大鼠糖尿病性勃起功能障碍模型的建立

目的探讨链脲佐菌素（STZ）腹腔注射法建立糖尿病勃起功能障碍（ED）动物模型的可行性,以便找到一种发病机制与临床接近的疾病模型。方法观察组SD雄性大鼠分3组（组1,2,3）,分别腹腔注射35,40,60mg／kg的STZ;正常对照组大鼠,腹腔注射柠檬酸钠一柠檬酸缓冲液。4d后,快速法测定血糖,以后每周测血糖1次;10周后,应用阿朴吗啡（APO）100μg／kg皮下注射观察大鼠阴茎勃起情况并筛选ED模型。结果观察组中组1糖尿病成模率为80％（20／25）,组2和组3成模率均为100％,但组3有24％（6／25）的死亡率。观察组血糖明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,体重、阴茎勃起次数、阳性勃起率则明显低于正常组（P〈0．01）,观察组间（组1、2、3间）则差异无显著性;MAP值在各组间差异无显著性。结论腹腔注射STZ诱导糖尿病大鼠最佳注射剂量为40mg／kg,注射STZ后出现典型的糖尿病临床症状,血糖明显增高,勃起功能明显受损,APO筛选试验可有效筛选ED模型。     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍动物模型的建立

目的探讨建立糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠模型的方法。方法随机选取雄性SD大鼠70只，其中60只禁食8h后腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导建立DM模型；应用阿朴吗啡100mg／kg观察大鼠阴茎勃起情况并筛选ED模型。结果链脲佐菌素致糖尿病大鼠成模率为83．33％（50／60）；阿朴吗啡引起正常对照组和STZ组大鼠的阴茎勃起率为100％，糖尿病大鼠为20％（10／50），与正常对照组和STZ组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05），成模率为80％。结论链脲佐菌素腹腔内注射能安全且有效地建立糖尿病模型；应用阿朴吗啡可从中有效筛选出勃起功能障碍动物模型。     

糖尿病性ED大鼠建模优化

目的 探讨优化建立糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠模型高成模率的方法.方法 41只8~10周龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组(n=9)和实验组(n=32),实验组大鼠又分为糖尿病(DM)组和糖尿病未成模组(NDM组).实验组大鼠腹腔注射65 mg/kg的链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ),对照组腹腔注射相应剂量的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液.注射后第3天(即造模第4天),4、8、12 周全部大鼠尾静脉采血测随机血糖和体重.12周后,应用阿扑吗啡(apomorphin,APO)100 μg/kg全部大鼠皮下注射后观察阴茎勃起情况而筛选出勃起功能障碍(ED)模型.结果 (1)STZ致糖尿病大鼠的一次成模率90.6%(29/32),阿扑吗啡筛选DM组大鼠ED模型的成模率为84.6%(22/26);(2)DM组在注射STZ后各时间点的随机血糖均显著高于NDM组、对照组(P<0.05);同一时间点体重相比较:除造模第4天,其余时间点,DM组体重水平显著低于NDM组、对照组(P<0.05),NDM组与对照组相比无差异(P＞0.05);(3)阴茎质量及睾丸质量比较,DM组显著低于NDM组、对照组(P<0.05).结论 采用各种措施可优化糖尿病ED大鼠模型的建立,12周可作为APO筛选ED模型的最佳时间.     

阿朴吗啡、西地那非及雌鼠诱导对糖尿病大鼠勃起功能的影响

目的观察比较阿朴吗啡、西地那非及雌鼠诱导对糖尿病大鼠勃起功能的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠30,只,其中正常对照组6只,其余24只在腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发糖尿病模型后,成功诱发糖尿病大鼠并成活22只,根据血糖情况将其中18只分为3组,每组6只,分别为阿朴吗啡组(给予阿朴吗啡80μg/kq腹腔注射)、西地那非组(给予西地那非10 mg/kg灌胃)及模型组,各组均给予发情雌鼠诱导,观察记录60 min内各组大鼠捕捉次数及乘骑次数变化。结果采取STZ药物25 mg/kg+体表面积法腹腔注射的方法,成模率91.7%(22/24)。西地那非组、阿朴吗啡组、模型组3组血糖比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.289,P>0.05);西地那非、阿朴吗啡组与正常对照组比较,捕捉次数、骑乘次数差异具有统计学意义(F=32.457、40.483,P均<0.01),但模型组与正常对照组比较,捕捉次数、乘骑次数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论糖尿病大鼠经阿朴吗啡及西地那非药物刺激后反映更多的是药物的治疗作用,不能真实地反映糖尿病大鼠勃起功能状态,使用雌鼠诱导判定糖尿病鼠的勃起功能状态才能较为真实地反映糖尿病大鼠勃起功能,从而为以后药物治疗提供依据。     

糖尿病性阴茎勃起功能障碍动物模型的建立

目的：探讨糖尿病性阴茎勃起功能障碍动物模型的建立方法。方法：应用雄性SD大鼠腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制造糖尿病动物模型。饲养8周，16周，再通过观察各组大鼠注射阿朴吗啡（APO）后的阴茎勃起情况来评价其勃起功能。结果：与C组（对照组）相比，D组（糖尿病组）阴茎勃起次数明显降低，C组与STZ组（注射STZ后不成模组）各病程大鼠的阴茎勃起率为100%，且两组的阴茎勃起次数无显性差异。结论：阿朴吗啡诱发大鼠阴茎勃起实验可用于评价糖尿病大鼠的勃起功能。     

糖尿病ED大鼠建模优化

[摘要] 目的 探讨优化建立糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠模型高成模率的方法。方法 41只8~10周龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组（n=9）和实验组（n=32）,实验组大鼠又分为糖尿病（DM）组和糖尿病未成模组（NDM组）。实验组大鼠腹腔注射65 mg／kg的链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ),对照组腹腔注射相应剂量的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液。注射后第3天（即造模第4天）,4、8、12 周全部大鼠尾静脉采血测随机血糖和体质量。12周后,应用阿扑吗啡(apomorphin,APO)100μg／kg全部大鼠皮下注射后观察阴茎勃起情况而筛选出ED模型。结果 (1)STZ致糖尿病大鼠的一次成模率90.6%(29／32)。阿扑吗啡筛选DM组大鼠勃起功能障碍（ED）模型的成模率为84.6%(22／26)。(2)DM组在注射STZ后各时间点的随机血糖均显著高于NDM组、正常对照组（P<0.05）;同一时间点体质量相比较：除造模第4天,其余时间点,DM组体质量水平显著低于NDM组、正常对照组（P <0.05）,NDM组与正常对照组相比无差异（P >0.05）。(3)阴茎质量及睾丸质量比较,DM组显著低于NDM组、正常对照组（P <0.05）。结论 采用各种措施可优化糖尿病ED大鼠模型的建立,12周可作为APO筛选ED模型的最佳时间。     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠模型的建立

目的 探讨利用链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立理想糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠模型.方法 30只SD大鼠.随机分为5组,分别为对照组、注射STZ 40 mg/kg组、60 mg/kg组、80 mg/kg组、100 mg/kg组,每组6只,分别记录4 d、1周、2周、3周的空腹血糖、阿朴吗啡诱导阴茎的勃起次数及体质量.结果 4个时间点间的空腹血糖有显著性差异(P=0.001),不同STZ注射组别间的空腹血糖、勃起次数及体质量改变存在显著性差异(P<0.001,P=0.045及P<0.001).阿朴吗啡阴茎勃起实验的勃起次数及体质量的改变在4个时间点间不存在显著性差异(P=0.306和P=0.628).结论 最佳成糖尿病模型的STZ注射剂量应为60 mg/kg.筛选糖尿病性勃起功能障碍模型的阿朴吗啡勃起实验筛选时间应定在注射STZ后的2周左右.     

高脂饮食联合小剂量链脲佐菌素注射制备糖尿病大鼠模型勃起功能研究

目的研究高脂喂养联合小剂量链脲佐菌素注射制备的糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)大鼠的勃起功能。方法 60只6周龄,勃起功能正常的SD大鼠随机分为对照组(10只)和实验组(50只)。实验组高脂喂养8周后给予链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)35 mg/kg腹腔注射。9周时两组大鼠尾静脉采血,测定空腹血糖(fast blood glucose,FBG)、空腹胰岛素(fasting plasma insulin,FINS)、胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C);9.5周行阿朴吗啡(apomorphine,APO)试验测定勃起功能。结果高脂喂养联合STZ注射后,大鼠体质量增加;实验组STZ注射后FBG为(14.8±3.9)mmol/L,FINS为(4.3±0.7)μU/ml,与对照组有统计学差异(P<0.05),胰岛素抵抗指数(insulin resistance index,IRI)、FFA、TG、LDL-C均高于对照组(P<0.05)。APO试验测定对照组勃起功能改变不明显,勃起率为100%(10/10);实验组中STZ注射后1只大鼠死亡,余49只大鼠勃起率为48.9%(24/49),低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论高脂喂养+小剂量STZ注射联合建立的DM大鼠FBG升高,胰岛素抵抗并伴有勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED),可作为2型糖尿病伴ED的动物模型。     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠模型的建立

目的建立糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠模型。方法50只大鼠禁食18h后腹腔内注射四氧嘧啶200mg／kg制造糖尿病动物模型。应用阿朴吗啡100μg／kg后观察正常组、药物对照组和糖尿病组大鼠的阴茎勃起情况。结果四氧嘧啶致糖尿病大鼠的第一次成模率为76％（38／50），第二次成模率为100％（4／4）。阿朴吗啡引起正常组和药物对照组大鼠的阴茎勃起率为100％，而糖尿病大鼠仅为38.1％（16／42），二者比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论四氧嘧啶腹腔内注射能安全且有效地建立糖尿病模型；在糖尿病大鼠中应用阿朴吗啡可筛选出勃起功能障碍的动物模型。     

糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能的变化及胰岛素的治疗作用

目的:探讨糖尿病对大鼠阴茎勃起功能的影响,胰岛素是否能提高糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能。方法:应用雄性SD大鼠腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素()制造糖尿病动物模型,用胰岛素对糖尿病大鼠进行干预治疗周,再通过观察各组大鼠注STZ8射阿朴吗啡()后的阴茎勃起情况来评价其勃起功能。APO结果:糖尿病组(组)大鼠阴茎勃起率、阴茎勃起次数较对照D组(组)明显降低(CP),用胰岛素治疗组(组)上述指标明显高于组(<0.01DMDIDP),较组低(<0.01CP),阴茎<0.01勃起功能与HbA1呈显著负相关。C结论:糖尿病严重损害阴茎勃起功能,胰岛素治疗可提高糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.