半月节脉冲射频治疗三叉神经痛的临床观察

目的 观察螺旋CT引导下半月节穿刺脉冲射频治疗三叉神经痛的临床疗效.方法 100例原发性三叉神经痛患者随机分为研究组(n=44,行半月节脉冲射频治疗)和对照组(n=56,行半月节射频热凝).比较治疗前、治疗后1 d、3 d、1周、1个月,6个月和12个月时的数字评分(NRS)及副作用发生情况.结果 治疗后两组各时间点NRS评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01).对照组见效较快.治疗后随访1年两组疗效相当,研究组的副作用发生率低于对照组.结论 半月节脉冲射频治疗三叉神经痛安全有效、副作用少,适用于高龄、体弱的患者.     

影响脉冲射频治疗原发三叉神经痛患者疗效的因素

目的:分析影响脉冲射频治疗原发三叉神经痛患者疗效的因素。方法:CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频治疗28例原发三叉神经痛患者,以治疗后2周疼痛程度降低50%以上为标准将患者分为有效组和效差组,比较两组患者术前、术中和术后的临床资料。结果:11例患者有效,17例患者效差改行射频热凝术治疗。两组患者年龄、性别、病程、术前疼痛程度、术前抗癫痫类药物用量、术中电刺激定位时电压、电阻、手术时间均无显著性差异,但有效组疼痛治疗发生器上监测的电压、计算的电场强度均明显高于效差组(P<0.05)。患者术后2周NRS评分与术中输出电压和电场强度呈明显的负相关(P<0.05)。结论:高电场效应治疗三叉神经痛的效果更好,提示提高术中电压即电场强度可能是提高疗效的方法之一。     

半月神经节联合射频治疗三叉神经痛的临床研究

目的:观察CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频联合连续射频治疗三叉神经痛的临床效果。方法:90例原发性三叉神经痛患者随机分为对照组(CRF组,单纯采用75℃连续射频进行治疗,N=45)和联合射频组(采用42℃脉冲射频和75℃连续射频进行治疗,CRF+PRF组,N=45),比较治疗前、治疗后1d、3d、7d、3个月、6个月、1年、2年的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、疼痛缓解率,以及治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月、1年、2年的生存质量评分(QOL)、麻木评分和并发症发生率。结果:治疗后两组患者的VAS评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),随访2年两种方法治疗的有效率均达100%(P>0.05);治疗后7d联合射频组的VAS显著低于CRF组(P<0.05),但治疗后2年联合射频组的VAS评分较对照组明显增高(P<0.05);治疗后2年联合射频组的麻木发生率和麻木评分均较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:半月神经节脉冲射频联合连续射频可有效缓解三叉神经痛,尽管短期疗效超过了连续射频,但长期疗效低于连续射频,并发症的发生率明显低于连续射频。     

CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频治疗重度原发三叉神经痛

目的:报道CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频治疗20例重度原发三叉神经痛患者的疗效。方法:脉冲射频治疗20例三叉神经痛患者,记录患者治疗前及治疗后1年内疼痛数字评分、辅助药物治疗、并发症及不良反应发生情况。结果:术后7例(35%)患者获得比较满意的疗效;13例(65%)患者疗效差、改行射频热凝术治疗后疼痛缓解但均出现面部麻木感和咀嚼肌力弱。脉冲射频治疗后患者无明显的不良反应及并发症。结论:CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频治疗重度原发三叉神经痛虽然穿刺更准确、无不良反应发生、但是有效率较低,有待开展深入的实验与临床研究改进脉冲射频技术以提高治疗三叉神经痛的疗效。     

高电压脉冲射频治疗难治性眶下神经痛临床评估

目的:探讨高电压脉冲射频治疗难治性眶下神经痛的疗效及安全性。方法:40例保守治疗无效的难治性眶下神经痛病人随机分为两组,分别接受标准电压和高电压脉冲射频治疗,比较两组的疗效及副作用。结果:术后1月、3月、6月、1年时高电压组有效率均为90%,显著高于标准电压组有效率。除高电压组有25%、标准电压组有15%的病人治疗后出现轻微短暂(5~40天)患侧眶下神经支配区麻木感外,两组均无严重副作用。结论:对于难治性眶下神经痛病人,高电压脉冲射频是非常有效且安全的治疗方法,可作为保守治疗无效时的治疗选择。     

螺旋CT引导半月节脉冲射频治疗三又神经痛的远期疗效观察

目的 观察螺旋CT引导下半月节穿刺脉冲射频治疗三叉神经痛的远期疗效.方法 100例原发性三叉神经痛患者分为研究组(脉冲射频组,n=44)和对照组(射频热凝组,n=56).比较治疗前,治疗后0.5年、1年、2年时的疼痛数字模拟评分(NRS)及临床疗效.结果 治疗后1年内两组NRS无显著性差异,但2年后研究组复发率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 半月节脉冲射频治疗三叉神经痛安全有效,但远期疗效欠佳.     

探讨半月神经节不同温度模式射频在老年三叉神经痛中的治疗效果

目的探讨半月神经节不同温度模式射频在老年三叉神经痛(TN)中的治疗效果。方法选取我院2015年4月~2016年7月收治的TN患者80例,随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组采用75℃+脉冲射频治疗,观察组采用70℃+脉冲射频治疗。对比两组手术前后面部疼痛、麻木评分、生活质量评分及临床疗效。结果两组术前面部疼痛、麻木评分、生活质量评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后3个月观察组面部疼痛、麻木评分低于对照组,生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率92.50%低于对照组70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。方法半月神经节不同温度模式射频可有效治疗老年TN,其中70℃+脉冲射频效果显著,可有效改善患者面部疼痛、麻木症状,减轻患者痛苦,提高生活质量。     

螺旋CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频治疗三叉神经痛的回顾性分析

目的：分析螺旋CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频（PRF）治疗三叉神经痛（TN）的安全性、有效性及长期临床疗效。方法：选取接受半月神经节PRF治疗的经典TN患者121例的临床资料进行回顾性分析，比较患者治疗前后BNI疼痛分级，记录围术期并发症；通过Kaplan-Meier分析患者的术后复发情况及长期疗效。结果：PRF治疗经典TN的初始有效率为85.12%；患者术后1、6、12、48、96、120个月的无痛生存率分别为85.12%、82.62%、78.98%、70.47%、63.98%、61.08%；治疗过程中未见明显不良并发症。结论：CT引导下半月神经节PRF治疗经典TN，安全、有效，副作用少，适用于高龄、合并症多不能耐受全身麻醉的患者。     

射频治疗术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的护理

目的探讨射频治疗术治疗三叉神经痛的疗效及其护理措施。方法对113例原发性三叉神经痛患者均采用射频手术治疗，同时配合精心的护理实施，术后半个月采用VAS评价疗效。结果113例患者均手术顺利，无严重并发症发生，术前与术后半个月VAS比较差异具有显著意义（t=2．4024，P=O．0213）。结论射频治疗术治疗三叉神经痛疗效显著，系统的护理措施是保证射频治疗术治疗原发性三叉神经痛治疗效果的关键。     

脉冲射频治疗三叉神经痛时射频电压与疗效的关系

目的 探讨脉冲射频治疗三叉神经痛时射频电压与术后镇痛效果的关系.方法 选取脉冲射频治疗后效果欠佳的原发三叉神经痛患者22例(无效组)及同期随机选取脉冲射频效果满意的患者22例(有效组),比较两组患者术中射频电压、局部电阻、刺激电压等数据,并且比较两组术后并发症发生情况.结果 有效组射频电压明显高于无效组(P＜0.01),面部麻木患者明显多于无效组(P＜0.01).结论 脉冲射频电压高的患者治疗效果更好.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.