冶炼作业人群铅、砷负荷对脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨冶炼工人体内铅(Pb)、砷(As)负荷对脂质过氧化产物和抗氧化酶的影响。方法选取212名冶炼作业人员为接触组,以106名无Pb、As接触史的健康人为对照组,分别测定两组人员血清中Pb、As的含量为体内负荷指标,测定两组人员血清中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)水平,接触组按工龄分组将上述各项指标进行相关分析。结果接触组血清Pb、As平均水平分别为(0.18±0.03)和(0.39±0.01)μmol/L,血清SOD、GSH-Px和GST活力分别为(161.22±29.26)、(116.42±20.16)和(38.36±10.06)U,MDA含量为(7.32±2.35)μmol/L;对照组血清Pb、As平均水平分别为(0.07±0.02)和(0.11±0.07)μmol/L,血清中SOD、GSH-Px和GST活力分别为(181.61±28.34)、(153.14±20.36)和(46.20±10.26)U,MDA含量为(4.35±2.26)μmol/L。接触组与对照组上述对应各项指标进行统计学分析,差异呈高度显著性(P<0.01)。对接触组以工龄分组比较,显示≥10年工龄组较短工龄组(≤5年)血清Pb、As平均水平与MDA均较高(P<0.01);SOD、GSH-Px和GST活力较低(P<0.01)。结论Pb、As接触有增加体内脂质过氧化产物含量,降低机体抗氧化能力的作用。     

Principles and working mechanisms of water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) in relation to wound healing

The experience of the pleasant heat of the sun in moderate climatic zones arises from the filtering of the heat radiation of the sun by water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. The filter effect of water decreases those parts of infrared radiation (most parts of infrared-B and -C and the absorption bands of water within infrared-A), which would cause – by reacting with water molecules in the skin – only an undesired thermal load to the surface of the skin. Technically water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) is produced in special radiators, whose full spectrum of radiation of a halogen bulb is passed through a cuvette, containing water, which absorbs or decreases the described undesired wavelengths of the infrared radiation. Within infrared the remaining wIRA (within 780-1400 nm) mainly consists of radiation with good penetration properties into tissue and therefore allows – compared to unfiltered heat radiation – a multiple energy transfer into tissue without irritating the skin, similar to the sun’s heat radiation in moderate climatic zones. Typical wIRA radiators emit no ultraviolet (UV) radiation and nearly no infrared-B and -C radiation and the amount of infrared-A radiation in relation to the amount of visible light (380-780 nm) is emphasized. Water-filtered infrared-A as a special form of heat radiation with a high tissue penetration and with a low thermal load to the skin surface acts both by thermal (related to heat energy transfer) and thermic (temperature depending, with a relevant change of temperature) as well as by non-thermal (without a relevant transfer of heat energy) and non-thermic (not depending on temperature, without a relevant change of temperature) effects. wIRA produces a therapeutically usable field of heat in the tissue and increases tissue temperature, tissue oxygen partial pressure, and tissue perfusion. These three factors are vital for a sufficient tissue supply with energy and oxygen. As wound healing and infection defense (e.g. granulocyte function including their antibacterial oxygen radical formation) depend decisively on a sufficient supply with energy and oxygen, one explanation for the good clinical effect of wIRA on wounds and wound infections can be the improvement of both the energy supply per time (increase of metabolic rate) and the oxygen supply. In addition wIRA has non-thermal and non-thermic effects, which are based on putting direct stimuli on cells and cellular structures.wIRA can considerably alleviate the pain (with remarkably less need for analgesics) and diminish an elevated wound exudation and inflammation and can show positive immunomodulatory effects. wIRA can advance wound healing or improve an impaired wound healing both in acute and in chronic wounds including infected wounds. Even the normal wound healing process can be improved.wIRA is contact-free, easily applied, without discomfort to the patient, with absent consumption of material and with a good effect in the depth. The irradiation of the typically uncovered wound is carried out with a wIRA radiator.