广西部分地区人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者合并丙型肝炎病毒感染情况分析

目的 了解广西人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者中HIV/丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的混合感染率及其HCV RNA的阳性率,为今后HIV患者丙肝筛查及预防提供参考.方法 采用ELISA法检测HIV感染者血清中的丙肝病毒抗体,按结果分成抗-HCV(+)组和抗-HCV(-)组,再用巢式PCR法检测血清的HCV RNA,分析比较HCV RNA阳性率.结果 在300例HIV感染者中,有146例抗-HCV阳性,154例抗-HCV阴性;在抗-HCV阳性组中,HCV RNA的阳性率为78.08％(114/146);在抗-HCV阴性组中,HCV RNA阳性率为26.62％(41/154);ELISA法和巢式PCR法检测HCV感染的符合率为75.67％[(113+114)/300].结论 在广西的HIV感染者中HCV感染状况较严重.对HIV感染者进行丙肝筛查时,为减少漏诊率,建议采用PCR方法检测抗-HCV阴性血清中的HCV RNA.     

HCV核心抗原在丙肝检测中的应用分析

目的：探讨丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）核心抗原在丙肝检测中的应用效果。方法选取100份HCV感染患者血清标本作为研究对象,所有标本经丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HCV-RNA）检测均为阳性,给予HCV、HCV-cAg检测,比较检测结果符合率。结果 HCV核心抗原测定符合率为93.0%,抗-HCV抗体检测符合率为81.0%,HCV核心抗原测定法符合率明显高于抗-HCV抗体检测法,组间比较差异显著（P<0.05）。结论 HCV核心抗原检测丙肝具有更高的检出率,应用价值较高,且操作便捷、成本低,值得推广应用。     

丙肝核心抗原检测对诊断HIV/AIDS合并感染丙肝的应用价值

目的对HIV病毒携带者及AIDS患者合并感染丙肝采取丙肝核心抗原检测,以选择有效的诊断方式,为临床提供参考依据。方法选取本院接收的HIV病毒携带者及AIDS患者中疑似感染丙肝的患者25例,采用不同的方法对患者的丙肝进行检测,并对检测结果进行对比分析,以选出最佳的检测方式。其中,利用ELISA法检测可疑患者的丙肝核心抗原、抗体,利用荧光聚合酶链反应(FO-PCR)检测HCV核酸,并将三种测试手段的测试结果进行分析比较。结果 HCV核心抗原检测与HCV核酸检测的结果进行对比分析,两组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。HCV核心抗原检测显著优于抗-HCV检测,差异比较具有显著性(P0.05)。综合多种因素分析得出HCV核心抗原检测经济实用。结论对于HIV/AIDS合并感染丙肝的患者给予丙肝核心抗原检测,能够显著提高诊断有效率,且操作简单,经济实用,可作为筛选丙肝的有效手段。     

血清抗-HCV与HCV RNA检测结果比较

采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)是目前诊断丙型肝炎(丙肝)的主要方法,但该方法只不过是从感染者体液免疫应答角度间接证实HCV现症感染或既往感染。而采用高敏感性的逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测血清中丙型肝炎病毒核酸(HCV RNA)则能直接证实丙肝病毒血症的存在,对HCV现症感染的证实具有重要意义,我们采用ELISA和RT-PCR技术对154例肝病患者的血清进行了抗-HCV和HCVRNA检测,旨在比较ELISA测定抗-HCV诊断丙肝的价值和RT-PCR测定HCV RNA的优越性,现将结果报道分析如下。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者体液HCV-RNA检测结果与传播途径分析

目的了解慢性丙型肝炎(丙肝)患者体液中HCV含量及分布情况,为了解HCV的传播途径和预防丙肝以及治疗方法提供依据.方法用RT-PCR方法检测200例我院抗-HCV阳性、肝功亦有改变的慢性丙肝患者的血清,以 HCV-RNA阳性患者的唾液、尿液、部分患者精液以及部分患者阴道分泌物为标本再进行RT-PCR检测.结果200例抗-HCV阳性标本中有198例HCV-RNA阳性,唾液有143例HCV-RNA阳性,尿液有156例HCV-RNA 阳性,精液、阴道分泌物均有HCV-RNA阳性结果检出.结论慢性丙肝患者体液中均含HCV,HCV可通过这些体液传播.     

HCV-RNA检测在提高HCV感染患者检出率的试验研究

目的:探讨组合检测丙肝抗体和丙肝核心抗原并联合丙肝RNA在丙肝临床诊断中的意义。方法:对13 117例患者进行HCV抗体和HCV抗原组合检测,对两种方法中的阳性标本进行HCV-RNA确证检测。结果:13 117例患者中,丙肝抗体阳性188例,丙肝核心抗原阳性52例,其中丙肝抗体和核心抗原均阳性者48例,单独核心抗原阳性4例,总阳性数192例。丙肝抗体阳性188例中HCV抗体阳性标本中有121例HCV-RNA阳性,检出率为64.4%;有48例HCV-c Ag阳性,检出率为25.5%(48/188)。丙肝抗体和核心抗原均阳性者HCVRNA阳性45例,检出率为93.75%;单独核心抗原阳性4例中有3例HCV-RNA阳性,检出率75%。结论:抗-HCV和HCV-c Ag组合作为HCV感染初筛实验联合HCV-RNA确证检测,对HCV感染患者阳性检出率更高,假阳性率更低,可作为临床对HCV感染患者早期诊断和治疗的有效检验程序。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原检测的临床应用探讨

[目的]探讨HCV核心抗原在HCV感染诊断和治疗中的作用。[方法]对173例HCV感染患者血清和82例健康对照者血清,使用ELISA法分别检测抗-HCV、总的HCV核心抗原,使用荧光定量RT-PCR检测HCV RNA。[结果]173例HCV感染者抗-HCV均为阳性。HCV RNA阳性率为49.7%(86/173);HCV核心抗原阳性率为36.4%(63/173)。二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。86例HCV RNA阳性标本中,HCV核心抗原阳性60例(69.8%);HCV核心抗原阴性26例(30.2%)。82例健康对照者抗-HCV、HCV核心抗原、HCV RNA均为阴性。[结论]在没有HCV RNA检测资格的实验室,HCV核心抗原检测可作为病毒存在和复制的一个指标,作为抗-HCV检测的补充试验。     

HCV核心抗原检测在丙肝诊断中的应用价值分析

目的探讨HCV核心抗原检测在丙肝诊断中的应用价值。方法选择HCV RNA检测结果为阳性的60例丙肝疾病患者,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组30例。对照组采用抗-HCV检测方法,研究组采用HCV核心抗原检测方法。对两组检测结果阳性情况与HCV RNA检测结果进行对比。结果研究组患者检测结果符合率为96.7%,对照组为83.3%;研究组检测符合率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HCV核心抗原对丙肝诊断准确率高,操作简单、方便快捷、可信度高,值得推广应用。     

丙型肝炎病毒抗体单片段检测与总抗体检测的比较研究

目的 通过对国产HCV抗体分片段酶联免疫检测试剂与进口第三代抗-HCV检测试剂检测丙型肝炎病毒抗体的研究来了解丙肝病毒抗体单片段检测的意义。方法 采用国产基因重组表达的丙型肝炎病毒不同区(C、NS3、NS4、NS5)特异性抗原分别包被酶标板，以间接EIA法检测75例丙肝患血清中不同区特异性抗体。并以Ab—bott公司第三代抗-HCV试剂进行总抗体检测，同时做HCV—RNA检测。结果 75例血清中HCV不同区抗原片段NS3、HCV～C、NS4、NS5的抗体检出率分别为93．3％(70／75)、92．0％(69／75)、70．7％(53／75)、64．0％(48／75)。含2个片段以上的抗体检出率为94．7％(71／75)；抗-HCV总抗体的检出率为98．7％(74／75)；HCV—RNA检出率为77．4％(58／75)。结论 HCV不同区抗原片段的抗体检出率有差别，NS3、HCV—C检出率较高，其次为NS4、NSS。两种试剂有较好的相关性，HCV抗体单片段试剂可作为检测丙型肝炎病毒抗体的补充试剂，单独片段抗体阳性具有一定意义，动态观察NS3、NS4抗体水平可预测IFN的治疗效果。     

丙型病毒性肝炎的研究现状

丙型病毒性肝炎呈世界分布,而不同人群抗-HCV 流行率也不同。经初步调查,北京地区抗-HCV 流行率是很高的。血行传播是 HCV 感染的主要途径。HCV 感染50%以慢性过程,约有50%的 HCV 可演变为慢性肝炎,其中20%转化为肝硬化,57%的肝癌与 HCV 有关。用 EIA、RIA、PCR 检测抗-HCV 和HCV-RNA,方法为特异性的。丙肝的防治还不理想。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.