非接触性前十字韧带损伤初次重建术后失效的危险因素

目的探讨非接触性前十字韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)损伤初次重建术后失效的危险因素。方法2015年11月至2017年5月连续收治并随访2年以上的非接触性ACL损伤而行ACL初次重建的患者178例。随访2年内25例患者出现MRI证实的ACL移植物完全断裂或轴移试验阳性或KT-1000侧侧差值超过5 mm或MRI上静态胫骨前移超过5 mm判定为术后失效,纳入术后失效组;按照1∶2的比例匹配术后2年内未失效者50例,纳入术后未失效组。比较两组患者性别、年龄、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、患侧分布、半月板损伤侧分布、受伤至手术时间、术前麻醉下KT-1000侧侧差值、轴移试验、随访时间、术前下肢负重位全长X线片上胫骨平台后倾角及胫骨前移的差异,采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定ACL损伤初次重建术后失效的危险因素。结果术后失效组的胫骨平台后倾角为17.21°±2.20°,大于术后未失效组的14.36°±2.72°,差异有统计学意义(t=4.395,P<0.001);术后失效组的术前胫骨前移为(8.29±3.42)mm,大于术后未失效组的(4.09±3.06)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=5.504,P<0.001)。两组性别、年龄、BMI、患侧分布、半月板损伤侧分布、受伤至手术时间、麻醉下KT-1000侧侧差值、轴移试验分度、随访时间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素回归分析结果显示胫骨平台后倾角≥17°是ACL术后失效的独立危险因素(OR=15.62,P=0.002),胫骨前移≥6 mm是ACL术后失效的独立危险因素(OR=9.91,P=0.006);而性别、年龄、BMI、半月板是否损伤、轴移试验分度、KT-1000侧侧差值与术后失效无相关性(P>0.05)。结论术前下肢负重位全长X线片上胫骨平台后倾角≥17°和胫骨前移≥6 mm可增加ACL损伤初次重建术后失效的风险。     

关节镜下应用异体跟腱股骨双束双隧道同时重建后交叉与前交叉韧带

目的 评价关节镜下应用异体跟腱股骨双束双隧道同时重建后交叉韧带与前交叉韧带的临床疗效.方法 14例前、后交叉韧带损伤患者在关节镜下应用异体跟腱同时重建前、后交叉韧带,且后交叉韧带股骨侧应用双束双隧道重建.受伤至手术时间平均19.5 d.术后平均随访34.5个月.采用Lysholm评分和Tegner评分对患膝功能进行评估,通过KT-1000检查膝关节的前后松弛度.术前患者屈膝活动度(123.6±2.5)°,Lysholm评分(52.8±2.2)分,伤前Tegner评分平均为(5.9±0.5)分,术前为(1.2±0.9)分.结果 术后患者屈膝活动度(117.9±2.8)°,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.54,P=0.14).术后Lachman试验阴性者13例(92.9%),后抽屉试验阴性者12例(85.7%).KT-1000屈膝25°双侧胫骨前后松弛度差值在2 mm以内9例,3～5 mm 4例,6 mm1例.屈膝70°差值2 mm以内10例,3～5 mm 3例,6 mm 1例.Lysholm评分术后提高至(92.9±3.3)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=17.009,P＜0.001).术后Tegner评分终末随访时平均为(5.4±0.8)分.手术前后的差异有统计学意义(F=4.2,P＜0.01).11例恢复到受伤前运动水平(78.6%),另外3例运动水平较受伤前有所降低.结论 关节镜下应用异体跟腱股骨双束双隧道同时重建后交叉韧带与前交叉韧带,后交叉韧带股骨侧应用双束双隧道重建,更接近后交叉韧带解剖重建,能够恢复膝关节的稳定性,较满意地恢复膝关节功能.     

后十字韧带单束重建联合小切口切开腘腓韧带重建治疗严重膝关节不稳定

目的 评估后十字韧带(posterior cmciate ligament,PCL)单束重建联合小切口切开腘腓韧带(popliteofibular ligament,PFL)重建治疗严重的膝关节后向和后外旋转不稳定的临床结果.方法 自2003年7月至2007年4月,共有28例连续的患者接受关节镜下PCL单束重建联合小切口切开PFL重建手术.人选条件:所有患者均为严重的膝关节不稳定,后抽屉试验为3~+或以上,胫骨后移程度与健侧相比≥12mm,胫骨外旋程度大于健侧10°以上,同时不合并外侧副韧带的损伤.入选的患者接受关节镜下单束PCL重建,使用异体跟腱作为移植物.在膝关节外侧通过两个小切口切开,使用异体胫前肌腱重建PFL.股骨侧切口位于股骨外上髁,长度为2cm;腓骨侧切口位于腓骨头,长度为3 cm.结果 术后平均随访时间为39.7个月.使用膝关节应力像评估后向稳定性,胫骨后移程度(患侧与健侧的差值)由术前(17.7±4.5)mm减小为术后(4.5±3.9)mm,胫骨外旋程度(患侧与健侧的差值)由术前16.0°±4.7°减小为术后-2.8°±6.4°,术前与术后的差异有统计学意义.IKDC评分:术前28例均为D级,术后A级为10例,B级9例,C级8例和1例D级.结论 关节镜下PCL单束重建联合使用小切口切开PFL重建能够有效地改善膝关节后向和后外旋转不稳定.     

关节镜下股骨双隧道胫骨镶嵌技术重建后交叉韧带

[目的]介绍一种新的后交叉韧带重建手术方法及早期临床疗效.[方法]对24例后交叉韧带损伤病例,切取一端带骨块的自体股四头肌腱并制备"Y"形双束移植物,股骨侧双隧道,胫骨侧胫骨镶嵌技术固定.[结果]24例均得到随访,随访时间24～30个月,平均24.5个月.术后2年进行疗效评定.主观评定中,Lysholm评分从术前(49.20±1.44)分增加至术后(87.91±1.52)分,优7例,良16例,差1例,优良率为95.8%;术前KT-1000测定屈膝70°位胫骨后移值(12.85±1.10)mm,术后(3.98 ± 1.99)mm,失效1例.[结论]后交叉韧带双束重建及胫骨镶嵌技术手术是一种有效、可行的重建方法,早期临床效果满意.     

三明治式后十字韧带重建的临床疗效

目的 评估后十字韧带三明治式重建,即保留残存纤维,采用八股腘绳肌腱双束重建后十字韧带的效果.方法 2005年1月至2005年6月,单纯陈旧性后十字韧带损伤患者18例,男14例,女4例;年龄19～42岁,平均34岁.在关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱行双束四隧道重建,其中采用四股半腱肌腱重建前外侧束,四股股薄肌腱重建后内侧束.残存纤维保留于重建的双柬移植物之间.通过微型钢板和纽扣悬吊式固定移植物.根据IKDC、Lysholm和Tegner评分标准进行评估.结果 患者均获得2年以上随访,末次随访时发现,17例患者(94.4%)后抽屉试验阴性,1例后抽屉试验1度阳性.KT-1000检查示,双膝后向松弛度差值从术前的(9.3±1.4)mm改善为术后的(0.7±0.9)mm,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).根据IKDC评估标准,16例患者(88.9%)评级正常,2例患者(11.1%)评级接近正常.IKDC主观评分从(64.1±3.3)分增加到(95.6+3.1)分(P＜0.01).Lysholm评分从(58.6+4.4)分增加到(94.9±3.6)分(R＜0.01).Tegner评分,术前为5.6分,末次随访时为6.9分.结论 关节镜下后十字韧带三明治式重建能使88.9%的患者在术后2年得到正常的IKDC评级,11.1%的患者得到接近正常的IKDC评级.     

后十字韧带合并后外侧韧带结构损伤的关节镜下重建

目的 介绍后十字韧带合并后外侧韧带结构损伤的关节镜下重建及加强方式,总结其初期临床结果.方法 2006年11月至2007年10月,20例陈旧性后十字韧带合并后外侧韧带结构损伤患者采用八股自体胭绳肌肌腱双束重建后十字韧带、自体半腱肌肌腱加强后外侧韧带结构的手术方法.移植物采用微型钢板纽扣进行悬吊式固定.根据IKDC、Lyshohn和Tegner评分标准进行膝关节功能评估.结果 术后随访1～2年,平均(15.5±3.3)个月.末次随访时,患者伸膝活动均正常,1例屈膝受限15°,5例屈膝受限5°.后抽屉试验阴性17例,Ⅰ度阳性2例,Ⅱ度阳性1例.KT-1000检查(屈膝90°,30 kg)双侧松弛度差异平均为(2.35±1.35)mm.18例(90%)屈膝30°位外侧膝关节间隙增宽小于5 mm,2例(10%)分别为5 mm和6 nun.屈膝30°位小腿外旋角度较健侧增加均小于5°,平均为2.10°±2.67°.IKDC、Lysholm和Tegner评分分别为(90.00±3.49)分、(91.90±2.57)分和(6.50±0.69)分,与术前差异均有统计学意义.IKDC膝关节韧带评级15例(75%)正常,4例(20%)接近正常,1例(5%)异常.结论 采用八股自体胴绳肌肌腱双束重建后十字韧带,同时用自体半腱肌肌腱加强后外侧韧带结构能够恢复后十字韧带和后外侧韧带结构损伤后的膝关节稳定性.     

胫骨平台后倾角对前十字韧带重建术后膝关节前向稳定性的影响

目的 评估胫骨平台后倾角与前十字韧带重建术后膝关节前向稳定性的关系.方法 选取2010年10月至2011年6月收治的年龄45岁以下单侧前十字韧带完全断裂行前十字韧带重建的40例患者进行回顾性研究.男28例,女12例;年龄14～44岁,中位年龄22岁.随访时间24-37个月,平均27.5个月.依据术前MRI测量的胫骨内侧和外侧平台后倾角分别将患者分为三组:后倾角＜3°组,后倾角3°～5°组,后倾角≥5°组.以末次随访时KT-1000侧侧差值评估膝关节的前向稳定性,＞5 mm为移植物失效,计算失效率,比较三组移植物失效率的差异.采用Pearson相关检验确定胫骨平台后倾角与KT-1000侧侧差值的相关性,利用受试者工作特征曲线和逻辑斯蒂回归计算内侧和外侧平台后倾角致移植物失效的阈值及其敏感度、特异度.结果 术前MRI测量内侧后倾角4.6°±2.8°,外侧后倾角4.2°±3.4°.内、外侧后倾角≥5°组的移植物失效率均高于后倾角＜3°组,差异有统计学意义.内侧、外侧平台后倾角均与KT-1000侧侧差值呈线性相关(r=0.43,P=0.01;r=0.36,P=0.02).内侧或外侧平台后倾角每增加1°,移植物失效的风险分别增加1.76倍和1.68倍.当内侧平台后倾角＞5.6°或外侧平台后倾角＞3.8°时,移植物失效的风险显著增加.结论 胫骨平台后倾角与前十字韧带重建术后膝关节前向稳定性呈正相关.增大的平台后倾角是术后移植物失效的高危因素,内侧和外侧阈值分别为5.6°和3.8°.     

保留并牵张残留纤维的前十字韧带双束重建术

目的 评估在亚急性期进行保留并牵张残留纤维的前十字韧带双束重建的临床效果.方法 2006年1月至2006年6月,对56例前十字韧带损伤患者在亚急性期进行保留并牵张残留纤维的前十字韧带双束重建.前十字韧带双束重建采用四隧道八股肌腱移植的方法.使用PDS缝线穿缝胫骨侧残留纤维,经深束股骨隧道牵张固定.使用IKDC及Lysholm评分标准评估疗效.结果 53例随访2年以上.末次随访时所有患者Lachman试验均为阴性.屈膝25°KT-1000检测结果显示双侧膝关节松弛度差值为(-0.44±1.53)mm,与术前(8.01±1.83)mm比较差异有统计学意义(t=37.03,P=0.0001).29例(54.7%)双侧膝关节松弛度差值小于0mm,提示患膝相对于健侧更为稳定或紧张.24例(45.3%)双侧膝关节松弛度差值为0～2mm.所有患者轴移试验均阴性.48例膝关节活动度正常,2例有5°屈曲受限,1例有小于5°屈曲受限,2例有5°过伸受限.根据IKDC评估标准,51例(96.2%)正常,2例(3.8%)接近正常.IKDC主观评分为(95.6±3.1)分,Lysholm评分为(94.8±2.9)分.受伤前Tegner评分平均为7.3分,末次随访时为7.1分.结论 根据2年以上随访结果,以IKDC为评估标准,保留并牵张残留纤维的前十字韧带双束重建能够使96.2%的患者恢复正常,3.8%的患者接近正常.     

自体骨-腱-骨移植物与LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带的比较

目的比较自体骨-腱-骨(BPTB)和LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的效果。方法对59例ACL断裂患者采用自体BPTB重建ACL 29例(BPTB组),采用LARS人工韧带重建ACL 30例(LARS组)。按Lysholm、Tegner、IKDC评分系统和KT-1000检查评估功能。结果 59例均获随访,时间30～36个月。术后BPTB组和LARS组Lysholm评分分别为92.90分±9.10分和94.00分±6.87分;Tegner评分分别为5.76分±1.12分和6.07分±1.14分;KT-1000检查松弛分别为2.63 mm±2.16 mm和2.36 mm±2.08 mm。术后IKDC评分:BPTB组正常14例,接近正常11例,不正常4例;LARS组正常18例,接近正常8例,不正常4例。两组各项结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论自体BPTB和LARS人工韧带重建ACL均能够获得满意的临床效果。     

自体腓骨长肌腱重建前交叉韧保留残端的临床疗效

目的为探究关节镜下保留残端自体腓骨长肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法回顾分析华北理工大学附属骨科医院采用关节镜经行重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)患者,2015年5月至2016年5月期间未保留残端患者27例,其中男14例,女13例;年龄16～52岁,平均(29.8±6.31)岁;左侧13例,右侧14例;合并内侧半月板损伤3例,外侧半月板损伤6例,内侧副韧带损伤1例。2016年6月至2017年5月期间保留残端组患者26例,其中男14例,女12例;年龄16～54岁,平均(31.43±5.38)岁;左侧15例,右侧11例;合并内侧半月板损伤3例,外侧半月板损伤7例,内侧副韧带损伤2例。两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。评价两组患者术前、术后6个月、术后1年的术中情况、位置觉侧-侧差值、Lysholm评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(international knee documentation committee,IKDC)评分、Tegner运动评分、Lachman试验、前抽屉试验、轴移试验、KT-1000侧-侧差值测量结果。结果术后1年两组患者位置觉侧-侧差值、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分、Tegner运动评分、Lachman试验、前抽屉试验、轴移试验、KT-1000侧-侧差值测量结果均无明显差异(P0.05),但术后6个月时,保留残端组患者感觉评估、KT-1000侧-侧差值、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分、Tegner运动评分5个项目优于未保留组(P0.05)。结论保留残端的ACL重建术可能在近期疗效和恢复上有一定的优越性。     

No Clinically Important Difference in Knee Scores or Instability Between Transtibial and Inlay Techniques for PCL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review

Background

It is unclear whether the biomechanical superiority of the inlay technique over the transtibial technique, arising from avoidance of the killer turn at the graft-tunnel margin of the proximal tibia during posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, leads to better knee scores or greater knee stability.

Questions/purposes

This systematic review was designed to compare Tegner and Lysholm scores, and posterior residual laxity of the knee, between single-bundle PCL reconstruction using transtibial and inlay techniques.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE^®, Embase^®, and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing Tegner and/or Lysholm scores and posterior residual laxity, in patients who underwent PCL single-bundle reconstruction with the transtibial and tibial inlay techniques. There were no restrictions on language or year of publication. Studies were included if they compared clinical outcomes in patients who underwent PCL single-bundle reconstruction with the transtibial and tibial inlay techniques; they simultaneously reported direct comparisons of transtibial and tibial inlay PCL single-bundle reconstruction; and their primary outcomes included comparisons of postoperative scores on knee outcome scales and posterior residual laxity. A total of seven studies (including 149 patients having surgery using a transtibial approach, and 148 with the tibial inlay approach) met the prespecified inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail.

Results

Our systematic review suggested that there are no clinically important differences between the transtibial and the tibial inlay single-bundle PCL reconstruction in terms of Tegner or Lysholm scores. Of the five studies that assessed Lysholm scores, one favored the transtibial approach and four concluded no difference on this endpoint; however, the observed differences in all studies where differences were observed were quite small (< 7 of 100 points on the Lysholm scale), and likely not clinically important. Of the four studies that compared postoperative Tegner scores, three identified no differences between the approaches, while one favored the tibial inlay approach by a small margin (0.5 of 11 points) suggesting that there likely is no clinically important difference between the approaches in Tegner scores, either. Finally, we identified no difference between the approaches in terms of residual laxity, either among the seven studies that presented data using Telos radiographs, or the five that reported on patients with residual laxity greater than Grade 2 on a four-grade scale of posterior drawer testing (28/107 for transtibial and 26/97 for tibial inlay).

Conclusion

We found no clinically important differences between the transtibial and tibial inlay approach for PCL reconstruction. Based on the best evidence now available, it appears that surgeons may select between these approaches based on clinical experience and the specific elements of each patient’s presentation, since there do not appear to be important or obvious differences between the approaches with respect to knee scores or joint stability. Future randomized trials are needed to answer this question more definitively.

Level of Evidence

Level III, therapeutic study.

     

Stress radiography for quantifying posterior cruciate ligament deficiency

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different stress radiography techniques in quantifying a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) lesion. Type of Study: Prospective serial study. Methods: Sixty patients with subacute or chronic PCL injuries, confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or arthroscopic evaluation, were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent a KT-2000 (Medmetric, San Diego, CA) examination and a series of stress radiographs that included a radiographic posterior drawer test with Telos (Telos, Weterstadt, Germany) at 90° and 25° of knee flexion, an active radiograph at 90° of knee flexion, and an axial view radiograph. Results: Stress radiography performed with Telos showed an average posterior tibial displacement of 11.54 ± 4.93 mm and 7.97 ± 3.16 mm at 90° and 25°, respectively. The active radiographs showed an average posterior tibial displacement of 11.48 ± 5.14 mm. Conclusions: Stress radiographs were shown to be superior to arthrometric evaluation in quantifying posterior tibial translation. The techniques performed with the knee at 90° of knee flexion allowed for greater posterior tibial displacement and, consequently, an easier quantification of the degree of ligament insufficiency. Stress radiographs performed through hamstring contraction gave the same results as those performed with Telos at 90° of knee flexion.     

Arthroscopically assisted combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the multiple ligament injured knee: 2- to 10-year follow-up

Purpose: This study presents the 2- to 10-year results of 35 arthroscopically assisted combined anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL/PCL) reconstructions evaluated preoperative and postoperatively using Lysholm, Tegner, and Hospital for Special Surgery knee ligament rating scales, KT-1000 arthrometer testing, stress radiography, and physical examination. Type of Study: Case series. Methods: This study population included 26 men and 9 women with 19 acute and 16 chronic knee injuries. Ligament injuries included 19 ACL/PCL/posterolateral instabilities, 9 ACL/PCL/medial cruciate ligament (MCL) instabilities, 6 ACL/PCL/posterolateral/MCL instabilities, and 1 ACL/PCL instability. All knees had grade III preoperative ACL/PCL laxity and were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with arthrometer testing, 3 different knee ligament rating scales, stress radiography, and physical examination. Arthroscopically assisted combined ACL/PCL reconstructions were performed using the single-incision endoscopic ACL technique and the single femoral tunnel–single bundle transtibial tunnel PCL technique. PCLs were reconstructed with allograft Achilles tendon (in 26 cases), autograft bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) (in 7 cases), and autograft semitendinosus/gracilis (in 2 cases). ACLs were reconstructed with autograft BPTB (16 cases), allograft BPTB (12 cases), Achilles tendon allograft (6 cases), and autograft semitendinosus/gracilis (1 case). MCL injuries were treated with bracing or open reconstruction. Posterolateral instability was treated with biceps femoris tendon transfer, with or without primary repair, and posterolateral capsular shift procedures as indicated. Results: Postoperative physical examination revealed normal posterior drawer/tibial step-off in 16 of 35 (46%) knees. Normal Lackman and pivot-shift test results were found in 33 of 35 (94%) knees. Posterolateral stability was restored to normal in 6 of 25 (24%) knees, and tighter than normal knee results were found in 19 of 25 (76%) knees evaluated with the external rotation thigh foot angle test. In this group, 30° varus stress testing was normal in 22 of 25 (88%) knees, and grade 1 laxity was found in 3 of 25 (12%) knees. 30° valgus stress testing was normal in 7 of 7 (100%) surgically treated MCL tears, and in 7 of 8 (87.5%) brace-treated knees. Postoperative KT-1000 arthrometer testing mean side-to-side difference measurements were 2.7 mm (PCL screen), 2.6 mm (corrected posterior), and 1.0 mm (corrected anterior) measurements, a statistically significant improvement from preoperative status (P = .001). Postoperative stress radiographic side-to-side difference measurements measured at 90° of knee flexion and 32 lb posteriorly directed proximal force were 0 to 3 mm in 11 of 21 (52.3%) knees, 4 to 5 mm in 5 of 21 (23.8%), and 6 to 10 mm in 4 of 21 (19%) knees. Postoperative Lysholm, Tegner, and HSS knee ligament rating scale mean values were 91.2, 5.3, and 86.8, respectively, showing a statistically significant improvement from preoperative status (P = .001). Conclusions: Combined ACL/PCL instabilities can be successfully treated with arthroscopic reconstruction and the appropriate collateral ligament surgery. Statistically significant improvement is noted from the preoperative condition at 2- to 10-year follow-up using objective parameters of knee ligament rating scales, arthrometer testing, stress radiography, and physical examination. Postoperatively, these knees are not normal, but they are functionally stable. Continuing technical improvements will probably improve future results.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 7 (September), 2002: pp 703–714     

Single compared to double-bundle PCL reconstruction using allograft tissue

This study compares the results of arthroscopic transtibial tunnel single-bundle and double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstructions using allograft tissue in PCL-based multiple ligament injured knees. Ninety consecutive PCL reconstructions are evaluated: 45 single-bundle and 45 double-bundle reconstructions. All PCL reconstructions were performed using the arthroscopically assisted transtibial tunnel PCL reconstruction technique using fresh frozen allograft tissue from the same tissue bank. Achilles tendon allograft was used for the anterolateral bundle; tibialis anterior allograft was used for the posteromedial bundle. The knees were evaluated postoperatively, comparing the single-bundle results to the double-bundle results, with KT-1000 arthrometer (Medmetric Corporation, San Diego, CA) testing, three different knee ligament rating scales, and Telos stress radiography (Austin Associates, Fallston, MD). Both the single-bundle and the double-bundle PCL reconstruction surgical techniques using allograft tissue provide successful results in the PCL-based multiple ligament injured knee when evaluated with stress radiography, arthrometer measurements, and knee ligament rating scales.     

Treatment of tibia avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament with total arthroscopic internal fixation with adjustable double loop plate: A retrospective cohort study

AimTo evaluate the effects of treating tibia avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) by internal fixation with an adjustable double loop plate under the arthroscopic.MethodsPatients with a tibia avulsion fracture of the PCL were identified and were divided into two groups. X-ray, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to evaluate the injury and the fixation of the knee. The results of the range of motion (ROM), Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, KT-1000, and other clinical parameters were checked and recorded, and compared through the study.ResultsA total of 26 patients were identified in this study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial fixation was achieved the fracture fragments were well fixed in all patients and the fracture healed at 3 months postoperatively. The demographics and baseline characteristics showed no differences. There were no differences between the experimental group and the control group in IKDC score (54.1±6.2 vs. 53.2±7.1, P = 0.812), Lysholm score (37.5±4.1 vs. 36.8±2.5, P = 0.636), KT-1000 score (9.8±0.6 mm vs. 9.6±0.4 mm, P = 0.401), and ROM (30±4.5? vs. 31±3.7?, P = 0.723) before the surgery. Compared with the preoperative results, in the experimental group, the postoperative ROM (133.5±6.3?, P<0.001), Lysholm scores (84.3±5.2, P = 0.001), and IKDC scores (4.5±5.1, P = 0.001) increased, and the postoperative KT-1000 scores (1.6±0.4, P = 0.001) declined, there was a significant difference. Accordingly, in the control group, the postoperative ROM (131±4.2?, P<0.001), Lysholm scores (81.5±3.2, P = 0.001), and IKDC scores (83.6±3.7, P = 0.001) increased, and the KT-1000 scores (1.7±0.5, P = 0.001) decreased, with a significant difference. The postoperative outcomes, ROM, Lysholm scores, IKDC scores, and KT-1000 scores showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.799).ConclusionsCompared with the conventional method, arthroscopic internal fixation with an adjustable double loop shows promise but requires further study.     

保残与非保残重建后交叉韧带的病例对照研究

目的:探讨关节镜下保留残端纤维与非保留残端重建后交叉韧带的方法与疗效。方法:2006年1月至2011年1月,在关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带45例,可吸收挤压螺钉固定移植物。非保残技术重建后交叉韧带25例,男19例,女6例;清理断端后胫骨骨道采用双螺钉全骨隧道固定技术。保留残端重建后交叉韧带20例,男15例,女5例;保留残端纤维,采用与非保残组同样的固定方法。两组均随访18个月,采用KT-2000胫骨后移距离、Lysholm膝关节评分、IKDC评分及分级进行疗效评定。结果:在术后18个月随访时,KT-2000测胫骨后移距离、Lysholm膝关节评分及IKDC评分,非保残重建组分别为(4.2±2.1)mm,84.3±10.5和64.5±8.8;保残组(3.9±1.8)mm,86.5±8.9和68.6±7.9,两组差异无统计学意义。IKDC运动能力分级恢复正常或基本正常者,保残组优于非保残组。结论:保留残端纤维关节镜下后交叉韧带重建,在恢复膝关节运动功能方面显示了较非保残重建更好的优势。     

关节镜下Ethibond缝线复位固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨关节镜下Ethibond缝线复位固定治疗后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床效果。方法对2015年2月至2017年12月我院收治的22例PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折病人,在关节镜下常规前内、前外侧入路结合双后内侧入路显露骨折,将PCL重建定位器置入并在其引导下由前内向后于撕脱骨折床3点和9点处钻出导针,制造两骨隧道。术中使用双根5号Ethibond缝线在韧带后方骨块近侧打结,经胫骨双骨隧道将缝线拉出于胫骨前侧,充分复位骨折块,缝线收紧打结固定。术后定期随访,了解骨折复位、愈合情况及活动度,采用KT 1000测量及后抽屉试验评估膝关节稳定性,比较手术前后的Lysholm评分、Tegner评分、国际膝关节评分委员会(International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC)评分。结果随访时间为19~28个月,平均24.5个月。术后6周骨折均愈合,复位良好。术后6个月,所有病人后抽屉试验均为阴性,无伸膝、屈膝受限,平均屈膝活动度为138.5°±3.5°。手术前后的KT 1000测量值分别为(10.9±0.7)mm、(1.5±0.6)mm,Lysholm评分分别为(36.5±4.9)分、(94.2±3.3)分,Tegner评分分别为(2.6±0.8)分、(6.7±0.4)分;IKDC评分:术前C级7例(31.82%)、D级15例(68.18%),术后A级21例(95.45%)、B级1例(4.55%)。上述指标手术前后的数值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论关节镜下经胫骨双骨隧道应用5号Ethibond缝线复位固定治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折,固定方法简便可靠,临床疗效满意。     

Clinical and radiological results of arthroscopically treated tibial spine fractures in childhood

The objective of this study is to report the clinical and radiological long-term follow-up evaluation of young patients arthroscopically treated for anterior tibial eminence fracture. Ten patients (mean age: 13.5 years) were treated between 1992 and 2006. At follow-up they were clinically and radiologically evaluated. Moreover, they underwent assessment with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) forms, Lysholm and Tegner knee scales and measurement with the KT-1000 arthrometer. At a mean follow-up of 85.8 months, all of the patients reported a subjective good-excellent outcome. Objectively, the Lachman test was negative in seven patients and positive in three patients; six patients (60%) registered a slight (+) to mild (++) pivot-glide test. The mean value of KT-1000 arthrometer measurements was 3 mm; all knee scales showed satisfactory results. Radiological exam always showed good healing of the fracture. Fractures of the tibial spine often lead to anterior and rotational knee laxity. However, despite this instrumental finding, patients usually do not report any type of restriction in their functional or sports activities.