。方法 收集符合ICD-10 的FES 患者53 例和CSz 患者104 例，同期募集健康对照（HC）52 名。 3 组均采用MATRICS 共识认知成套测验（MCCB）中文版评估神经认知功能。结果 （1）MCCB 测验得分 性别差异比较结果显示，组别和性别的交互作用无统计学意义（F=0.80，P=0.67）；组别的主效应显著， MCCB 6 项分测验及神经认知总分差异均有统计学意义；性别的主效应在视觉学习记忆分测验差异有 统计学意义（F=5.12，P=0.03）。CSz组视觉学习记忆女性优于男性（t=2.44， P=0.02），FES 组和HC 组性别 差异无统计学意义。（2）与HC 组比较，除词语学习和记忆外，FES 和 CSz组MCCB 总分和各分测验评分 比较差异均有统计学意义。FES 与CSz 组比较，FES 组在神经认知维度总分优于CSz 组（t=2.36，P=0.05）。 结论 首发和慢性精神分裂症患者的认知功能均受损，且男性慢性患者视觉学习记忆损害较女性更为 严重。     

癫痫复杂部分性发作患者认知功能与海马质子磁共振波谱改变相关性分析

目的 探讨癫痫复杂部分性发作(CPS)患者认知功能损害的特点以及磁共振波谱(MRS)检查与认知功能的相关性.方法 对45例癫痫CPS患者和16例健康对照组进行临床记忆量表、瑞文标准推理测验的测评,~1H-MRS检测双侧海马,比较2组间2项测验分值及~1H-MRS结果,并对记忆商、智商与海马~1H-MRS结果进行相关性分析.结果 CPS组多项量表分值、记忆商、智商明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CPS组N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)及NAA/[胆碱(Cho)+肌酸(Cr)]明显低于对照组,Cr、Cho明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).CPS组记忆商、智商与NAA浓度、NAA/(Cho+Cr)均呈正相关(P<0.05),与Cho浓度呈负相关(P<0.05),与Cr浓度无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论 CPS患者存在短时记忆功能障碍和抽象思维、判断推理能力的下降,其认知功能障碍与海马NAA、Cho浓度及NAA/(Cho+Cr)的相关性表明~1H-MRS检查可成为早期发现CPS患者认知功能情况的一项重要检查,其与神经心理学测验联合应用可早期、准确地发现CPS患者的认知功能障碍.     

奎的平与利培酮对精神分裂症认知功能的影响

目的 比较奎的平与利培酮对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法 将60例精神分裂症住院患者随机分为两组，并给予奎的平与利培酮治疗6周，于入组前及治疗结束时测查数字划销测验(CT)，修订韦氏记忆测验(WMS-RC)，威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)，分析两药对认知功能的影响。结果 两组治疗后WMS-RC测验的记忆商数均显著提高；奎的平组CT、WCST测验仅有部分项目成绩改善，利培酮组CT、WCST测验所有项目均改善显著。结论 两药对精神分裂症认知损害均有显著疗效，利培酮对注意、执行功能改善效果更明显。     

注意缺陷多动障碍临床亚型认知特点的比较

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)不同临床亚型患儿认知特点的异同.方法根据美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)对门诊ADHD患儿进行临床分型,分为注意缺陷为主型(ADHD-I;22例)、多动-冲动为主型(ADHD-HI;11例)、混合型(ADHD-C;22例),对3组患儿及正常对照组(18名)进行认知功能评定,并进行组间比较.结果与对照组相比,ADHD各亚型在韦氏儿童智力量表、韦氏记忆量表、数字划消测验、瑞文标准推理测验和Stroop测验的大部分项目中的表现较差,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);但ADHD各亚型之间在以上测验中的组间差异无显著性.结论各临床亚型ADHD患儿的认知特点没有明显差异,但其智力、记忆力、注意力及计划、选择性抑制的执行功能均较正常儿童受损.     

全面性发作癫(癎)患者记忆功能与海马质子磁共振波谱改变的相关性分析

目的 探讨原发性癫(癎)全面性发作患者记忆功能损害的特征以及磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)检查与记忆功能的关系.方法 对45例癫(癎)全面性发作的患者和20例健康对照组进行临床记忆量表的测量,双侧海马行1H-MRS检测及体积测量,比较2组间记忆量表的各项量表分、记忆商和1H-MRS的各项指标,并对记忆量表的结果与海马1H-MRS结果进行相关分析.结果 癫(癎)组包括服药组(指向记忆15.68±4.79,联想学习18.70±5.84,图像自由回忆13.19±6.22,人像特点回忆12.02±4.31)与未服药组(指向记忆17.19±5.86,联想学习20.00±6.77,图像自由回忆18.44±6.62,人像特点回忆13.19±6.62)以及不同发作频率组的多数项量表分及记忆商(服药组74.64 ±18.52,未服药组79.07±20.20,≥3次/月组78.10±21.22,<3次/月组73.81±17.72)显著低于对照组(t=4.794-10.224,P<0.01);且癫(癎)服药组和发作频率≥3次/月组的各项量表分及记忆商显著低于服药组和发作频率<3次/月组(t=3.267～6.537,P<0.01).癫(癎)组海马体积(左侧2.45±0.25,右侧2.56±0.31)、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA,左侧12.93±1.73,右侧11.88±1.69)及NAA/胆碱(Cho)+肌酸(Cr,左侧0.48±0.08,右侧0.39±0.07)显著低于对照组,Cho(左侧15.02±0.86,右侧14.94±0.96)、Cr(左侧11.86±0.71,右侧10.71±0.42)显著高于对照组(t=4.103～5.768,P<0.01);癫(癎)组的各项量表分及记忆商与左右侧NAA浓度、NAA/Cho+Cr均呈明显正相关(r=O.489～0.727,P相似文献   

缓解期双相情感性精神障碍患者认知功能

目的:了解缓解期双相情感性精神障碍患者认知功能损害的特点。方法:采用逻辑记忆、视觉再生记忆、连线测验A和B、数字广度测验、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)及字色混淆测验(stroop)对62例缓解期双相情感性精神障碍患者(患者组)和62名健康者(对照组)进行有关言语学习和记忆、非言语学习和记忆、注意以及执行功能的神经心理学评定,比较两组间认知功能的差异。结果:患者组在即刻逻辑记忆、延迟逻辑记忆、连线测验A和B、WCST正确应答数、完成分类数、持续性错误数以及Stroop C-W操作分上均显著低于对照组(P<0.05~0.01)。结论:双相情感性精神障碍患者的认知缺陷有其特点。     

情感性精神障碍患者认知功能障碍的对照研究

目的　探讨情感性精神障碍患者是否存在认知功能损害，比较各亚型患者认知功能损害的特征。方法　对120例（抑郁症组、双相抑郁组、躁狂组及双相躁狂组各30例）情感性精神障碍患者（以下简称患者组）使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（17项）、YOUNG躁狂量表、临床疗效总评量表、威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）、韦氏智力量表、韦氏记忆量表及Halstead—Retain神经心理成套检查（HRB—RC）分别于治疗前和治疗第12周末评定及比较。对照组为30名正常人。结果　（1）各亚型患者组治疗前WCST操作的总测验次数、持续错误数、随机错误数、分类数、智商（IQ）值、记忆商（MQ）值，以及抑郁症组、双相抑郁组的正确数与对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。各亚型患者组治疗第12周末与对照组比较，WCST操作的总测验次数、持续错误数、随机错误数、分类数及MQ值的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。在各患者组中，WCST操作的总测验次数、随机错误数、分类数、IQ值和MQ值治疗前与治疗第12周末的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），而组间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）治疗前与治疗第12周末比较，各患者组中的HRB—RC测验的连线乙、触摸总时间、范畴，抑郁症组中的连线甲，抑郁症组、双相抑郁组治疗前的敲击次数等，与对照组的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论　部分情感性精神障碍患者存在认知功能损害，各亚型患者间的差异不明显。     

苯妥因钠,丙戊酸钠,卡马西平对癫痫患者智力的影响

抗癫痫药物造成认知功能的损害及损害程度至今仍无明确结果。为此，我们对４６例全身性强直一阵挛发作的癫痫患儿进行了服药前后的智力测验，并以１６例健康同龄人对照，以检测苯妥历钠，丙戊酸钠，卡马西平对智力的影响。     

Growth hormone response to diazepam, clonidine and glucagon in patients with epilepsy

The differing actions of phenytoin, carbamazepine and sodium valproate on growth hormone release were studied in 20 patients with recently diagnosed epilepsy using diazepam, clonidine and glucagon as stimulatory tests of growth hormone response. The results are compared with the growth hormone response obtained pre treatment, and those from 20 control patients and 11 patients with chronic treated epilepsy. There was a reduction in growth hormone response to diazepam in both treated and untreated patients with epilepsy compared to controls. Treatment with phenytoin resulted in a significant increase in growth hormone release after diazepam and glucagon, whilst sodium valproate reduced the growth hormone response to diazepam.     

Cognitive function and anticonvulsant therapy: effect of monotherapy in epilepsy

Introduction – The effect of antiepileptic drugs (AED) on cognitive function was studied in 87 patients with epilepsy. Material and methods – Group A: (n = 52) started AED treatment (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, sodium-valproate, phenobarbital or phenytoin). Group B: (n = 27) had AED monotherapy withdrawn (carbamazepine or sodium-valproate). Group C: (n = 8) was switched from phenytoin to carbamazepine monotherapy. The patients were tested before and 4 months after change of the treatment. Results – In group A the test performances were in general unchanged. Patients who had their drug treatment withdrawn (group B) and the patients who were switched from phenytoin to carbamazepine (group C) improved in single tests. The predominant changes in performance seem to be due to practice effect. Conclusion – Cognitive functions are only minimally influenced by AEDs after short-term treatment whereas there is a slight improvement after discontinuation of long-term administration of carbamazepine and valproate. A lack of practice effect might be the first indicator of a negative effect of AED on cognitive function.     

Efficient serum concentrations after single doses of antiepileptic drugs: concept of loading-dose

Single doses of phenytoin (500 and 1.000 mg), carbamazepine 400 and 1.00 mg) and sodium valproate (600 mg) were given orally to 5 healthy young volunteers and serum concentrations determined between 1-8h after administration. The design was double-blind and placebo-controlled. Serum concentrations considered "therapeutic" were obtained after sodium valproate and the 100 mg dose of carbamazepine. The results suggest the loading-doses of phenytoin (1500-2000 mg) and carbamazepine (800 mg) are useful in the subacute control of frequent epileptic seizures on an out-patient basis, and that carbamazepine may be used for lasting control of seizures of status epilepticus treated initially with diazepam or other rapidly-acting preparation.     

Cognitive Impairment in New Cases of Epilepsy Randomly Assigned to Carbamazepine, Phenytoin and Sodium Valproate

Sixty-four new cases of childhood epilepsy were randomly assigned to either carbamazepine, phenytoin or sodium valproate, and were assessed with cognitive tests before medication and three subsequent times over a year. Carbamazepine in moderate dosage adversely affected memory, but sodium valproate and phenytoin did not.     

Cognitive functions, epileptic syndromes and antiepileptic drugs.

Cognitive function of patients on monotherapy specific for their epileptic syndrome has been studied infrequently. We evaluated 7 patients with symptomatic localised epilepsies (SEL) on phenytoin aged 30 +/- 12 (mean +/- standard deviation) years, 8 with idiopathic generalised epilepsies on sodium valproate aged 18 +/- 4 years, 16 with SEL on carbamazepine aged 28 +/- 11 years, and 35 healthy controls aged 27 +/- 11 years. All subjects were of normal intelligence, educated appropriately to age, and led productive lives in the community. Two of the patients on carbamazepine and one on valproate had less than five partial, absence or myoclonic seizures monthly, the remaining were controlled. Carbamazepine serum concentrations were 12 +/- 5 micrograms/ml, phenytoin were 23 +/- 7, and valproate were 62 +/- 23 (mean +/- sd). Tests included immediate recall and recognition for pictures, Stroop test, delayed recall and recognition of pictures. Patients on phenytoin and valproate performed significantly worse than controls on immediate recall, and patients on carbamazepine performed significantly worse than controls in Stroop test (p < 0.01). The results indicate relatively minor effects of the epileptic syndromes and of phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate on cognition of patients with controlled epilepsy leading productive lives in the community. We conclude that the cognitive deficit found in chronic epileptic patients on poly-therapeutic drug regimen must be multifactorial, and that future studies need to control for all possible variables in order to achieve meaningful results.     

抗癫痫药物对癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平影响的研究

目的 研究癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平和抗癫痫药物对其影响以及与疗效之间的关系。方法 测定已确诊的45例未服用过抗癫痫药物的癫痫患者血清甲状腺激素水平并与30例健康对照组进行比较。再经卡马西平、苯妥英钠、丙戊酸钠三种抗癫痫药物分组单药治疗3个月、6个月、年后观察甲状腺激素水平的变化及与疗效之间的关系。结果 未服用抗癫痫药物的新诊断癫痫患者游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平显著低于健康对照组,经苯妥英钠、卡马西平分别治疗3个月、6个月、1年后T4、FT4、FT3显著低于治疗前水平,TSH无显著性变化。经丙戊酸钠治疗后的不同时间段各甲状腺激素水平与治疗前比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。甲状腺激素水平的变化与化疗效之间似无相关性。结论 癫痫的反复发作虽未经抗癫痫药物治疗已存在FT4水平的降低。苯妥英钠、卡马西平可明显造成癫痫患者的亚临床甲状腺功能降低（T4、FT4、FT3下降）,丙戊酸钠对患者甲状腺激素水平无显著影响。甲状腺激素水平的变化与疗效之间无相关性。     

Plasma arginine vasopressin concentrations in epileptics under monotherapy

Plasma arginine vasopressin concentrations were determined by radio-immunoassay in 112 adult epileptics who were taking carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, or sodium valproate in long-term monotherapy, and in 19 controls. No significant difference was found between the groups, but some epileptics taking carbamazepine and primidone showed low values. Serum concentrations of carbamazepine did not correlate with the concentrations of plasma arginine vasopressin. In conclusion, there was no evidence of a stimulating effect of chronic carbamazepine medication or a special inhibiting effect of phenytoin on the release of vasopressin arginine from the posterior pituitary.     

A prospective study between carbamazepine, phenytoin and sodium valproate as monotherapy in previously untreated and recently diagnosed patients with epilepsy.

One hundred and eighty one patients with previously untreated epilepsy were randomised to sodium valproate, phenytoin or carbamazepine as monotherapy and followed up for a median period which ranged from 14 to 24 months. All three drugs were highly effective in the control of generalised seizures but less effective for partial seizures. Excellent or good control was achieved with therapeutic levels of sodium valproate and carbamazepine, but with subtherapeutic levels of phenytoin.     

Salivary free concentrations of anti-epileptic drugs: an evaluation in a routine clinical setting

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at correlating the salivary and serum free concentrations of anti-epileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin and sodium valproate) in a population of neurological patients in a routine clinical setting. METHOD: Twenty-seven paired serum/saliva specimens from 22 patients: 10 for carbamazepine, 8 for phenytoin and 9 for sodium valproate were obtained to study these correlations. Salivary and serum free concentrations of anti-epileptic drugs, anti-epileptic drug dosing history, and associated information were collected prospectively. The salivary and serum free concentrations of the anti-epileptic drugs were simultaneously quantified using fluorescence polarization immunoassay (TDx analyzer). RESULTS: For both carbamazepine and phenytoin there was a strong correlation between the salivary and serum free concentrations, 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The mean ratio of salivary to serum free carbamazepine concentration was 1.02 +/- 0.11 and 0.82 +/- 0.15 for phenytoin. A poor correlation between salivary and serum free concentration was observed for sodium valproate (0.70) with a mean ratio of salivary to serum free concentration of 0.48 +/- 0.27. CONCLUSION: Monitoring of free salivary concentrations of anti-epileptic drugs, particularly phenytoin and carbamazepine proved to be a realistic alternative in this routine clinical setting.