Echocardiographic diagnosis of effusive-constrictive pericarditis due to staphylococcal pericarditis after cardiac surgery

Two weeks after coronary artery bypass surgery, a 43-year-old man was readmitted with fever, pneumonia, left pleural effusion, and pericarditis. Echocardiography showed a localized posterior pericardial effusion, pericardial thickening, and bulging of the ventricular septum toward the left ventricle. Right-sided catheterization indicated pericardial constriction. Effusive-constrictive pericarditis was confirmed at surgery. Cardiac imaging played an important role in diagnosis of this unusual complication of cardiac surgery.     

Recurrent thoracic outlet syndrome after first rib resection

Seventy-seven patients with 84 operated limbs participated in a follow-up examination on an average of about six years after the resection of the first rib for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Forty-two limbs (50%) were totally asymptomatic one month after the operation and remained so for at least half a year postoperatively. In the follow-up examination, 31 limbs were still asymptomatic, whereas 11 limbs had the same symptoms as before the operation. Of the nine patients with recurrent TOS (two with bilateral resection), seven were women and two were men. These nine patients were on average 38 years old (range = 19 to 51 years) and their jobs consisted of monotonous desk work. Seven of 11 stumps of the first rib were subluxated disclosed by the cervical rotation-lateral-flexion test. The occurrence of a subluxated stump of the first rib in the group of asymptomatic patients was far lower, only 3% (p less than .001). Of the 42 patients with persistent problems, a subluxated stump was encountered in seven (17%). Results of this follow-up examination suggest that monotonous desk work is an important factor causing kinesiologic abnormalities in the thoracic aperture. This abnormal kinesiology contributes to the recurrence of TOS symptoms even after the resection of the first rib.     

A case of effusive-constrictive pericarditis after cardiac surgery

A 60-year-old woman who had undergone repair of an atrial septal defect was readmitted to the hospital with dyspnea, abdominal distention, and leg edema 31 months after surgery. An echocardiogram demonstrated massive pericardial effusion. Cardiac catheterization revealed elevation and equilibrium of the 4-chamber diastolic pressure and a dip-and-plateau pattern in the right and the left ventricular pressures. Despite removal of pericardial fluid by pericardiocentesis, the findings and symptoms did not improve. The patient underwent both parietal and visceral pericardiectomy after which striking hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement occurred. Effusive-constrictive pericarditis is uncommon but should be considered in patients with refractory heart failure and massive pericardial effusion showing no improvement after removal of pericardial fluid.     

Recurrent peptic ulcer after gastric surgery]

Recurrent peptic ulcer after gastric surgery differs from duodenal ulcer in that they usually occur with low acid output, which is sufficient to cause ulceration in predisposed stomach or anastomosis. The proton pump inhibitor (PPI), significantly more potent and long-acting than H2-blocker, is expected to be more effective for postoperative recurrent ulcers. We evaluated the efficacy of omeprazole (OPZ) on recurrent ulcers in 12 patients following either gastrectomy or vagotomy. The healing rate after 4 week treatment with OPZ was 58% and increased to 100% after 8 week. Evaluation of quick symptom relief also supported the efficacy of OPZ treatment. These findings showed that OPZ treatment resulted in a more rapid healing of recurrent ulcers compared with H2-blocker. It remains to be clarified whether quit of treatment with PPI would induce high ulcer relapse rates, and whether maintenance therapy with PPI would be the only alternative therapy for surgical intervention.     

Recurrent malignant hyperthermia after scoliosis correction surgery

<正>Malignant hyperthermia(MH) is a genetic disorder of skeletal muscle cells that affects muscle cytoplasmic calcium homeostasis, with high mortality and low morbidity. Generally, it presents with nonspecific signs of a hypermetabolic response, including high fever, tachycardia, and elevated end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETCO₂).     

Recurrent pericarditis in children: elevated cardiac autoantibodies

Summary Recurrent pericarditis is a rare disease in childhood. Nevertheless, it may represent a challenge to the clinician due to its resistance to anti-inflammatory treatment. The initial etiology often remains unclear; specific laboratory parameters predicting the frequency or severity of the recurrences are lacking. We report on four patients with recurrent pericarditis in whom antimyolemmal antibodies (AMLAs) were detected. A prolonged persistence of IgM-type AMLAs was found in three patients: two of them presented with acute inflammation as the initial event and one with 48 recurrences during 5.5 years. The fourth patient showed a fast conversion from IgM to IgG-type AMLAs after a less acute initial presentation and showed 4 mild recurrences during the 48-month follow-up. Conclusion We were able to detect AMLAs in four children with recurrent pericarditis. This finding may be attributed to an auto-immunological disease following a first, acute event. We propose the detection of AMLAs in all children with unexplained recurrent pericarditis. Pediatric patients with a persistence of IgM-type AMLAs may face frequent recurrences and should be monitored therefore more closely. In addition, medical treatment may be changed in these patients with a slower tapering of the dosage of steroidal and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs.     

Hyperbilirubinaemia after major thoracic surgery: comparison between open-heart surgery and oesophagectomy

Background  

Hyperbilirubinaemia is a common occurrence in patients who are admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) after major surgery, and it is associated with high mortality. We investigated the incidence of hyperbilirubinaemia after two major types of thoracic surgery: open-heart surgery and oesophagectomy. In order to identify the risk factors associated with hyperbilirubinaemia after major surgery, we compared the incidence after open-heart surgery with that after oesophagectomy.     

胸外科手术围术期的加速康复外科研究进展

本文对加速康复外科应用于胸外科手术的情况进行综述,主要包括术前健康教育、围术期呼吸治疗、微创手术方式、术后疼痛管理、胸腔引流管理、肺通气管理和术后早期活动,以探讨快速康复外科在胸外科围术期的应用现状和发展远景.     

Incentive spirometry does not enhance recovery after thoracic surgery

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the additional effect of incentive spirometry to chest physiotherapy to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery for lung and esophageal resections. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University hospital, intensive care unit, and surgical department. PATIENTS: Sixty-seven patients (age, 59 +/- 13 yrs; forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, 93% +/- 22% predicted) undergoing elective thoracic surgery for lung (n = 40) or esophagus (n = 27) resection. INTERVENTIONS: Physiotherapy (breathing exercises, huffing, and coughing) (PT) plus incentive spirometry (IS) was compared with PT alone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Lung function, body temperature, chest radiograph, white blood cell count, and number of hospital and intensive care unit days were all measured. Pulmonary function was significantly reduced after surgery (55% of the initial value) and improved significantly in the postoperative period in both groups. However, no differences were observed in the recovery of pulmonary function between the groups. The overall score of the chest radiograph, based on the presence of atelectasis, was similar in both treatment groups. Eight patients (12%) (three patients with lobectomy and five with esophagus resection) developed a pulmonary complication (abnormal chest radiograph, elevated body temperature and white blood cell count), four in each treatment group. Adding IS to regular PT did not reduce hospital or intensive care unit stay. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary complications after lung and esophagus surgery were relatively low. The addition of IS to PT did not further reduce pulmonary complications or hospital stay. Although we cannot rule out beneficial effects in a subgroup of high-risk patients, routine use of IS after thoracic surgery seems to be ineffective.     

胸腔镜治疗自发性气胸常见并发症的临床分析

目的探讨电视胸腔镜治疗不同年龄段自发性气胸所致常见并发症的临床特点。方法回顾分析经电视胸腔镜治疗的31例老年自发性气胸及53例青壮年自发性气胸的临床资料;统计术后常见并发症的发生率。结果老年组有15例出现并发症(48.4%),其中持续性肺漏气7例(22.6%)、气胸复发4例(12.9%)、转行开胸手术1例(3.2%)、术后出血及胸腔积液1例(3.2%)、术后肺部感染或肺不张2例(6.5%)。青状年组有6例出现并发症(11.3%),其中持续性肺漏气3例(5.7%)、复张性肺水肿1例(1.9%)、气胸复发2例(3.8%)。结论虽然老年自发性气胸患者的术后并发症发生率较高,但是,只要围术期处理恰当,可以减少并发症发生率,胸腔镜手术对不同年龄段的自发性气胸患者都是安全、有效的。     

胸外科术后患者发生尿潴留的原因分析及护理

目的 探讨胸外科术后患者尿潴留的发生原因及护理对策.方法 对58例胸外科患者术后发生尿潴留的原因进行分析并探讨护理对策.结果 58例尿潴留患者在术后24h全部解除,未再次发生尿潴留.结论 胸外利手术后患者易出现尿潴留,应针对不同的原因采取相应的护理措施.     

胸部手术患者应激性高血糖对预后的影响及其意义

目的探讨胸部手术后应激性高血糖与术后发生并发症的关系。方法对90例符合入选标准行胸部手术非糖尿病患者的资料进行回顾性分析,依照术后血糖值分为3组A组血糖值为3.9～6.10mmol/L;B组6.11～12.22mmol/L;C组>12.22mmol/L。观察3组患者术后伤口、泌尿系及肺部感染、脏器功能衰竭及病死率情况。结果随着血糖值的逐渐升高,患者手术后各种并发症显著增加(P<0.05),且呈正相关,相关系数r分别为0.977、0.984、0.977、0.872、0.864。结论应激性高血糖可能是胸部手术后各种并发症的主要原因之一。因此,加强术后监护及血糖控制,可减少各种并发症的发生。     

Recurrent ascites and pleural effusions after surgery for early-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma

A case of massive postoperative ascites in a woman treated for endometrial cancer is reported. A workup for typical causes of ascites yielded negative results, prompting a more detailed analysis of the patient's condition. Hypothyroidism was discovered. After correction of the hypothyroidism, the ascites slowly resolved. Since myxedema is an uncommon cause of ascites, this is usually a diagnosis of exclusion. However, hypothyroidism must be ruled out to prevent unnecessary and possibly inappropriate treatments for ascites.     

罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞用于胸科术后镇痛的临床观察

目的研究甲磺酸罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞对减轻胸科术后镇痛的效果及安全性。方法对40例食管癌患者行食管癌根治术采用甲磺酸罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛和单纯静脉自控镇痛组的临床资料进行分组研究。结果两组患者血压、心率比较差异无统计学意义;两组患者镇痛结束后对镇痛效果满意度差异有统计学意义(P(0.05)。结论术中肋间神经阻滞能增强术后镇痛效果,患者满意度高。     

开胸术后应用椎旁阻滞镇痛的临床研究

目的观察椎旁阻滞镇痛在开胸术后的镇痛效果。方法选择单侧开胸患者90例,按随机数字表法分成静脉镇痛组(Ⅰ组)、硬膜外镇痛组(Ⅱ组)和椎旁阻滞镇痛组(Ⅲ组)各30例。三组患者均在全麻下完成手术,麻醉诱导前I组不作任何处理,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别行硬膜外和椎旁间隙穿刺置管。三组均使用术后自控镇痛,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价术后镇痛质量,并观察并发症发生情况。结果Ⅱ、Ⅲ组术后6、12、24、48小时的VAS评分及镇痛泵按压次数均明显低于I组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组患者术后并发症明显少于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论在开胸手术中,硬膜外镇痛和椎旁阻滞镇痛效果优于静脉镇痛,但椎旁阻滞操作安全简便,并发症少,更适合单侧开胸术后镇痛治疗。