右侧房室旁道射频消融治疗室上性心动过速

目的：总结右侧房室旁道经导管射频消融治疗的操作技巧。方法：采用导管射频消融阻断右侧房室旁道治疗房室折返性心动过速70例（男性29例，女性41例），其中双旁道5例。结果：70例患者中经射频消融治疗首次成功68例（97.14%），随访11个月～5年，复发6例（8.82%），5例再次成功消融，其中1例共消融3次。消融手术时间154.57±73.22min，X线曝光时间15.17±11.33min。有2例患者出现完全性房室传导阻滞。结论：射频消融治疗右侧房室旁道成功率较高，准确的靶点定位及导管和靶组织的稳定接触是减少复发的关键，希氏束旁旁道的消融易并发房室传导阻滞，需更加注意靶点的准确性以及采取适宜的消融能量和时间。     

间隔部房室交界区解剖

正间隔部房室交界区主要包括Koch三角(内含房室结)、膜部室间隔、希氏束、左右束支等重要解剖结构。希氏束-浦肯野纤维传导系统的最重要解剖结构是:被分割成两部分的希氏束(包括希氏束的穿越部分和希氏束的分支部分)。房室交界区是心房与心室之间唯一的电通路,从组织学的角度上讲,它是指连接心房工作肌与希氏束之间的3种不同的特化组织:(1)心房肌和致密结之间的过渡细胞区;     

经胸二维超声心动图在心内电生理检查中的应用研究

目的评价心内电生理(EPS)检查时经胸二维超声心动图(TTE)引导电极导管置放的可行性.方法46例按顺序行EPS的患者,分别以TTE(A组,23例)和X线(B组,23例)作为影像学导引,放置右室电极导管、希氏束电极导管、右房电极导管和冠状静脉窦电极导管.结果TTE引导行EPS成功22例(成功率95.7%),B组X线引导到位成功率100%(P＞0.05),A、B两组操作时间分别为(11.0±7.1)min和(6.8±24)min(P＜001),X线曝光时间A、B两组分别为(1.3±0.9)min和(6.8±2.4)min(P＜0.001).结论TTE可成功地作为影像学导引,部分或全部的替代X线透视下进行EPS检查尤其是冠状静脉窦的电极导管放置,TTE在EPS检查的应用中前景广阔.     

经导管消融治疗儿童室上心动过速40例

目的:探讨经导管射频消融治疗儿童室上心动过速的适应证及临床效果。方法:在X线透视下对40例儿童室上心动过速进行导管射频消融治疗。结果:全部室上心动过速1次消融成功(2例权衡利弊主动放弃消融),其中2例房室折返性心动过速和2例房室结折返性心动过速术后3个月内复发。结论:经导管射频消融治疗房室折返性心动过速是安全、有效的方法,但希氏束旁道和房室结折返性心动过速应严格把握适应证。     

心腔内超声评价希氏束起搏心脏血流动力学和解剖结构重构

目的采用单一的心腔内超声心动图和组织多普勒显像技术检测和评价直接希氏束起搏诱导的心室激动顺序、心脏解剖结构和血流动力学重构.方法六只急性闭胸直接希氏束起搏狗模型.采用美国Medtronic导向引导鞘管和主动螺旋电极,在心腔内超声心动图和组织多普勒显像技术引导下将起搏电极分别置放于希氏束(n=6)和右室心尖(n=6).所有部位的起搏频率均控制为120次/min.采用二维灰阶、血流频谱多普勒和组织多普勒技术,分别测量和计算心脏不同部位起搏时心室各房室和相连大血管解剖结构内径和容量、心肌的激动顺序和相关血流动力学参数,并进行不同起搏状态上述测量参数的配对统计比较.结果希氏束起搏状态下,左心室壁内心肌的激动顺序、心脏主要解剖结构和血流动力学参数与窦性心律状态下相同参数比较无显著性差异;与右心室心尖起搏状态下相同参数比较有显著性差异.结论单一的心腔内超声和组织多普勒技术能够有效地量化评价心脏起搏状态下的心脏解剖结构和血流动力学改变.与右心室心尖部起搏相比较,希氏束起搏能够明显地改善心脏解剖和血流动力学重构.     

经导管消融治疗儿童室上心动过速40例

目的：探讨经导管射频消融治疗儿童室上心动过速的适应证及临床效果。方法：在X线透视下对40例儿童室上心动过速进行导管射频消融治疗。结果：全部室上心动过速1次消融成功（2例权衡利弊主动放弃消融），其中2例房室折返性心动过速和2例房室结折返性心动过速术后3个月内复发。结论：经导管射频消融治疗房室折返性心动过速是安全、有效的方法，但希氏束旁道和房室结折返性心动过速应严格把握适应证     

经胸二维超声心动图在心内电生理检查中的应用研究

目的评价TTE引导电极导管置放的可行性。方法40例顺序行心内电生理检查(EPS)的患者,分别以TTE(A组,20例)和X线(B组,20例)作为影像学导引,放置右室电极导管、希氏束电极导管和右房电极导管。结果TTE引导患者19例行EPS成功(成功率95%),B组X线引导到位成功率100%(P>0.05),A、B两组操作时间分别为12±7.2min和6.8±2.7min(P<0.01),X线曝光时间A、B二组分别为0.35min和6.8±2.7min(P<0.001)。结论TTE可成功地作为影像学导引替代X线透视进行EPS。     

隐匿性间隔旁道的诊断及射频消融方法学探讨

目的：探讨隐匿性间隔旁道的诊断及射频消融方法的临床价值。方法：对41例心动过速时心房激动顺序呈向心性分布且无房室传导跳跃者分别进行不同刺激：（1）心动过速时希氏束不应期内分别于右室心尖部及心底部BS2刺激；（2）右室心底部和心尖部的S1S1递增刺激，比较VA差值；（3）右室起搏下静注ATP，用以上3种方法诊断为隐匿性间隔旁道后，分别于右室起搏下放电消融和在心动过速或心房起搏下放电消融。结果：28例隐匿性间隔旁道，13例不典型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）。希氏束不应期内RS2刺激心底部对诊断隐匿性间隔旁道的临床 准确性为90．2％，刺激心尖部为82．9％，S1S1刺激心底部和心尖部的VA差值的临床准确性为78．2％，静注ATP的临床准确性为63．4％。右室起搏放电消融12例，有3例发生一过性房室传导阻滞；16例在心动过速和心房起搏下放电消融未发生房室传导阻滞。结论：隐匿性间隔旁道与不典型AVNTR的鉴别，以心动过速时希氏束不应期内RS2刺激右室心底部临床准确性最高。S1S1刺激心底部与心尖部的VA差值对进行二者的鉴别意义也较好，静注ATP可靠性差。在心动过速及心房起搏下射频消融隐匿性间隔旁道较安全，不易引起房室传导阻滞。     

下位法选择性消融慢径治疗房室结折返性心动过速40例

目的评估吴氏下位法消融慢径治疗房室结折返心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）的临床价值。方法采用吴氏下位法选择性消融慢径治疗４０例ＡＶＮＲＴ病人，其中男１８例，女２２例，平均年龄３６±９岁。大头电极记录到希氏束电图后向下弯曲直到记录不到Ｈ波，房室电图比＜１，保持大头电极倾钟向旋转情况下放电。结果４０例病人３８例消融成功，２例失败。操作时间７２±１８分钟，Ｘ线照射时间１９±１０分钟。结论吴氏下位法是一种有效的方法，可作为房室结折返性心动过速消融的首选方法。     

左束支区起搏治疗宽QRS慢性持续性心房颤动合并心力衰竭的疗效分析

目的探讨左束支区域起搏对宽QRS波慢性持续性心房颤动(AF)合并心力衰竭的效果。方法对10例慢AF宽QRS波合并心功能不全患者行希氏束旁左束支区起搏及右室心尖部永久起搏器(DDD)起搏治疗。记录手术时间、X线曝光时间及QRS波宽度。于术中、术后7 d、30 d、3月及6月测定起搏电极的参数、检测脑钠肽水平以及应用超声心动图观察左房直径及左室直径、心脏射血分数等指标。结果左束支区起搏电极植入X线曝光时间长于右室心尖部电极植入时间。与术前相比,左束支区起搏患者术后QRS时间明显缩短,术后心功能明显改善,术后脑钠肽显著下降,左房直径及左室直径明显缩小,心脏射血分数显著提高。左束支区起搏参数与心尖部位起搏参数比较无明显差异,术后起搏电极阻抗、感知与起搏阈值较术中明显下降。经过随访,未发现左束支起搏电极有老化及电极脱位现象。结论慢AF宽QRS波合并心功能不全患者可行希氏束旁左束支区起搏,并能明显改善心功能。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Structure and function of "metalloantibiotics"

Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."