氯氮平、氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者血清谷氨酸含量的影响及其与疗效的关系

目的探讨氯氮平、氯丙嗪的疗效与精神分裂症患者血清谷氨酸含量变化间的关系.方法 60例符合条件的精神分裂症患者随机分成两组,予以固定剂量的氯氮平和氯丙嗪治疗八周.用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阴性症状评定量表(SANS)、阳性症状评定量表(SAPS)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)进行评定.治疗前及结束时检测血清谷氨酸含量各一次,与正常对照组进行比较.结果治疗前血清谷氨酸含量氯氮平组[(114±37)μmol/L]、氯丙嗪组[(111±29)μmol/L]均显著低于对照组[(166±62)μmol/L],t值分别是3.02、3.23, P＜0.01.治疗后氯氮平组血清谷氨酸含量 [(149±36)μmol/L]较治疗前明显增高(t=5.86,P＜0.01),且治疗前后血清谷氨酸含量变化值与SANS总分减分率呈正相关(r=0.502,P＜0.01),氯丙嗪组则不.结论氯氮平能影响谷氨酸能系统,这种作用可能与其改善精神分裂症阴性症状的作用相关.     

以阴性或阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者血清谷氨酸含量及其意义

目的探讨以阴性症状为主(以下简称阴性)或以阳性症状为主(以下简称阳性)的精神分裂症患者在氯氮平治疗前后血清谷氨酸(Glu)含量的变化及其与疗效的关系.方法对25例阴性患者和20例阳性患者分别进行固定剂量的氯氮平治疗8周.用阳性症状评定量表(SAPS)、阴性症状评定量表(SANS)评定疗效.治疗前及治疗结束时检测血清谷氨酸含量各1次,与15例健康志愿者血清谷氨酸含量比较.结果治疗前阴性组血清谷氨酸含量[(102±31)μmol/l]显著低于对照组[(166±62)μmol/l和阳性组[(141±28)μmol/l](P＜0.01).治疗后阴性组血清谷氨酸含量[(124±38)μmol/l]较治疗前明显增高(P＜0.01),且Glu增高值与SANS减分率之间呈显著正相关(r=0.590,P＜0.001).结论阴性精神分裂症患者可能有谷氨酸功能的低下,阴性症状的改善可能与谷氨酸功能的变化有关.     

以阴性或阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者血清谷氨酸含量及其意义

目的：探讨以阴性症状为主（以下简称阴性）或以阳性症状为主（以下简称阳性）的精神分裂症患者在氯氮平治疗前后血清谷氨酸（Glu)含量的变化及其与疗效的关系。方法：对25例阴性患者和20例阴性患者分别进行固定剂量的氮氮平治疗8周。用阳性症状评定量表（SAPS）、阴性症状评定量表（SANS）疗效。治疗前及治疗结束时检测血清谷氨酸含量各1次,与15例健康志愿者血清谷氨酸含量比较。结果：治疗前阴性组血清谷氨酸含量[(102&;#177;31）μmol/l]显著低于对照组[(166&;#177;62）μmol/l]和阳性组[(141&;#177;28）μmol/l](P&;lt;0.01)。治疗后阴性组血清谷氨酸含量[(124&;#177;38）μmol/l]治疗前明显增高（P＜0．01）,且Glu增高值与SANS减分率之间呈显著正相关（r=0.590,P&;lt;0.001)。结论：阴性精神分裂症患者可能有谷氨酸功能的低下,阴性症状的改善可能与谷氨酸功能的变化有关。     

2型糖尿病患者血内皮素和一氧化氮的改变

目的观察2型糖尿病(DM)患者血内皮素(ET)和一氧化氮(NO)的改变.方法选择确诊的2型DM患者46例,正常健康自愿者22例,测定血ET和NO,并比较2组间水平的差异.结果DM组血ET[(122.34±36.75)ng/L]较正常对照组[(39.37±8.39)ng/L]明显升高(P＜0.01),而NO水平[(7.28±4.12)μmol/L]较正常对照组[(15.68±2.58)μmol/L)]显著下降(P＜0.01).结论DM患者血NO和ET平衡失调可能同DM广泛血管损伤有关,临床使用ET拮抗剂和NO生成剂有可能对血管病变有益.     

苯那普利对高血压患者心肌纤维化的影响——附52例报告

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗药苯那普利对高血压患者心肌纤维化的影响.方法52例高血压患者服用苯那普利40～80mg,每日1次,疗程24周.治疗前后测定血清Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽(PⅢP)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)及血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ),并与正常对照组(30名)比较.结果治疗前高血压组PⅢP[(7.5±1.8)μg/L]、TGF-β1[(25.8±2.8)μg/L]及AngⅡ浓度[(69±10)ng/L],均高于正常对照组[(4.6±1.2)μg/L、(10.5±2.2)μg/L、(43±8)ng/L],均为P＜0.05;苯那普利治疗24周后PⅢP[(4.8±1.5)μg/L]、TGF-β1[(14.9±2.4)μg/L]浓度均比治疗前明显下降,均为P＜0.05;AngⅡ[(71±11)ng/L]则与治疗前比较无明显变化,P＞0.05.结论苯那普利能显著降低高血压患者血清中的胶原含量,降低TGF-β1浓度,因而有可能会减轻心肌纤维化.     

氯氮平、利培酮和氟哌啶醇对首发精神分裂症患者血浆瘦素的影响

目的:探讨氯氮平、利培酮和氟哌啶醇对首发精神分裂症患者血浆瘦素(Leptin)的影响.方法:首发精神分裂症患者95例随机分为3组,分别给予氯氮平(31例,氯氮平组)、利培酮(34例,利培酮组)和氟哌啶醇(30例,氟哌啶醇组)治疗,3组患者治疗前和治疗后第6周末用放射免疫法测定Leptin含量,并测量身高、体质量,计算体质量指数[BMI,体质量(kg)/身高(m2)].结果:①治疗后氯氮平组和利培酮组Leptin含量[分别为(8.0±5.2)μg/L和(8.1±4.4)μg/L]比治疗前[分别为(6.4±4.9)μg/L和(7.1±3.9)μg/L]明显升高(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);治疗前后Leptin变化氯氮平组和氟哌啶醇组[分别为(1.6±1.3)μg/L和(0.3±1.1)μg/L]之间有统计学差异(P＜0.05);②治疗后氯氮平组和利培酮组的体质量[分别为(60.3±11.7)kg和(56.2±10.6)kg]与治疗前[分别为(57.9±11.5)kg和(55.0±10.6)kg]相比都明显升高(P均＜0.01);氯氮平组体质量增加[(2.4±1.9)kg]与利培酮组和氟哌啶醇组[分别为(1.2±1.6)kg和(0.4±1.4)kg]两组间均分别有统计学差异(P均＜0.05);③氯氮平组和利培酮组血浆瘦素(Leptin)含量的变化与体质量增加值均呈显著正相关(r=0.808,r=0.757,P均＜0.01).结论:氯氮平和利培酮对Leptin水平及体质量都有明显的影响,且氯氮平对体质量的影响大于利培酮,氟哌啶醇对Leptin及体质量的影响不大.     

慢性应激所致大鼠海马长时程增强和氨基酸类神经递质的改变及苯妥英钠的效应

目的探讨慢性应激对大鼠海马长时程增强(LTP)和氨基酸类神经递质的影响及苯妥英钠对它们的效应.方法将24只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组,每组8只.采用离体海马脑片结合电生理的方法观测海马CA1区LTP的变化.以群体峰电位(PS)的幅值和场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSP)的斜率作为观察LTP变化的指标.应用高效液相色谱紫外检测法检测海马氨基酸类神经递质的含量.结果(1)应激+生理盐水组PS幅值和fEPSP斜率在高频串刺激后增大的幅度低于对照组和应激+苯妥英钠组(P<0.05).(2)应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组的天冬氨酸含量[分别为(4.746±0.609)μmol/g和(4.948±0.751)μmol/g]高于对照组[(2.425±0.211)μmol/g,P<0.01];应激+生理盐水组的谷氨酸含量[(8.094±1.035)μmol/g]高于对照组[(6.016±0.677)μmol/g]和应激+苯妥英钠组[(6.970±0.647)μmol/g];P<0.05;应激+苯妥英钠组的GABA含量[(5.142±0.662)μmol/g]高于对照组[(4.229±0.449)μmol/g]和应激+生理盐水组[(4.249±0.463)μmol/g],P<0.01.结论慢性应激使大鼠海马CA1区LTP的形成受抑制,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸水平升高,GABA含量无明显改变;而苯妥英钠使慢性应激大鼠海马CA1区LTP维持正常.     

颅脑损伤早期血清Mg2+含量的变化及临床意义

目的研究急性中、重型颅脑损伤早期患者血清Mg2+含量的变化及临床意义.方法用MTB比色法对53例急性中、重型颅脑损伤早期患者(重型颅脑损伤36例,中型颅脑损伤17例),26例非颅脑损伤患者及21例健康人的血清Mg2+含量进行检测.结果颅脑损伤组血清Mg2+含量[(0.64±0.11)mmol/L]显著低于非颅脑损伤组[(0.73±0.88)mmol/L](P＜0.05),并显著低于健康人组[(0.86±0.05)mmol/L](P＜0.01).重型颅脑损伤组血清Mg2+含量[(0.63±0.11)mmol/L]明显低于中型颅脑损伤组[(0.72±0.09)mmol/L](P＜0.05).硬膜下血肿、脑挫裂伤、脑干损伤组Mg2+含量[(0.61±0.11)mmol/L]明显低于单纯颅骨骨折、硬膜外血肿组[(0.68±0.11)mmol/L](P＜0.05).结论Mg2+可能参与了继发性颅脑损伤的病理生理过程,病情越重,伤后早期血镁下降越低.早期血清Mg2+水平可作为观察急性颅脑损伤严重程度及判断预后的指标.     

喹硫平与氯丙嗪对男性精神分裂症催乳素的影响

目的探讨喹硫平与氯丙嗪对男性精神分裂症病人血清催乳素的影响.方法来自3个精神卫生中心的男性精神分裂症住院病人98例,采用多中心、开放、随机对照研究.分为氯丙嗪组(n=46),给予氯丙嗪,起始剂量100 mg/d,最高不超过600 mg;喹硫平组(n=47)给予喹硫平,起始剂量200 mg/d,最高剂量不超过800 mg/d,均治疗8 w.对病人入组时评定阳性与阴性症状量表,测定病人入组时、治疗第8 w时血清催乳素浓度.结果入组时2组病人症状无显著性差异,血清催乳素水平无显著性差异(P＞0.05);经8 w治疗,氯丙嗪治疗组病人血清催乳素水平为(604±49) μg/L,显著高于治疗前,喹硫平组为(122±50)μg/L,较治疗前无明显变化(P＜0.001).经8 w治疗2组血清泌乳素改变水平有显著性差异.结论喹硫平对男性精神分裂症病人血清催乳素水平基本无影响,氯丙嗪可以明显升高血清催乳素水平.     

奥氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的对照研究

目的:探讨奥氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效。方法:将60例以阴性症状为主的住院精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组和对照组,分别给予奥氮平和氯氮平治疗,疗程12周,用SANS,BPRS,TESS评定疗效和不良反应。结果:奥氮平组SANS平均降分7.06±9.91,治疗前后有显著差异(P<0.01)。氯氮平组SANS平均降分6.88±9.52,治疗前后也有显著差异(P<0.01)。但两组治疗后SANS降分无显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:奥氮平与氯氮平对治疗精神分裂症阴性症状均有一定效果,但两者对阴性症状的疗效无显著差异。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.