Phytochemical screening and in vitro bioactivities of the extracts of aerial part of Boerhavia diffusa Linn.

Objective

To investigate the bioactivities of crude n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of aerial part of Boerhavia diffusa Linn. (B. diffusa) and its phytochemical analysis.

Methods

The identification of phytoconstituents and assay of antioxidant, thrombolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial activities were conducted using specific standard in vitro procedures.

Results

The results showed that the plant extracts were a rich source of phytoconstituents. Methanol extract showed higher antioxidant, thrombolytic activity and less cytotoxic activity than those of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of B. diffusa. Among the bioactivities, antioxidant activity was the most notable compared to the positive control and thus could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidant. In case of antimicrobial screening, crude extracts of the plant showed remarkable antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms. All the extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against Candida albicuns, at a concentration of 1000 µg/disc.

Conclusions

The present findings suggest that, the plant widely available in Bangladesh, could be a prominent source of medicinally important natural compounds.     

Phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of Citrullus colocynthis seeds extracts

Objective

To study the phytochemical screening of different extracts from Citrullus colocynthis (C. colocynthis ) seeds extracts and to assess their antioxidant activity on the DPPH free radical scavenging.

Methods

Phytochemical screening, total content of polyphenols and flavonoids of C. colocynthis seeds extracts, including a crude aqueous extract (E1), a defatted aqueous extract (E2), a hydromethanolic extract (HM), an ethyl acetate extract (EA) and a n-butanol extract (n-B) was carried out according to the standard methods and to assess their corresponding effect on the antioxidant activity of this plant.

Results

None of these extracts contained detectable amount of alkaloid, quinone, antraquinone, or reducing sugar. Catechic tannins and flavonoids were abundant in E1, HM and EA, whilst terpenoids were abundantly present in E1 and n-B but only weekly in HM. Coumarins were found in E2, EA and n-B. Polyphenols, expressed as gallic acid equivalent, amounted, per 100 g plant matter, to 329, 1002 and 150 mg in EA, HM an E1 respectively. Flavonoids, expressed as catechin equivalent, amounted, per 100 g plant matter to 620, 241 and 94 mg in EA, HM and E1 respectively. Comparable values were found in n-B and E1, with lower values in E2. Quercetin, myricetin and gallic acid were found in the EA and HM extracts by thin layer chromatography, The antioxidative effect of these extracts yielded, when tested at a concentration of 2 000 µg/mL in a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, a reducing percentage of 88.8% with EA, 74.5% with HM and 66.2% with E1, and corresponding IC₅₀ of 350, 580 and 500 µg/mL as compared to 1.1 µg/mL for ascorbic acid.

Conclusions

These qualitative and quantitative analytical data document the presence in C. colocynthis extracts of such chemical compounds as flavonoids responsible for the antioxidant activity, as well as other biological activities of this plant.     

Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract of Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f.

Objective

To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Nymphaea nouchali seed locally prescribed as a diet for diabetes mellitus.

Methods

The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the plant was assessed against 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation using standard protocols. Total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were also determined.

Results

Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavones, tannins, protein, reducing sugars, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids and steroids. The activities of plant extract against DPPH, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation was concentration dependent with IC₅₀ value of 42.82, 23.58 and 54.65 µg/mL respectively. The total antioxidant capacity was high with 577.73 mg vitamin E/g of the extract and showed a moderately high vitamin C content of 197.22 mg/g. The total tannin content of hydroalcoholic seed extract was high (195.84 GE/g), followed by phenolics (179.56 GE/g) and flavonoids (23.55 QE/g).

Conclusion

Our findings provide evidence that the crude extract of Nymphaea nouchali is a potential source of natural antioxidants and this justifies its use in folkloric medicine.     

何首乌3种组分的提取及其清除DPPH自由基作用的研究

目的分离何首乌二苯乙烯苷、蒽醌、多糖3种组分,比较它们清除DPPH自由基的能力,揭示何首乌抗氧化可能的物质基础。方法采用溶剂萃取和柱层析分离提取何首乌二苯乙烯苷、蒽醌、多糖3种组分,并通过DPPH自由基清除试验,比较各组分清除自由基的能力。结果何首乌二苯乙烯苷组分清除DPPH自由基的IC50为1.42 mg/mL（以生药计,下同）;何首乌蒽醌组分清除DPPH自由基的IC50为2.67 mg/mL,何首乌多糖组分清除DPPH自由基的IC50为360 mg/mL。结论二苯乙烯苷和蒽醌是何首乌清除DPPH自由基的主要组分;何首乌多糖体外清除DPPH自由基的作用较弱。     

三种葡萄皮及籽中活性成分与DPPH清除能力比较

目的 比较三种市售葡萄皮及籽中总酚、总黄酮含量以及抗氧化活性. 方法 采用有机溶剂萃取法提取葡萄皮及葡萄籽中的总酚与总黄酮,采用分光光度法测定含量,并进行DPPH自由基清除的研究. 结果 巨峰籽中的总黄酮、总酚含量相对较高;红提籽中总酚含量相对较高;而龙眼皮和龙眼籽提取物的DPPH自由基清除率相对较高. 结论 葡萄籽多酚与黄酮含量均高于葡萄皮,是天然多酚和黄酮的良好来源. 葡萄籽提取物具有较强的清除DPPH自由基的能力.     

In vitro analysis on bactericidal screening and antioxidant potentiality of leaf and root extracts of Thottea siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou. An ethnobotanical plant

Objective

Natural products of plant origin are potential source of novel antimicrobial and antioxidative agents. Thottea siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou. (T. siliquosa). A medicinal herb used by local tribals for treating various ailments. The present study aims at the phytochemical screening, GC-MS analysis, in vitro antibacterial activity and antioxidant potentiality of root and leaf extracts of T. siliquosa.

Methods

Hot continuous Soxhlet extraction, GC-MS analysis, antibacterial analysis by disc diffusion, microdilution assay and antioxidant potentialities by hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical scavenging. The data was statistically analyzed.

Results

Phytochemical screening of the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of leaf and root revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, tannins and saponin. The extract revealed a pool of phytochemicals by comparison with authentic standards from spectral library. Both the extracts has shown their broad spectrum of inhibition against the selected bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia compared with standard antibiotic drug streptomycin. The extracts showed antioxidant activity by scavenging of free radicals such as hydroxyl and nitric oxide. The IC₅₀ values of the ethyl acetate extracts leaf and root and standard in this assay were 167.5±0.67, 99.4±1.2, 192±2.5 µg/mL respectively. Similarly those methanolic extracts of leaf and root were 269.5±0.89 and 289.1±2.66 µg/mL respectively. Similarly, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts also caused a moderate dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide with an IC₅₀ range 65.5±1.55 to 148 ±3.09 µg/mL. The inhibitory activities were found to be dose dependent.

Conclusion

The present study provides evidence that ethyl acetate and methanol extract of leaf and root of T. siliquosa are potential source of natural antioxidants and bactericidal nature. It is essential that research should continue to isolate and purify the bio active components of this natural plant and use in drug discovery and development.     

光皮木瓜多酚粗提物的体内外抗氧化效应

目的 评价光皮木瓜多酚粗提物的体内外抗氧化效应.方法 采用体外DPPH自由基清除系统测定多酚粗提液的EC50和反应动力学效应,采用60Coγ辐照法建立小鼠过氧化损伤模型,以多酚粗提液喂养小鼠,观察体内MDA和SOD水平.结果 光皮木瓜多酚粗提物具有较强的抗DPPH自由基效应,显著降低小鼠体内MDA含量,提高SOD活性.结论 光皮木瓜多酚粗提物具有较强的体内外抗氧化效应.     

Antioxidant activities of Indigofera cassioides Rottl. Ex. DC. using various in vitro assay models

Objective

To evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides (MEIC) using various in vitro antioxidant assay systems.

Methods

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of MEIC was assayed by using different in vitro models like ABTS, DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Reductive ability of the extract was tested by the complex formation with potassium ferricyanide. Further total phenol and flavonoid contents of the crude extract were also determined. Rutin and ascorbic acid were used as standards.

Results

MEIC exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity in all the tested models. Reductive ability was also found to increase with increase in MEIC concentration. Total phenol and flavonoid content determination showed that the extract is rich in phenols and flavonoids.

Conclusions

All the results of the in vitro antioxidant assays reveal potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the leaves of Indigofera cassioides, equivalent to that of standard ascorbic acid and rutin. This potent antioxidant activity may be attributed to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents.     

中药白及抑制酪氨酸酶及清除DPPH自由基的有效部位筛选及其制备工艺考察

目的:对白及不同提取物的抗氧化活性和对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用进行考察,筛选具有抗氧化及美白作用的功效部位,为白及的综合利用开发提供依据。方法:采用水、70%乙醇、70%乙醇提取后水提等提取方式分别对白及进行回流提取,酪氨酸酶抑制法及DPPH自由基清除试验对各提取部位进行相关活性比较。以酪氨酸酶抑制率及DPPH自由基的清除率为指标,对醇提浓度及具体制备工艺进行考察。结果:白及水提物具有促进酪氨酸酶活性作用(-96.78%),其作用随反应时间延长而减弱,白及醇提物对酪氨酸酶具有良好的抑制率(68.36%),而醇提后水提物对酪氨酸酶呈现出先抑制后促进的作用,而后促进作用减弱;白及醇提物与水提物具有一定的清除DPPH自由基能力,其中醇提物抗氧化能力较高,为37.13%,而醇提水提物有增强自由基活性作用(为-43.73%)。综上结果得出,白及醇提物对酪氨酸酶具有良好的抑制作用,对DPPH自由基具有一定的清除作用。因此对醇提部位进行提取浓度、用量及提取时间、次数的考察,结果以95%乙醇,用量为100倍,提取时间为2 h,共提取1次,所得提取物的酪氨酸酶抑制率及DPPH自由基清除率较高。结论:白及具有一定的抗氧化及美白功效,其中具体活性成分尚需进一步研究。     

青蒿组分的体外抗氧化活性研究

目的 研究青蒿水提取物抗氧化活性及物质基础,为天然抗氧化剂开发利用提供理论依据。方法 采用传统加热回流提取法,用水作为提取溶剂对青蒿中抗氧化成分进行提取,并利用溶剂萃取、D101大孔树脂等分离手段对水提取物进行组分划分,进行DPPH自由基清除活性评价及铁离子还原能力、亚铁离子螯合能力、总酚酸和总黄酮的测定。结果 从青蒿水提取物中制备得到11个组分,且70％乙醇洗脱液（S10）、乙酸乙酯萃取物（S6）、大孔树脂20％乙醇洗脱液（S9）的抗氧化活性较高,与其所含的总酚酸和总黄酮密切相关。结论 本研究明确了青蒿中大孔树脂70％乙醇洗脱液（S10）、乙酸乙酯萃取物（S6）、大孔树脂20％乙醇洗脱液（S9）为青蒿水提取物抗氧化活性物质基础,为今后青蒿资源在天然抗氧化剂的开发和应用奠定基础。     

Phytochemical,Anti-oxidant and Anthelmintic activities of various leaf extracts of Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb

Objective

The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant potential and anthelmintic activities of Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb leaves.

Methods

The dried powdered leaves of Flacourtia sepiaria were extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol by a soxhlet extractor and preliminary phytochemical screening was performed using standard protocols. All the extract was evaluated for their potential antioxidant activities using test such as DPPH, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide radical scavenging abilities, ferrous chelating ability and total phenolic and flavanoid content. Anthelmintic activity of extract was screened in adult Indian earthworm model.

Results

Preliminary screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds especially phenolics, tannins and terpenoids in all extracts. The phenolic and flavanoid content was highest in methanolic extract and lowest in petroleum ether extract. The paralytic (9.46±0.212) and death time (31.43±0.148) of methanolic extract was found to be significant (P<0.05) when compared with paralytic (7.33±0.206) and death time (18.60±0.229) of standard piperazine citrate at 100 mg/mL concentration.

Conclusions

The results of the present study indicate that the leaf extracts of Flacourtia sepiaria exhibited strong antioxidant activity and possess significant anthelmintic activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant and anthelmintic constituents.     

In vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extracts of Daucus carota seeds in experimental animals

Objective

To assess the In vivo antioxidFant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Daucus carota (D. carota) seeds in experimental animals.

Methods

Methanolic extracts of D. carota seeds is used for hepatoprotection assessment. Oxidative stress were induced in rats by thioacetamide 100 mg/kg s.c, in four groups of rats (two test, standard and toxic control). Two test groups received D. carota seeds extract (DCSE) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Standard group received silymarin (25 mg/kg) and toxic control received only thioacetamide. Control group received only vehicle. On the 8th day animals were sacrificed and liver enzyme like serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated in blood serum and antioxidant enzyme like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GRD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were estimated in liver homogenate.

Results

A significant decrease in SGPT, SGOT and ALP levels was observed in all drug treated groups as compared to thioacetamide group (P < 0.001) and in case of antioxidant enzyme a significant (P < 0.001) increase in SOD, CAT, GRD, GPX and GST was observed in all drug treated groups as compared with thioacetamide group. But in case of LPO a significant (P < 0.001) reduction was observed as compared to toxic control group.

Conclusions

DCSE has contributed to the reduction of oxidative stress and the protection of liver in experimental rats.     

Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antioxidant activity of an indigenous medicinal plant Alpinia nigra B.L. Burtt

Objective

To investigate antioxidant potential of methanol extract of Alpinia nigra leaves.

Methods

The study was done by using various in vitro methods such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays. Phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the extract at different concentrations (10-500 µg/mL) were determined.

Results

Alpinia nigra leaves showed high free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by the low IC₅₀ values in DPPH (64.51 µg/mL), in ABTS (28.32 µg/mL), in nitric oxide (80.02 µg/mL) and in H₂O₂ (77.45 µg/mL) scavenging assays. Furthermore the TPC and TFC of the extract were found to be 69.25 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract and 78.84 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of extract respectively.

Conclusions

The results of present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that Alpinia nigra leaves possess high phenolic, flavonoid contents and potential antioxidant activity, and could be used as a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for functional foods and neutraceutical applications.     

In-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol stem-bark extract of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig

Blighia sapida (B. sapida) K.D. Koenig (Family Sapindaceae) is a branchless straight bole approximately 15 m in length. The study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract and fractions of B. sapida stem-bark using in vitro methods. Ethanol extract and its fractions were investigated for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and quantitative phenolic and flavonoid contents. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization assays. The extract and its fractions exhibited radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. The ethyl acetate fraction possessed maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents (136.67 ± 1.55 gallic acid equivalent mg/g and 75.76 ± 4.03 quercetin equivalent mg/g, respectively). Antioxidant studies revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction displayed superior activity with an IC₅₀ = 0.09 ± 0.03 mg/mL DPPH, and values of 146.96 ± 3.81 ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) mg/g and 359.20 ± 4.98 AAE mg/g for FRAP and TAC, respectively. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity was revealed by inhibition of heat-induced albumin denaturation and red blood cell membrane stabilization at concentrations of 200–1000 μg/mL and 50–250 μg/mL, respectively. The ethanol extract and fractions exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with ethyl acetate fraction showing superior activity, which could be attributed to secondary metabolites, mainly phenolic compounds. Overall, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of B. sapida can be exploited by ethnomedicinal users.     

没食子酸体外抗氧化作用研究

目的:通过对没食子酸(Gallic acid,GA)在体外清除自由基能力的评价,为其抗氧化应用提供实验依据.方法:采用分光光度比色法,分别测定药物对2,2-联苯-1-苦基肼(2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、过氧化氢和羟自由基的清除作用,以及对脂质过氧化的抑制作用,采用Gri...     

灯盏乙素体外抗氧化活性的实验研究

目的 研究灯盏乙素的体外抗氧化活性.方法 采用分光光度计和酶标仪,分别测定灯盏乙素体外总抗氧化能力与对DPPH、超氧阴离子和羟自由基的清除作用.结果 灯盏乙素体外能明显清除ABTS·+,同时对DPPH、超氧阴离子和羟自由基也有明显的清除作用,其EC50分别为:64.2,82.9,71.6和43.3 μmol/L.结论 灯盏乙素体外具有明显的抗氧化活性.     

胡杨叶水提物不同极性部位体外抗氧化活性评价

目的:体外评价胡杨叶水提物不同极性部位的抗氧化活性,初步探究胡杨叶水提物的生物活性。方法:用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇对胡杨叶水提物进行萃取处理得到不同的极性部位并采用DPPH法测定不同极性部位样品清除自由基的能力。结果:在相同浓度下胡杨叶水提物乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化活性最强,其次是正丁醇部位,而水层样品对DPPH自由基几乎没有清除能力。结论:测定了胡杨叶水提物不同极性部位的抗氧化活性,初步确定胡杨叶中抗氧化相关活性成分主要存在于胡杨叶水提物的乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位。     

黄芪多糖抗氧化作用研究

目的:评价黄芪多糖的体外抗氧化活性。方法:通过研究黄芪多糖的DPPH·清除能力、·OH清除能力、ABTS+清除能力、O_2~-清除能力和还原能力来评价黄芪多糖的抗氧化活性。结果:在浓度为1 g·L~(-1)时,黄芪多糖对DPPH·的清除率为72.9%;对·OH的清除率为60.2%;对ABTS+的清除率为52.2%;对O_2~-的清除率为33.1%;黄芪多糖的还原能力为1.32。结论:黄芪多糖对自由基(·OH、DPPH·、ABTS+、O_2~-)均有一定的清除作用,随着浓度的增加而增加,并且黄芪多糖具有一定的还原能力。     

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray dry flowers

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts of dried flowers of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray (T. diversifolia) dry flower-a shrubby plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and very common in Brazil, providing data to help prevent premature aging skin.MethodsThe tests of phytochemical screening included total phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The active antioxidant was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl method.ResultsThe phytochemical screening of T. diversifolia dry flowers revealed the presence of phenolic compounds (tannins, flavonoids and total phenols), while alkaloids and saponins were not detected. The IC₅₀ values showed a strong antioxidant activity of the plant extracts.ConclusionsTherefore, this study suggests the possibility of using dry flowers extracts of T. diversifolia for the prevention of cell aging, as was shown to have significant antioxidant activity.     

Phytochemical and biological studies of Butia capitata Becc. leaves cultivated in Egypt

ObjectiveTo study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Butia capitata (B. capitata) leaf extracts along with phytochemical analysis of the proposed bioactive constituents.MethodsDifferent successive extracts of B. capitata Becc. leaves were prepared with selective organic solvents and screened for their anti-inflammatory activities in tested animals and in-vitro antioxidant effect. An extensive phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extracts through paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), high pressure liquid chromatography and spectral analysis. GC-Mass, ultraviolet, hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, electron ionization-mass spectrometry, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation and heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation were carried out.ResultsResults showed that different extracts possess promising antioxidant effect and significant anti-inflammatory activity with variable degrees. The results of the phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extracts revealed the presence of volatile substances, lipoidal matter, α-tocopherol, free sugars, polysaccharides and flavonoidal compounds.ConclusionsB. capitata leaf extracts were shown to possess variable antioxidant effect, the most promising was methanol extract. Both polar and non polar extracts were proved to have anti-inflammatory activity, the non polar extract was superior in this respect. The bioactivity of the extracts was ascribed to the presence of flavonoids, sterols and α-tocopherol.