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目的　探讨StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤的微创腔内隔绝术治疗的价值及应用经验。方法　采用进口器具治疗 2 6例StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤 ,术前精确评估 ,正确选择移植物 ,DSA监控下将移植物导入裂口位置 ,使假腔与真腔隔绝。结果　 2 6例中 ,移植物置入全部成功 ,无术中死亡或中转开胸手术 ;术中内漏 3例 ,术后 3天左上肢动脉血栓形成 1例 ,胸骨后疼痛 1例 ,腹股沟切口延迟愈合 2例 ,术后 6天心梗猝死 1例。中期结果示假腔内血栓形成率为 89 5 %。结论　度过急性期 3周的StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤为腔内隔绝术的手术适应证 ,螺旋CT为术前评估的最佳方法 ,术中应准确定位左锁骨下动脉开口 ,远端裂口宜分期行腔内隔绝术。腔内隔绝术微创、安全、方法简单、疗效确切 ,病人术后痛苦小 ,恢复快 ,在StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤有较大应用价值。     

采用进口器具行微创腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型夹 …

探讨ＳｔａｎｆｏｒｄＢ型夹层动脉瘤的微创腔内隔绝术治疗的价值及应用经验。方法采用进口器具治疗２６例ＳｔａｎｆｏｒｄＢ型夹层动脉瘤术，术前精确评估，正确选择移植物，ＤＳＡ监控下将移植物导入裂口位置，使假腔与真腔隔绝。结果２６例中，移植植置入全部成功，无术中死亡或中转开腔手术；术中内漏３例，术后３天左上肢动脉血栓形成１例，胸骨后疼痛１例，腹股沟切口延迟愈合２例，术后６天心梗猝死１例。中期结果示假腔内血     

降主动脉瘤的腔内移植物治疗

目的 探讨腔内移植物治疗降主动脉瘤的可行性。方法 12例降主动脉瘤接受了血管腔内技术治疗,包括5例真性动脉瘤、6例Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤及1例假性动脉瘤。13枚支架型血管在局部（n=2)或全身麻醉（n=10)下经一侧股动脉切开安装在病变部位。结果 腔内技术成功率100％。无瘤体破裂、截瘫、脏器及肢体缺血等并发症。早期并发症：3例早期内漏血。CT及MRA随访1－30个月：5例真性动脉瘤4例被完全旷置,1例内漏转化为持续性。6例Stanford B型夹层入口4例一期封堵满意,2例少量内漏血自愈,4例假腔内完全血栓形成2,例部分形成。1例假性动脉瘤效果满意。结论 腔内移植物治疗降主动脉瘤是一种安全、可靠、实用的新方法。但其远期治疗效果有待继续观察,尤其是夹层动脉瘤的腔内治疗具有更多的不确定性。     

覆膜血管支架治疗DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层

目的探讨覆膜血管支架治疗DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的疗效。方法2001年6月～2006年7月,经CT增强扫描确诊DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层31例。切开右或左侧股动脉置入覆膜血管内支架,封堵原发破口,置入后重复造影检查。结果支架置入全部成功,术后即可造影27例无内漏,4例轻度内漏。术后早期1例出现左上肢缺血,1例截瘫,其余患者无支架移位与远端脏器缺血。术后半年复查CT增强扫描,31例均示支架段内假腔消失,血栓形成。术后半年4例轻度内漏均好转;1例术后4年出现支架近端严重内漏,行开胸手术治疗。结论覆膜支架腔内修复术是治疗DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的有效方法,但远期效果有待进一步观察。     

经食管超声在Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤腔内治疗术中的应用

近几年，随着腔内血管外科的迅猛发展，越来越多地将微创血管腔内技术应用于Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的治疗中。尽管Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的腔内治疗技术比腹主动脉瘤简单，但更容易出现内漏并发症。提高裂口一期封堵效果是亟待解决的问题，其中精确判断Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤第一裂口的位置为关键技术之一。因此，我们对     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤（附91例临床分析）

目的探讨腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景.方法回顾性分析本中心1998年9月至2001年7月间采用腔内隔绝术治疗91例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的经验.术前CTA或MRA显示夹层动脉瘤最大直径为6.6mm±1.8mm(4.0～10.0mm);70例表现为单一夹层裂口,21例表现为多裂口.手术方法为经股动脉或腹主动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口,手术在DSA监视下完成.结果即时手术成功率为98.9%;70例单一夹层裂口病人中,62例使用了单一移植物,7例使用2个移植物,一例使用3个移植物;21例多夹层裂口者,8例使用2个移植物同时封闭不同部位夹层裂口,12例远端夹层裂口旷置,一例中转开胸手术;6例手术结束时残存Ⅰ型内漏;3例术后近期死亡,其余病例术后无心、肺、肾功能衰竭及截瘫等严重并发症.术后随访1～34个月,一例术后11个月猝死,2例分别于术后14个月和24个月再发Stanford A型胸主夹层瘤而行Bentall手术,其余病人未出现与夹层及手术相关的并发症.结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种创伤小、恢复快的新方法,短期的随访结果表明该技术安全、有效;内漏是该方法的主要并发症并可能导致病人术后即期死亡;该方法的远期疗效有待继续随访.     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤146例临床分析

目的 探讨StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内治疗的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景。方法 对146例行Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。术前采用CT血管造影(CTA)或磁共振血管造影(MRA)对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估,术中在数字减影血管造影(DSA)监视下经股动脉或髂动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口。结果 术中移植物成功释放145例,1例移植物无法释放而转行开胸手术。119例仅使用移植物封闭夹层近端裂口,26例同时封闭夹层近端及远端裂口,46例远端夹层裂口旷置。围手术期死亡6例,其余病例术后无心、肺、肾功能衰竭及截瘫等严重并发症。术后11个月猝死1例,2例分别于术后14、24个月再发Stanford A型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤而行升主动脉人工血管置换术(Bentall手术),其余患者未出现与夹层动脉瘤及手术相关的并发症。结论 腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种创伤小、恢复快的新方法,短期的随访结果表明该技术安全、有效。内漏是该方法的主要并发症并可能导致术后患者死亡,远期疗效有待继续随访。     

血管腔内治疗DeBakeyⅢ型动脉夹层动脉瘤（附15例报告）

目的 探讨带膜支架植入治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的经验。方法 我科1999年5月至2005年12月为15例DeBakeyⅢ型的主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者作血管腔内带膜支架植入治疗，并分析其临床资料。结果 15例病人共用带膜支架22个，手术技术成功率100％。6例患者术中出现内漏，植入第二枚支架后漏口封闭。1例术后3月复查发现支架移位，再植入带膜支架后治愈。3例术后死亡，死因为心律失常，呼吸功能衰竭。治愈12例，平均随访20个月。所有患者内膜破裂口全部完全封闭，假腔内血栓形成无内漏，假腔均明显缩小。结论 带膜支架血管腔植入术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤具有良好的近期疗效，长期效果还有待进一步的研究。     

腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术治疗累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 总结腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术治疗累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的可行性和手术效果.方法 采用腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术治疗10例累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤.腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术封堵夹层破口,保留主动脉弓全部分支8例,保留头臂干及颈总动脉2例.手术均在局部麻醉下完成,覆膜支架开窗在术中进行.结果 患者术中造影无内漏,术后无死亡,2例左锁骨下动脉封堵的患者未出现神经系统并发症.随访中,开窗支架通畅,无移位,保留的主动脉弓分支动脉通畅,降主动脉真腔扩大,假腔血栓化并缩小.结论 对于累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤,腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术治疗是安全有效的治疗方法.     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层--116例临床分析

目的　探讨腔内隔绝术 (EVGE)治疗 Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景。　方法　对自 1998年 9月至 2 0 0 1年 12月间施行的 116例 Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤 EVGE进行了回顾性研究。术前 CT血管造影 (CTA)或磁共振血管造影 (MRA)显示 :夹层动脉瘤最大直径平均 6 6 .2± 18.1mm,72例患者表现为单一夹层裂口 ,4 4例表现为多裂口。经股动脉或髂动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口 ,手术在数字剪影血管造影 (DSA)监视下完成。　结果　术中移植物成功释放 115例 ,72例单一夹层裂口患者中 6 2例使用单一移植物 ,8例使用 2个移植物 ,2例使用 3个移植物 ,6例手术结束时残存 I型内漏 ;4 4例多夹层裂口者 ,18例使用 2个移植物同时封闭不同部位夹层裂口 ,2 6例远端夹层裂口旷置 ,1例中转开胸手术。平均随访时间 15 .4± 11.2个月 ,围手术期死亡 6例 ,其余病例术后无心、肺、肾功能衰竭及截瘫等严重并发症 ;术后 11个月猝死 1例 ,2例分别于术后 14个月和 2 4个月再发 Stanford A型胸主动脉夹层而行 Bentall手术 ,其余患者未出现与夹层及手术相关的并发症。　结论　 EVGE治疗 Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种创伤小、恢复快的新方法     

Value of intravascular ultrasound for endovascular stent-graft placement in aortic dissection and aneurysm

BACKGROUND: Endovascular stent-graft placement is a new concept for the treatment of aortic dissection and aneurysm. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with established diagnostic features may be instrumental in guiding endovascular procedures. METHODS: We performed IVUS and digital angiography before, during, and after implantation of 47 stent grafts in 40 patients with Stanford type B dissection (26 patients, 28 stent grafts), thoracic aneurysm (9 patients, 11 stent grafts), and abdominal aneurysm (5 patients, 8 stent grafts). RESULTS: IVUS could clearly identify the aortic anatomy and differentiate between true and false lumen in all cases of dissection. In four patients with type B dissection extending from the thoracic to the abdominal aorta the true lumen was exclusively identified by IVUS, and thus, essential for safe execution of the procedure. In another patient stent-graft placement in the aorta was optimized by covering a second entry detected by IVUS, but undetected by angiography. The site of stent implantation, the true and false lumen, as well as entry and reentry were always identified in both thoracic and abdominal aorta. In comparison with angiography, IVUS information led to additional balloon molding due to incomplete stent apposition in seven cases. CONCLUSIONS: As an adjunctive imaging modality IVUS is likely to improve stent-graft placement in aortic type B dissection, especially in patients with abdominal extension.     

裂口位于主动脉弓远端Stanford A型主动脉夹层的腔内修复

目的总结腔内修复术治疗裂口位于主动脉弓远端Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床经验。方法2001年1月至2006年6月在中山大学附属第一医院血管外科通过股动脉入路行主动脉腔内修复术,对21例内膜撕裂口位于主动脉弓远端和近端降主动脉的Stanford A型主动脉夹层进行血管腔内治疗,根据椎动脉造影确定是否重建左锁骨下动脉。结果全组21例中,急性夹层13例,慢性夹层8例,均接受了血管腔内带膜支架修复术,手术成功率100%。17例同时封闭了左锁骨下动脉,其中4例行左锁骨下动脉重建。4例发生内漏,1例术后发生脑梗死。平均随访22.3个月(6~65个月),所有病例均存活。假腔内完全血栓形成12例,部分血栓形成9例。结论主动脉腔内修复术治疗内膜撕裂口位于主动脉弓远端和近端降主动脉的Stanford A型主动脉夹层是有效和安全的,具有微创、成功率高和并发症少等特点。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层的血管腔内治疗：附158例报告

目的 探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层血管腔内治疗的方法和效果.方法 回顾分析6年问收治的158例急、慢性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者血管腔内治疗的临床资料.急诊手术19例,限期手术139例.术后定期复诊,动态观察主动脉的变化.结果 支架释放后即刻造影显示第一破口封堵率为92.4%.22例并发胸腔积血的患者,9例并发急性肾功能不全患者,13例并发肠系膜上动脉缺血患者,5例并发下肢动脉缺血患者,3例慢性夹层动脉瘤瘤腔巨大患者均于术后达到临床治愈标准.19例非左侧椎动脉优势患者术中直接封堵左锁骨下动脉后均未出现窃血综合征.住院期间无死亡.141例获得3～48个月的随访,2例存在持续内漏,1例因支架移位再次手术并获得成功,1例并发脑梗死患者恢复良好.结论 Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者在进行血管腔内治疗后近期、中期内观察疗效确切,是一种有效的治疗方法.     

腔内修复术治疗多破口Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的临床研究

目的 分析多破口Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的临床特征,探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术处理该病的临床方式.方法 回顾性分析2011年2月-2015年5月因多破口(≥2个破口)Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层在广州军区武汉总医院心胸外科接收TEVAR治疗患者的病例资料,除近心端第一破口外,使用外科方式处理远端夹层破口为处理组,否则为非处理组.比较两组术后6个月内胸背疼痛发病率、远端夹层进展情况、假腔变化情况、远端破口获益情况.结果 检索出符合条件的病例67例,所有腔内修复术均获成功,无严重并发症发生病例,术后6个月内无死亡病例.处理组7例,非处理组60例.TEVAR后两组胸背疼痛发病率、远端夹层进展发病率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),处理组夹层假腔较非处理组明显变小(差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05),非处理组19例患者通过夹层远端破口的血流供应腹腔内脏动脉.结论 TEVAR是治疗多破口Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层有效的手术方式,远端破口应根据Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层特点进行个性化处理或尽量不处理.     

急诊腔内修复术治疗合并灌注不良综合征的急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层

目的：探讨急诊行腔内修复术治疗合并灌注不良综合征的急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层的疗效及安全性。 方法：2006年1月—2013年12月,共收治23例合并灌注不良综合征的急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,患者治疗前均经全主动脉CT血管造影确诊。其中男16例,女7例,年龄42~68岁;合并肾动脉灌注不良8例（单侧6例）,肠系膜上动脉灌注不良9例,单侧下肢动脉灌注不良5例,脊髓灌注不良1例;17例患者急诊行腔内修复术及相关辅助治疗,6例患者拒绝手术,予保守治疗。 结果：6例保守治疗患者均在2周内死亡。17例接受急诊手术患者均予覆膜支架封堵主动脉第一破口,其中13例封堵第一破口后,分支动脉灌注不良改善;1例第一破口位于降主动脉中段,先植入裸支架,扩张主动脉真腔后,再植入覆膜支架封堵第一破口;3例封堵第一破口后,尚需再植入单侧肾动脉或肠系膜上动脉裸支架。术后30 d无死亡病例。17例均随访3~36个月,1例术后半年死于心肌梗死,余均存活且未出现支架相关并发症。 结论：对于合并器官灌注不良的急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,急诊行腔内修复术,恢复脏器供血,是挽救生命的重要方法。     

Early and medium-term results of stent-graft treatment of DeBakey type III aortic dissection

AIM: The safety and effectiveness of transcatheter stent-graft treatment in the early and medium-term postoperative period was assessed in patients with DeBakey type III aortic dissection. METHODS: Transcatheter stent-graft implantation was performed in 37 patients who had aortic dissection with entry sites in the descending thoracic aorta. Entry sites were closed with a stent-graft consisting of a Gianturco Z stent covered with an UBE woven Dacron graft. RESULTS: There were no in-hospital deaths or serious complications after operation. In 5 patients, a new intimal tear developed at the distal end of the stent-graft 8 to 13 months after operation. It was closed by additional stent-graft placement in 2 patients. The rate of thrombosis of the false lumen of the descending thoracic aorta 5 to 10 days, 3 to 6 months, and 12 months after operation was 70%, 80%, and 81%, respectively. As compared with before operation, the short axis of the true lumen increased (1.4+/-0.8 cm before operation, 2.1+/-0.5 cm at 5-10 days, and 2.7+/-0.6 cm at 3-6 months) and that of the false lumen decreased (2.9+/-0.9 cm, 2.3+/-0.9 cm, 1.5+/-1.2 cm), indicating enlargement of the true lumen and shrinkage of the false lumen. The false lumen was completely obliterated within 3-6 months after operation in 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our early postoperative results show that transcatheter stent-graft implantation is a safe and effective procedure for the management of DeBakey Type III aortic dissection. Devices with a minimal risk of causing intimal tears should be developed.     

Transcatheter stent-graft implantation for the treatment of acute aortic dissection -rupture of aneurysm because of perigraft leakage-

An 82-year-old woman was diagnosed as having acute type B aortic dissection. At bed rest, her systolic blood pressure was kept less than 120 mmHg. Four days later the aneurysm threatened to rupture. Because she presented a high operative risk for open-chest surgery, a stent-graft was implanted across the dissection site via transcatheter. The entry site to the aneurysm was closed by the stent-graft, and postoperative aortograph demonstrated that con- trast medium did not enter the false lumen except for a trivial projection. A CT scan 6 days after the stent-graft implantation unexpectedly demonstrated the false lumen not only had not throm- bosed, but had expanded. As a result, 8 days after the operation the aneurysm ruptured into the left pleural cavity, and the patient died. An autopsy revealed the stent-graft was exactly implant- ed across the entry site, but that the diameter of the graft was slightly larger than that of the aorta. Consequently, a portion of the rim of the graft had been warped after implantation, causing perigraft leakage. Leakage is one of the gravest complications of the stent-graft im- plantation, to prevent it, a new design for stent-graft device is essential.     

胸腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤(Stanford B型)的腔内血管外科治疗

目的 探讨Stanford B型胸腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内治疗的方法。方法 对l2例StanfordB型胸腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果 l2例患者全为男性，年龄40～68岁，平均52．1岁。其中10例患者进行了腔内血管外科治疗，均取得了技术上的成功，术后内漏1例，3d后漏血停止。其余病例术后即时造影示瘘口已被完整覆盖，假腔无血漏入，内脏动脉等恢复真腔供血。2例未行腔内治疗的患者，l例因并发呼衰死亡，l例死于夹层动脉瘤破裂。结论对Stanford B型胸腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤的治疗，如适应证掌握合适，腔内治疗与传统的开胸手术相比，具有操作简单，损伤小，安全度大，并发症少等优点，且可大大缩短患者的住院时间。保守治疗难以控制病情的发展，易导致死亡等严重后果。     

亚急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后瘤体重构分析

目的:探讨亚急性主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后瘤体重构的特点。方法:回顾性分析我科1998年9月至2005年10月43例亚急性主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后随访影像学资料。将主动脉分为S1、S2、S3三段,设定每段主动脉中点所在平面为观察横断面,分别测量每次随访CT各观察横断面真、假腔及瘤体直径,观察其变化情况。结果:术后12个月内S1、S2瘤体及真假腔重构变化较明显,真腔直径逐渐增大、假腔血栓化吸收、瘤体逐渐减小,24个月后变化趋于稳定,而S3段在术后重构变化不显著。结论:亚急性主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术安全有效,术后瘤体重构满意。病人在度过急性期后应尽早行腔内隔绝术,使得瘤体得到较好重构,尽量恢复至发病前状态。     

Endoluminal stent-graft placement in patients with acute aortic dissection type B

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of endovascular stent-grafting in treating Stanford type B acute aortic dissection. We describe our first clinical experiences and initial results with stent-grafting across the primary entry tear in patients with acute aortic dissection type B. Methods: Between March 2000 and August 2001, nine patients with acute type B dissection were treated endoluminally by stent-graft implantation. There were seven male and two female patients with a mean age of 63 years (between 48 and 85 years). In all nine patients aortic dissection was diagnosed by multislice computed tomography (CT) angiography. All nine patients had a maximal aortic diameter of 5.5 cm or more and recurrent pain, one patient showed hemoptysis. This patient with signs of a contained rupture was treated under emergency condition, the eight remaining patients were in hemodynamic stabile condition at the time of intervention. The GORE^® Excluder stent-graft system was used in eight patients (mean 1.8 stents/patient) and the TALENT^® stent-graft system in one patient, which were introduced transfemorally. Results: The primary entry tear could be sealed successfully in all nine patients. Complete thrombosis of the false thoracic aortic lumen was obtained in two patients, in the remaining seven patients the false lumen was obliterated in the area of the thoracic aorta but perfused via re-entries in the abdominal region. No severe intraoperative complications occurred. One patient developed bilateral incomplete paraplegia with motor and sensory deficits affecting completely the right leg and partially the left leg, 14 h after intervention. A cerebrospinal fluid drainage was initiated by inserting a lumbar catheter. All nine patients, including the patient with the transient paraplegia, could be discharged from the hospital in excellent condition and without remaining neurologic deficits. Control CT scans showed a reduction of the false lumen from 2.34±0.58 to 0.7±0.44 cm and an increase of the true lumen from 1.56±0.5 to 4.10±0.6 cm in the thoracic aortic region. Mean ICU stay was 1.8 days, mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.6 days. Conclusions: Stent-grafting of acute type B dissections may represent a very effective and promising new method by closure of the primary entry tear, thereby minimizing the risk of rupture of the thoracic aorta and optimizing distal perfusion by decompression of the true lumen.