磁共振成像在子宫内膜癌诊断和分期中的价值

应用磁共振成像对４３例临床可疑子宫内膜癌患者和７例正常妇女进行了对照研究，以观察ＭＲＩ在子宫内膜癌诊断、估计肌层浸润深度和分期中的应用价值。４３例患者，ＭＲＩ测得内膜厚度均超过正常标准。     

磁共振成像对子宫内膜癌术前评估的价值

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)在子宫内膜癌术前评估中的价值.方法 对2004年12月至2007年5月在北京大学临床肿瘤学院初次治疗的43例子宫内膜癌患者术前行MRI检查,并与术后手术病理分期进行对照研究.结果 MRI正确评估肿瘤浸润深度35例,错误评估8例,诊断准确率为81.4%.MRI对于肿瘤局限于子宫内膜层、浸润浅肌层及深肌层的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为100.0%,91.9%和93.0%;76.5%,96.2%和88.4%;80.0%,97.5%和95.3%.对于宫颈受累、侵犯浆膜层及淋巴结转移的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为:100%,97.5%和95.3%;85.7%,97.2%和95.3%;60%,97.4%和93.0%.MRI区分ⅠA、ⅠB、ⅠC期的准确性为82.1%,鉴别深肌层浸润(ⅠC)和浅表浸润(ⅠA+ⅠB)的准确性为92.9%.结论 MRI在判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度及宫颈有无受累方面具有很高价值.是一种较为准确的术前评估方法.     

磁共振成像在宫颈癌分期中的应用

宫颈癌筛查工作的开展使其病死率下降。但近年宫颈癌发病率呈稳步上升和年轻化趋势,提高宫颈癌临床诊治水平仍需进一步探讨和解决。宫颈癌正确分期对制定合理治疗方案、判断预后起重要作用。2009年国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）重新修订子宫颈癌分期,细化其中一些概念,但单纯应用临床术前分期仍有难以明确的问题。影像学检查在宫颈癌诊断中广泛应用,特别是磁共振成像（MRI）技术的应用更为临床提供了准确信息,凸显出MRI宫颈癌分期联合临床FIGO分期的重要性。MRI有直观显示肿瘤的优势,可准确评估宫颈间质浸润的深度、肿瘤体积及淋巴结转移情况等,是宫颈癌分期的重要影像学方法。     

磁共振在子宫内膜癌诊治中的应用

子宫内膜癌是最常见的女性生殖系统三大恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁女性健康。磁共振(MRI)具有良好的软组织分辨率,能多方位、多序列成像,在子宫内膜癌术前诊断和分期中起着重要的作用。常规序列在子宫内膜癌的诊断中具有重要价值,但也存在局限性,以扩散加权成像和动态增强MRI为代表的功能成像在子宫内膜癌的诊断和分期方面有着巨大的潜能。文章就MRI的常规扫描技术、功能成像技术以及子宫内膜癌MRI诊断的现状展开讨论。     

MRI对判断Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的价值

子宫内膜癌又称子宫体癌,是指原发于子宫内膜的上皮性恶性肿瘤,是女性生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一.诊断性刮宫是临床诊断子宫内膜癌的主要方法,但是无法判断肿瘤是否浸润肌层、浸润范围及有无转移.术前影像学检查可了解肿瘤的部位、大小、侵犯范围以及有无淋巴结转移.肿瘤对肌层的浸润深度与淋巴结转移几率关系密切,影响到手术方式的选择.治疗前准确估计分期、病理分级、淋巴结转移有助于合理选择治疗方案及判断预后[1].     

超声和磁共振成像在早期子宫内膜癌诊断中的价值分析

目的 探讨经阴道超声和磁共振成像（MRI）对子宫内膜癌（EC）的深部（≥50%）肌层浸润（DMI）和宫颈间质浸润（CSI）的诊断准确度。方法 选取53例绝经后阴道出血或服用激素替代疗法期间不定期阴道失血的妇女为研究对象,其中病理结果作为EC诊断的金标准,比较经阴道超声和MRI评估DMI和CSI诊断结果。结果 53例EC患者病理结果中,子宫内膜样组织学类型占比75%(40/53),其中良好至中度分化（1级或2级）占比95%(38/40);DMI发生率为43%(53/53)、CSI发生率为17%(9/53),FIGO 1或2期为77%(41/53)。经阴道超声与MRI诊断DMI及CSI的特异度、敏感度、准确度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经阴道超声和MRI术前诊断DMI与病理结果一致性评价：其中经阴道超声术前诊断DMI Kappa值为0.438,经MRI术前诊断DMI Kappa值为0.584;经阴道超声和MRI术前诊断CSI与病理结果一致性评价：其中经阴道超声术前诊断CSI Kappa值为0.769,经MRI术前诊断CSI Kappa值为0.790。...     

磁共振成像及彩色多普勒超声在子宫内膜癌术前分期中的应用

1　资料与方法1 1　研究对象　我院 1997年 8月至 2 0 0 0年 8月收治子宫内膜癌 3 7例 ,均无使用激素史 ,并经病理确诊为子宫内膜癌 ,年龄 4 6～ 68岁 ,平均 ( 5 1 6± 3 8)岁。患者临床分期均在Ⅱｂ以内 ,无内科合并症及手术禁忌证。临床分期及手术病理分期分别采用 1982年及 1989年ＦＩＧＯ分期法。1 2　研究方法1 2 1　术前子宫ＭＲＩ及Ｂ超检查　采用美国ＧＥ公司生产的ＳｉｇｎａＨｏｒｉｚｏｎＥｃｈｏｓｐｅｅｄ 1 5Ｔ超导ＭＲ扫描仪 ,检查前患者阴道填塞纱布 ,膀胱适当充盈 ,采用盆强相控振线圈。图像检查包括平扫矢状位自旋回波…     

磁共振成像对子宫内膜癌术前分期及肌层浸润的价值探讨

目的 :回顾性分析了子宫内膜癌的磁共振成像 (MRI)表现和手术病理结果 ,探讨MRI在子宫内膜癌的术前分期和肌层浸润中的诊断价值。方法 :1 9例子宫内膜癌的诊断和分期均经手术和病理检查确诊 ,术前MRI检查采取横断位和矢状位的T1W和T2W成像 ,子宫内膜癌MRI分期按 1 988年FIGO分期原则。结果 :MRI分期的准确率达 78 9% ,其中对Ⅰ期的准确率为 92 .8% ,Ⅱ期的准确率为 1 0 0 % ,Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期的总准确率为 93 .7% ;对肌层浸润定位的准确率为85 .7%。结论 :MRI是子宫内膜癌术前分期和肌层浸润定位的一种优越方法。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声联合磁共振成像检查在宫颈癌术前分期中的应用价值

目的 探究经阴道彩色多普勒超声（TVCDS）联合磁共振成像（MRI）检查在宫颈癌术前分期中的应用价值。方法 选取47例疑似宫颈癌患者,均采用TVCDS、MRI检查,以术后病理学结果作为金标准,比较TVCDS、MRI单一检查与联合检查在宫颈癌术前分期评估中的诊断效能。结果 TVCDS与MRI联合检查肿瘤术前分期的检出率与病理学检查比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。MRI与TVCDS联合检查宫颈癌术前分期的准确率显著高于MRI、TVCDS单一检查,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 TVCDS联合MRI检查可有效提升宫颈癌术前分期的诊断准确率,有助于后续治疗。     

磁共振成像在子宫内膜癌FIGO2009新分期改动中的应用及误判分析

目的 评估增强磁共振成像（MRI）对子宫内膜癌肌层和宫颈浸润及盆腔淋巴结转移的诊断价值并分析误判的相关因素。方法 收集2009年3月至2013年3月天津医科大学总医院妇科收治的167例子宫内膜癌患者临床、增强MRI及病理资料进行回顾,将MRI分期与病理分期结果进行对照,并对肌层和宫颈浸润深度及淋巴结转移误判的相关因素进行分析。结果 （1）MRI诊断准确率随期别升高而降低,随子宫内膜样腺癌分化程度的降低而降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;MRI诊断子宫内膜样腺癌和特殊病理类型患者的准确率为79.74%和64.29%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。（2）MRI诊断肿瘤浅肌层浸润的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）及与病理结果一致性的手捣直鹞?91.79%、90.91%、91.62%、97.62%、73.17%和0.758;深肌层浸润率分别为90.91%、91.79%、91.62%、73.17%、97.62%和0.758;宫颈浸润率分别为84.21%、95.95%、94.61%、72.73%、97.93%和0.750;盆腔淋巴结转移率分别为45.00%、91.16%、85.63%、40.91%、92.41%和0.347。（3）MRI错误评估肌层浸润、宫颈浸润及盆腔淋巴结转移,与患者分娩次数少、合并肌瘤、宫角部位病变、深肌层浸润、肿瘤体积大（包括肿瘤占宫腔面积≥1/2及肿瘤最大径较大）、子宫内膜样腺癌低分化及特殊病理类型正相关（P<0.05）。结论 增强MRI对术前子宫内膜癌深肌层浸润、宫颈浸润和盆腔淋巴结转移评估具有较高的准确率和阴性预测值。当患者合并肌瘤、宫角部位病变、肿瘤体积较大、特殊病理类型和子宫内膜样腺癌低分化等因素时较易误诊。     

应用MRI评价宫颈癌分期的临床研究

目的探讨应用磁共振成像(MRI)指导宫颈癌分期的价值。方法对64例宫颈癌患者在手术前行MRI,均依临床分期结果制定治疗计划。以术后病理诊断为金标准,采用病例自身对照法将临床、MRI分期中癌浸润的部位和范围、淋巴结转移,尤其是宫旁浸润情况与手术病理所见对比,评价宫颈癌分期。结果MRI对浸润性宫颈癌判断的准确率为93.7%,特异性为95.7%,敏感性为88.9%。MRI预测宫颈癌总的分期的准确率为75.1%。在区分局限性和宫旁浸润中MRI的准确率为93.7%。MRI对宫颈癌侵犯部位和范围判断的准确率达88.5%。MRI对淋巴结转移预测的准确性为90.6%。结论MRI可多方位成像清楚显示宫颈肿瘤病变范围,MRI对区分局限性和浸润性病灶、淋巴结转移有着较高的准确性。临床引入MRI技术,有利于合理制定治疗计划,应成为宫颈癌术前常规的影像检查方法。     

子宫内膜癌手术病理分期的临床意义

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌手术病理分期的临床意义。方法 对我院1995年1月至1999年12月间初治为手术治疗的96例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,术前采用临床分期术后采用手术病理分期,对这两种分期方法进行比较。结果 两种分期不符合率为45．8％（44／96）,其中临床Ⅰ期为24．0％（12／50）,Ⅱ期76．9％（30／39）,Ⅲ期为5例中2例。盆腔淋巴结转移率为10．3％（8／78）,其中临床Ⅰb期为16例中1例,Ⅱ期14．7％（5／34）。子宫外盆腔转移率14．6％（14／96）,其中临床Ⅰb期为19例中2例,Ⅱ期23．1％（9／39）。卵巢转移率9．4％（9／96）,其中临床Ⅰa期为9．7％（3／31）,Ⅱ期为10．3％（4／39）。腹腔冲洗液细胞学阳性率为7．9％（7／89）,其中临床Ⅰ期为4．0％（2／50）,Ⅱ期为10．3％（4／39）。大网膜转移率5．2％（5／96）,阑尾转移率2．1％（2／96）。经单因素分析,临床分期、子宫肌层浸润深度、病理分级和组织学类型均与盆腹腔转移有关（P＜0．01,0．05）。经多因素相关分析,前3个因素间比较,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论 手术病理分期较临床分期准确,临床分期尤其是临床Ⅱ期的误差率较高,临床处理上应予重视。子宫内膜癌盆腹腔转移与临床分期、子宫肌层浸润深度、病理分级密切相关。手术病理分期能客观判断预后,并指导治疗。Ⅲ     

MRI评估宫颈癌病变范围的临床分析

目的评价磁共振成像对宫颈癌分期的价值。方法对33例宫颈癌患者在手术前进行磁共振成像(MRI)检查,依临床分期制定治疗计划。以术后病理诊断为金标准,将临床、磁共振成像分期结果中癌浸润的部位和范围、淋巴结转移,尤其对宫旁浸润采用患者自身对照法与手术病理所见进行对比,评价宫颈癌分期。结果MRI对宫旁浸润判断的准确度为94%,特异度为96%,敏感度为90%。MRI对宫颈癌总的分期预测的准确性为75.7%。在局限性和宫旁浸润的区分中MRI有着94%的准确性。结论MRI在宫颈癌中对区分局限性和浸润性病灶有着较高的准确性。引入MRI技术于临床,有利于治疗计划的制定,应成为宫颈癌术前常规的影像检查方法。     

Magnetic resonance imaging performs better than endocervical curettage for preoperative prediction of cervical stromal invasion in endometrial carcinomas

Objective

Preoperative identification of cervical stromal invasion in endometrial carcinoma is important to select patients for primary radical hysterectomy. The objective of this prospective implementation study was to assess if introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to the standardly applied endocervical curettage (ECC), improved the preoperative prediction of cervical stromal invasion.

Methods

Over a six-year period, a total of 338 patients were surgically staged after preoperative assessment of the uterine cervix by ECC (years 1 through 3), and a combination of MRI and ECC (years 4 through 6). Suggested presence of cervical stromal invasion based on ECC (n = 321) and MRI (n = 146) were compared for diagnostic performance applying surgical FIGO stage 2009 as reference standard.

Results

For assessment of cervical stromal invasion sensitivity (specificity) [accuracy] values were 65% (79%) [77%] for ECC and 59% (91%) [84%] for MRI. Among patients diagnosed with both preoperative tests (n = 129), MRI yielded significantly higher specificity (p = 0.001) and accuracy (p = 0.005) than ECC. MRI independently predicted cervical stromal invasion with an odds ratio (OR) of 11.2 (p < 0.001) compared to OR of 2.7 (p = 0.07) for ECC.

Conclusions

The diagnostic performance of MRI compares favorably to that of ECC for preoperative assessment of cervical stromal invasion in endometrial carcinoma. Thus, the findings in this prospective implementation study support the value of preoperative MRI for assessment of cervical stromal invasion before radical hysterectomy.     

Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging and the preoperative identification of low risk endometrial cancer

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reported to offer the best imaging of local disease in endometrial cancer. We audited MRI scans to identify their clinical utility, particularly in the preoperative identification of 'low risk' endometrial cancer (grade one or two endometrioid tumours confined to the inner half of the myometrium). AIM: To correlate histological and MRI findings and to establish our ability to preoperatively identify women with 'low risk' tumours. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective audit of MRI scans in women with a new diagnosis of endometrial cancer from July 1998 to November 2002. Radiology and pathology reports and surgical staging data were extracted. Independently a team of radiologists reviewed MRI films and the findings were compared to pathology. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients were included. Only 10% of original reports contained all the clinically relevant information. On review, the sensitivity for the detection of myometrial invasion was 90%, specificity 71%, positive predictive value (PPV) 93% and negative predictive value (NPV) 63%. For the detection of deep invasion, sensitivity was 56%, specificity 77%, PPV 64% and NPV 71%. All women with grade one or two tumours having no invasion or grade one having superficial invasion detected on MRI had pathological 'low risk' disease. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging scans as reported offered limited clinical benefit. Attention needs to be given to MRI sequencing and reporting protocols. If the review results can be confirmed by prospective studies, MRI offers significant clinical utility in the identification of low risk patients and their surgical treatment planning.     

Role of magnetic resonance imaging and cause of pitfalls in detecting myometrial invasion and cervical involvement in endometrial cancer

Objective  To determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting myometrial invasion and cervical involvement in endometrial cancer. Study design  Seventy two consecutive patients with endometrial carcinoma underwent preoperative MRI. We compared the MRI results with the final histopathological findings. We classify myometrial invasion as <50 or ≥50% and cervical involvement as positive or negative. Standard statistical calculations were used. Results  The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI for the detection of myometrial invasion ≥50% were 71, 86, and 58%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values are 77 and 83%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI for the detection of cervical invasion were 41, 97, and 46%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values are 71 and 89%, respectively. The possible causes of misdiagnosis included a tumor isointense with the myometrium, polypoid tumor, myometrial thinning, exceedingly irregular myometrium, presence of adenomiosis, and presence of leiomyomas. Conclusion  MRI assists in planning the surgical treatment of endometrial cancer with an acceptable accuracy and a good specificity, although sensitivity is suboptimal.     

Accuracy of MR imaging for the prediction of myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the prediction of depth of myometrial invasion in the preoperative assessment of women with endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and MR imaging reports of 120 women with pathologically-proven endometrial carcinoma who underwent preoperative pelvic MR imaging between June 1997 and February 2006. Tumor signal intensity, the appearance of the junctional zone (JZ), the presence of large polypoid tumors and leiomyomas were analyzed. Univariate logistic-regression analysis was performed to identify associations between incorrect MR staging and the study variables. RESULTS: Data from 120 patients were registered for the current study and analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the MR imaging in assessment of myometrial invasion among patients with endometrial carcinoma were: 50.6%, 89.2% and 62.5% respectively. MR differentiation of deep myometrial invasion from superficial disease had an 83.3% accuracy (100 of 120 cases). Isointense JZ to myometrium (P<0.001), and the presence of polypoid tumors (P=0.037) on MR imaging were significantly associated with an underestimation of myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Isointense JZ to myometrium and polypoid tumors are difficult to accurately evaluate for myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma by MR imaging.