囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿67例临床分析

目的探讨囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾67例蛛网膜囊肿患者采用囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗的临床资料。结果 68.75%半年内蛛网膜囊肿消失,其余囊肿不同程度缩小,随着时间延长,缩小程度进一步加大,直到囊肿消失、颅内压消失,受压的脑组织恢复。结论应用囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗蛛网膜囊肿安全有效。     

颅内蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后继发裂隙脑室综合征2例报告并文献分析

目的总结颅内蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后继发裂隙脑室综合征的临床诊治经验。方法对2例颅内蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后继发裂隙脑室综合征患者的临床表现、影像学检查及术中所见结合文献进行分析。结果2例患者分流术后分别出现发作性眩晕和剧烈头痛,均伴恶心、呕吐,采取分流管头端调整术,并改用中压虹吸分流阀后症状明显改善。结论正确认识颅内蛛网膜囊肿-腹腔分流术后继发裂隙脑室综合征的病理生理过程,针对具体情况选择合适的治疗方案尤其重要。最有效的预防方法是在严格把握手术适应症的情况下选择可调压或抗虹吸分流管。     

囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿

目的 研究非开颅术（囊肿－腹腔分流术）治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿的手术方法。方法 对颅内表浅部位的蛛网膜囊肿,行囊肿－腹腔分流术。结果 ５１例１５岁以下的病儿行囊肿－腹腔分流术,２３例得到随访。１年内囊肿完全消失率７４％,其余病例逐渐缩小,总体有效率（囊肿消失和缩小）１００％。有３例颅内分流管在囊壁外,再次行分流管调整术。结论 以囊肿－腹腔分流术代替传统的开颅术切除囊肿,具有手术简单、有效、并发症少、无复     

囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗不同类型的儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿

颅内蛛网膜囊肿是儿童常见疾病．以往治疗以开颅囊肿切除术、囊肿切除 脑池交通术等为主要方法,但存在创伤大、易复发、临床症状不易消失等缺点,后来许多学者对浅表部位的囊肿采用囊肿-腹腔分流术进行治疗,取得了较好的疗效。但对于较深部位的囊肿采用囊肿-腹腔分流术尚未见     

儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿分流术后分流管临时结扎

目的 探讨儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿分流术后分流管结扎并安全拔除的可能性.方法 选择2004年1月至2009年12月在天津市环湖医院进行囊肿-腹腔分流的9例患儿,在分流术后6个月随访囊肿消失或缩小,直至2年囊肿无变化者,于皮下分流管最明显部分进行结扎,然后继续随访(平均2.4年)观察.结果 9例患儿有4例在术后平均6个月时囊肿消失;5例中颅窝囊肿在随访6个月时病变缩小,症状消失;继续随访囊肿未见增大;1例囊肿在12个月时消失;结扎分流管后平均随访2.4年没有任何异常表现,影像学未见囊肿复发或原有囊肿增大.结论 囊肿-腹腔分流管在囊肿消失或稳定后平均2年可以试行临时结扎,再继续随访,如长时间无变化可以考虑拔除分流管.

Abstract：

Objective In the past decade, thousands of the pediatric patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts ( ACs) undertook the operation of the cyst - peritoneal shunt ( C - Ps). More and more complications caused by the insertion and long time staying in the body of the shunt device were reported in recent years. Therefore,it is just the aim of this article to make clear how to removal the shunt device timely and safely. Method 9 pediatric patients hospitalized in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from January 2004 to December 2009 were taken into the study. We investigated the clinical symptoms and neuroimaging findings just at the time of 6 months after C - Ps. If the cyst disappear or reduce in size were found, follow - up would be continue for 2 years. When the change of the cyst in size could not be found, ligating of the shunt tube would be performed at an appropriate position subcutaneously, and a long time follow - up would be performed. Results The cysts disappeared in 4 out of 9 patients in an average 6 months of follow - up. At the same period the cysts reduced in size in 5 patients. No symptom or sign were found during the following up of 2.4 years after the shunt tube ligation. Conclusions Ligating of the shunt tube can be tried after 2 years of C-P shunt without any change in cyst size and clinical symptoms. The removal of the shunt device will be carried out finally.     

囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗老年人枕大池蛛网膜囊肿

<正>自2003年1月至2012年12月,共收治老年人枕大池蛛网膜囊肿49例,其中16例有颅内压增高症状,均采取囊肿-腹腔分流手术治疗,效果明显,现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组患者16例均符合枕大池蛛网膜囊肿诊断,其中男11例,女5例;年龄60~78岁,平均69.2岁。病史2~23年,平均24年。头痛头晕9例,头痛伴恶心呕吐2例,存     

腹腔分流术治疗儿童巨大蛛网膜囊肿20例报告

颅内蛛网膜囊肿是儿童常见的先天性畸形，通常出现癫痫和部分神经功能障碍时需手术治疗。以往的外科治疗方法以开颅行囊肿壁的大部分切除为主，但对于较大和巨大的蛛网膜囊肿采取此方法创伤大、易复发，临床症状不易消失。自1996年3月至2002年6月，我科共实施囊肿一腹腔分流术治疗儿     

囊肿腹腔分流术治疗幕上蛛网膜囊肿29例分析

1资料和方法1．1一般资料 29例患者,男21例,女8例;年龄7～26岁。临床症状以规律性头痛为主,伴有癫痫发作7例,认知能力下降5例,额叶精神症状1例,伴头围增大儿童1例。     

儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的治疗探讨

目的探讨儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的手术适应证、手术方法及手术中应注意的问题。方法回顾性分析71例儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的临床资料。其中囊肿切除术32例,囊肿-腹腔分流术39例。结果随访6个月到8年,影像学结果显示囊肿切除术组中。11例患者囊肿完全消失,19例患者囊肿体积明显缩小,总有效率为93．75％;2例患者囊肿复发,分别在9个月和14个月后再行囊肿-腹腔分流术。囊肿-腹腔分流手术组中,15例患者囊肿完全消失,23例患者囊肿体积明显缩小,总有效率为97．44约;1例患者囊肿体积无明显变化。1年后手术探查示分流管被大网膜包埋,调整分流管位置后囊肿体积体积缩小。癫痫治疗的有效率囊肿切除术为80％（8／10）。分流手术组为33．3％（3／9）,两者相比有统计学差异（P〈O．05）。结论囊肿切除术和囊肿-腹腔分流术均对儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿有着良好的治疗效果。以癫痫为主要表现的儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿,囊肿切除加局部皮层热灼术应为外科治疗首选：但对于其他该囊肿患者由于囊肿-腹腔分流术具有创伤小、操作简单、安全可靠、复发率低等优点,应为首选。     

囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿358例

目的 研究分析囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿的方法及其有效性和安全性.方法 采用囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿358例,术前主要根据影像学结果选择不同的分流管,在显微镜下完成囊腔内的置管过程.结果 颅内蛛网膜囊肿颞窝的发生率为60.6%,1年内手术有效率为97.2%,术后分流管阻塞率为1.7%,术后感染率为1.1%.结论 囊肿-腹腔分流术治疗儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿安全有效,具有操作简单、对脑组织干扰小等特点.     

症状性颅内蛛网膜囊肿的临床治疗分析

目的 探讨症状性颅内蛛网膜囊肿(IAC)的手术治疗方法、适应证及其治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析南通大学附属医院神经外科自2000年1月至2010年1月收治的32例IAC患者临床资料,总结其手术方法及疗效. 结果 本组2例保守治疗的患者失随访.随访结束时,23例(72％)患者症状明显改善(囊肿体积缩小或临床症状缓解),6例(18％)患者症状无改变(临床症状和囊肿大小无改变),1例(3.1％)巨大鞍区-鞍上区IAC患者症状加重(临床症状恶化或囊肿增大);术后影像学检查显示囊肿消失4例(12.5％),囊肿缩小16例(50％),囊肿大小无改变12例(37.5％). 结论 IAC的主要手术适应证是颅内高压、确切的神经系统损害、脑组织压迫.显微外科手术以及神经内镜是治疗IAC的有效方法.     

Familial intracranial arachnoid cysts

Three siblings with intracranial arachnoid cysts are described, two males and one female. One of the males has symmetric, bilateral, temporoparietal convexity cysts, and the others have singular, unilateral cysts. Three additional siblings in the family and other known relatives are clinically unaffected. As far as we know, this is the second reported case of familial intracranial arachnoid cysts and the first involving three siblings. The significance of these cysts and a review of the literature are presented.     

Management of intracranial arachnoid cysts: institutional experience with initial 32 cases and review of the literature

Surgical indications and modalities in treatment of intracranial arachnoid cysts still remain controversial owing to limited understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms and natural history of this pathology. Current literature favours endoscopic interventions for arachnoid cysts. We retrospectively reviewed 32 intracranial arachnoid cysts managed over 11-year period in our institution. Post-therapeutic results were clinically and radiologically assessed. Supratentorial location of cysts was noted in 75% cases (n=24) while 25% cysts were located infratentorially (n=8). The mean cyst size was 54mm in largest dimension (range 10-100mm; median 50mm). Hemiparesis was noted in 37% cases, raised intracranial pressure and seizures in 34% cases each, while cranial nerve dysfunction was noted in 16% cases. Seventy five percent cases were surgically managed: excision and marsupialization was done in 53% cases (n=17), stereotactic aspiration in 12.5% cases (n=4), endoscopic fenestration in 6.25% cases (n=2) and cystoperitoneal shunting initially in 1 case (3%) and after recurrence of primarily excised cysts in 2 cases. Conservative treatment with regular clinical and imaging control was done in 25% cases (n=8). The mean follow-up was 72 months (range: 12-108 months). Good outcome was noted in 72% cases, 16% cases remained unchanged while only one case with giant suprasellar cyst worsened. With excision and marsupialization, 65% of cysts reduced in size (n=11/17), 17% cysts resolved completely (n=3/17). The overall recurrence rate was 29%. Surgery excision and marsupialization of symptomatic cases provided good results.     

Neonatal anterior cervical arachnoid cyst: case report and review of the literature

OBJECTIVE: Anterior cervical arachnoid cysts are rare in the pediatric population, with only 16 cases reported. We present the first case of an anterior cervical arachnoid cyst in a neonate and review the literature on pediatric cervical arachnoid cysts. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 16-day-old baby girl with a history of myelomeningocele repair progressively developed symptoms of upper extremity weakness over the course of 2 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a compressive arachnoid cyst extending from C2 to C7. INTERVENTION: The child was taken for posterior cervical laminoplasty and cyst fenestration. Intraoperatively, diffuse cervical arachnoiditis was noted. Rapid improvement in upper extremity paresis was noted within 24 h of surgery, and MRI confirmed decompression of the cyst. However, flaccid upper extremity paresis recurred within 2 weeks. MRI confirmed recurrence of the anterior cervical arachnoid cyst. The child was taken for a secondary fenestration and stenting of the cyst. Only partial improvement in arm function was noted by 1 month following reoperation. CONCLUSION: Arachnoid cysts can be effectively treated with surgical fenestration, shunting, and complete or partial excision. Rapid identification and treatment results in improvement in myelopathic symptoms; however, the most efficacious treatment modality remains unknown. Of the 17 cases of anterior cervical arachnoid cysts reported in the literature, 11 (65%) have had either prior myelomeningocele repair or a history of spinal trauma. Anterior cervical arachnoid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute onset myelopathy in the pediatric population especially in cases with a history of spinal trauma or myelomeningocele repair.     

颅内蛛网膜囊肿伴发癫痫的手术治疗

目的 通过对37例颅内蛛网膜囊肿(intracranial arachnoid cyst,IAC)伴发癫痫患者手术治疗情况的回顾分析,以期对此类患者手术方法的选择提供依据.方法 25例患者归为囊肿手术组,方法有囊肿壁切除术、囊肿-腹腔分流术和囊肿造瘘术;12例患者归为癫痫手术组,行囊肿壁切除术同时,切除囊肿周围萎缩变性致痫脑组织,如果患者残存颞叶内侧及杏仁核、海马结构,也予以切除,如囊肿周围邻近功能区,则通过体感诱发电位确定中央沟后于功能区行多处软膜下横切术,必要时行脑皮质离断术和胼胝体切开术,12例均行术中皮层脑电图监测.结果 术后37例患者中6例囊肿消失,17例减小,14例无变化,两组相比无显著性差异;囊肿手术组2例无发作,8例改善,15例无效,手术总有效率40%;癫痫手术组7例无发作,3例改善,2例无效,手术总有效率83.3%,两组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 IAC伴发癫痫患者术前进行癫痫灶的确认,术中行囊肿壁切除术同时切除癫痫灶,大大提高IAC伴发癫痫的手术疗效.     

Spontaneous disappearance of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst: case report and review of the literature

Introduction Suprasellar arachnoid cysts are uncommon developmental anomalies that are most often diagnosed in childhood. Because the natural history and pathogenesis of these remain poorly defined, optimal treatment guidelines are not yet established.Case report We report a case of spontaneous disappearance of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst that persisted after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt performed 10 years earlier. A 5-year-old boy presented with impaired visual acuity and urinary incontinence. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a large suprasellar cyst with noncommunicating hydrocephalus. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was put in place to alleviate current aggravation of hydrocephalus symptoms. Because of the persistent size of the cyst and signs of brainstem compression on a repeat computed tomography (CT), we recommended surgical exploration and decompression. However, the boy’s parents declined any further surgical treatment, and the patient was subsequently lost to follow-up for 10 years. When the patient returned to our clinic at the age of 15 years, a repeat MR scan showed a complete disappearance of the cyst. His family denied any significant interval history.Discussion This case represents only the third reported case of spontaneous disappearance of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst. We discuss possible mechanisms and clinical characteristics of the disappearance of the arachnoid cyst with review of the literature.     

以慢性硬膜下血肿为首诊的儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿五例并文献复习

目的 探讨儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿相关性的慢性硬膜下血肿的病因机制及治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析福建医科大学附属第一医院2006年1月至2012年4月5例以慢性硬膜下血肿为首诊患儿的临床资料,男4例,女1例,年龄4 ～11岁,平均7.2岁,均以典型颅高压表现首诊,其中1例并发癫痫,另1例并发健侧肢体无力;发病前3个月内明确颅脑损伤史1例,无明确外伤史4例.结果 5例患儿术后颅高压及脑神经功能损害症状均消失.4例张力性囊肿的患儿,血肿均在3d内引流干净,最短为术后1d.其中3例于术后3周-2个月内二期行囊肿一腹腔分流术,术后随访半年-2年,血肿无复发,蛛网膜囊肿均近全消失;而另1例合并囊肿腔内血肿的患儿引流6d后血肿大部消失,症状好转,术后4个月CT复查发现囊肿消失.结论 颅内蛛网膜囊肿是儿童发生慢性硬膜下血肿的重要病因;硬膜下血肿的形成可能是机体为修复蛛网膜囊肿壁裂口而启动一系列局部炎性反应促动过程的“副产品”;治疗上首选颅骨钻孔血肿外引流术.     

神经内镜治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿108例临床分析

目的 探讨神经内镜治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿的效果,为蛛网膜囊肿的治疗提供参考.方法 回顾性分析1998年5月至2010年5月使用神经内镜治疗的108例颅内蛛网膜囊肿患者的临床资料,总结并分析手术适应证的把握及手术效果.结果 108例均成功行造瘘术.短期内症状好转68例(63%,68/108),其中头痛、恶心及呕吐症状缓解40例(95%,40/42);年龄小于12岁74例中症状好转48例(65%,48/74),其余34例中症状好转20例(59%,20/34).术后1周影像学结果示术前合并脑积水16例均明显缓解.手术并发症包括发热、硬膜下积液、皮下积液、动眼神经麻痹、颅内感染,除1例死于术后颅内感染外,其余经处理后治愈出院.94例随访3月,影像学检查示蛛网膜囊肿消失或缩小61例(64.9%,61/94),无变化33例(35.1%,33/94);临床症状较术前改善54例(57.4%,54/94),其中癫痫好转8例(44.4%,8/18);86例术后随访半年,影像学检查示蛛网膜囊肿造瘘术无效46例(53.5%,46/86).结论 神经内镜治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿长期有效率不高,需严格把握手术适应证.     

CT脑池造影在颅内蛛网膜囊肿诊断及治疗中的应用

目的 探讨CT脑池造影(CTC)在颅内蛛网膜囊肿(IAC)诊断及治疗中的应用价值.方法 南方医科大学南方医院神经外科自2006年10月至2009年10月共收治23例IAC患者.其中非交通性蛛网膜囊肿(NCtAC)患者采用神经内镜造瘘并部分囊壁切除手术治疗,交通性蛛网膜囊肿(CIAC)患者采用保守治疗,通过患者手术前后CT、MRI及CT脑池造影(CTC)检查,分析CTC在鉴别诊断CIAC和NCIAC、评价手术治疗NCIAC的效果中的作用. 结果 CTC证实本组患者中17例为NCIAC即真性囊肿,6例为CIAC即假性囊肿;随访术后NCIAC患者CT或MRI检查显示1例囊肿消失,13例囊肿有不同程度缩小,3例无明显变化.随机抽取8例NCIAC患者行CTC检查显示囊肿与脑池沟通良好. 结论 CTC对颅内囊性病变的诊断,尤其是对CIAC和NCIAC的鉴别诊断中的作用尤为重要,CTC检查为颅内囊性病变是否手术治疗提供明确指征,并且术后CTC检查可初步评价囊肿手术效果.     

颅内蛛网膜囊肿的手术治疗（附19例报告）

本文报告１９例颅内蛛网膜囊肿，对其手术适应证、手术方法选择和手术注意事项进行了讨论。作者认为：凡有颅内高压的囊肿，充分建立囊腔与周围脑池或腹腔之间的交通是手术成功的关键。