去带乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩11例报告

目的评价去带乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析11例因结核性膀胱挛缩行去带乙状结肠膀胱扩大术的临床资料。结果手术均取得成功,手术时间缩短约1h,围手术期无死亡和严重并发症。术后1年每次尿量达200~372mL,无排尿困难和尿失禁;肾功能改善,电解质和酸碱平衡正常。结论去带乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩效果满意,操作简便,安全性高,值得推广。     

回肠代膀胱扩大术治疗氯胺酮导致膀胱挛缩患者围手术期的护理

目的探讨回肠代膀胱扩大术治疗氯胺酮导致膀胱挛缩患者围手术期的护理要点。方法选取行回肠代膀胱扩大术治疗的因服用氯胺酮导致膀胱挛缩的患者6例,从术前、术后、并发症的处理及出院指导4个方面总结该类患者的护理要点。结果患者均手术顺利,肝肾功能恢复正常,经过精心护理,患者均治愈出院,临床疗效满意。结论回肠代膀胱扩大术是治疗氯胺酮导致膀胱挛缩的有效手段,精心的护理是患者手术成功及术后恢复的必要手段。     

全腹腔镜下乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩经验总结

目的:探讨全腹腔镜下乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩的安全性和疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年1月9例因结核性膀胱挛缩行全腹腔镜下乙状结肠膀胱扩大术的临床资料,并总结围手术期经验。结果:9例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放,术后无死亡和严重并发症出现。手术时间210～376 min,平均(266.6±53.6)min;术中出血量50～300 m L,平均(106.7±51.0)m L;术后肠道功能恢复时间1.0～3.0 d,平均(1.9±0.6)d;术后住院时间9～22 d,平均(14.8±3.6)d;导尿管拔除时间12～17 d,平均(14.7±1.6)d;DJ管拔除时间56～74 d,平均(64.0±5.8)d。术后6个月随访时,膀胱容量由术前的(44.0±1.6)m L增加到(397.8±12.3)m L(P0.0001);血清肌酐由术前的(166.0±11.4)μmol/L降低到(127.6±5.3)μmol/L (P=0.0072);血尿素氮由术前(8.9±0.6)mmol/L降低到(7.2±0.5)mmol/L (P=0.045 7);平均尿量(277.8±59.1)m L,间隔(2.4±0.8)h。所有患者术后无排尿困难,1例患者术后6个月内偶有压力性尿失禁,未予特殊治疗观察后恢复正常。结论:全腹腔镜下乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩具有效果满意、安全性高、短期疗效确切等优点,值得推广。     

膀胱扩张术治疗氯胺酮相关性膀胱挛缩的疗效观察

目的探讨透明质酸钠平衡液膀胱扩张术治疗氯胺酮相关性膀胱挛缩的方法和疗效。 方法2010年07月至2016年02月6家医院共收治滥用氯胺酮所致膀胱挛缩患者18例,男15例,女3例。患者戒断吸食氯胺酮,灌注0.09%透明质酸钠平衡液扩张膀胱,每周1次共3次,首次灌注2倍于术前膀胱容量的平衡液,随后灌注量每次递增100 ml。记录术前及3次扩张术后3、12个月时患者盆腔疼痛及尿频评分（PUF）、O'Leary-SantIC症状评分（ICSI）及问题评分（ICPI）、生活质量评分（QOL）和膀胱容量情况。 结果18例患者均完成3次膀胱扩张术,术中无大出血、膀胱破裂等严重并发症。术后2例失访,2例8个月后复吸,14例完成最少12个月随访。该14例患者扩张术前及术后3、12个月时平均PUF分别为（20.4±3.6）、（11.5±3.1）和（13.2±3.3）分;ICSI分别为（13.6±2.8）、（7.7±2.3）和（8.2±2.5）分;ICPI分别为（10.6±2.6）、（7.3±2.1）和（7.7±2.5）分;QOL分别为（6.0±0）、（2.1±0.5）和（2.7±0.8）分;膀胱容量分别为（83±27）ml、（234±56）ml和（228±52）ml,所有指标术后与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论透明质酸钠平衡液膀胱扩张术治疗氯胺酮相关性膀胱挛缩安全有效,手术操作简单,耐受性好。     

乙状结肠膀胱扩大术的手术配合

总结了4例神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍病人乙状结肠膀胱扩大术的手术配合要点：①熟悉器械性能；②掌据手术配合步骤；③掌握术前、术中特殊配合及术后处理要点。     

膀胱扩大术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩患者的围术期护理

目的 总结结核性膀胱挛缩膀胱扩大术患者的围术期护理措施.方法 对11例结核性膀胱挛缩患者行膀胱扩大术,术前加强心理护理,建立24 h排尿记录卡,完善常规及特殊检查,做好肠道准备;术后加强病情监护,供给合理的饮食和充足的营养,加强基础护理、引流管的护理、膀胱排尿功能的训练及出院指导.结果 患者平均住院16.5 d,术后均...     

乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的疗效观察

目的探讨乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的疗效。方法对9例（男7例,女2例）脊髓栓系所致神经原性低顺应性膀胱患者行乙状结肠膀胱扩大术及自家清洁间歇导尿。患者年龄（14．2±7．3）岁,术后平均随访（39．3±37．5）个月,随访评估项目包括B超、IVU、膀胱输尿管返流造影、尿动力学、实验室生化全项检查及生活质量评估。结果9例均获随访,均未见肾积水和生化全项异常。2例患者出现一侧轻度膀胱输尿管返流。尿动力学检查示平均膀胱容量（486．7±50．0）ml,充盈期末膀胱内平均压力（18．3±5．6）cm H2O（1 cm H2O=0．098 kPa）。9例患者均能掌握自家清洁间歇导尿术,不影响患者的生活和工作。患者顽固性便秘症状消失,7例男性患者勃起功能保留。结论乙状结肠膀胱扩大术能有效增加膀胱的安全容量,消除顽固性便秘及保留男性勃起功能,结合自家清洁间歇导尿可获得良好的生活质量,是治疗脊髓栓系所致神经原性低顺应性膀胱的良好选择。     

回肠膀胱扩大术治疗结核性挛缩膀胱的效果观察

目的探讨回肠膀胱扩大术治疗结核性挛缩膀胱的诊治经验及疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2017年8月遵义医科大学附属医院7例晚期泌尿系结核患者的临床资料。所有患者经抗结核治疗2~4周后行患肾切除术,并在抗结核治疗2~6个月后行保留原膀胱的回肠膀胱扩大术。结果所有患者术后平均住院13.6d,均能自行排尿,术后2周最大膀胱容量扩大至120~209mL,平均180mL。术后1个月膀胱最大容量扩大至310~375mL,平均354mL。健侧肾积水、肾功能损伤以及膀胱残余尿情况在术后有加重趋势,尤其在术后3个月最严重,但术后6个月上述情况均较术后3个月时明显好转(P<0.05),而与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1个月生活质量评分(SF-36)与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而术后3个月及术后6个月生活质量较术前改善,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有患者尿频、尿急、尿失禁症状均有明显改善,肾功能未出现进一步恶化。结论保留原膀胱的回肠膀胱扩大术是治疗晚期肾结核挛缩膀胱的有效方法。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜回肠膀胱扩大术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩的初步经验

因泌尿系结核进展导致的膀胱挛缩常引起尿频、尿急、尿痛,可伴血尿或脓尿,严重者可合并对侧肾积水及肾功能不全,甚至可能危及生命。药物保守治疗往往效果不佳,膀胱扩大术是主要的治疗手段。传统开放手术和腹腔镜手术均取得不错的效果,近年来,机器人平台的出现为术者提供了三维立体视野、更加精细灵活的机械臂,很大程度方便了腔内游离缝合等操作。2019年4月～2019年12月共有3例患者因结核性膀胱挛缩于我中心行机器人辅助腹腔镜回肠膀胱扩大术,男2例,女1例,术前泌尿系超声提示膀胱容量分别为35 mL、78 mL、9.2 mL。3例患者均成功完成机器人辅助腹腔镜回肠膀胱扩大术,无中转开放或普通腹腔镜手术,中位手术时间240(221～273) min,中位术中出血量100(50～200) mL。中位术后住院时间8(6～10) d。术后随访5～13个月,膀胱容量300～450 mL,膀胱顺应性良好,3例患者均经尿道自主排尿,最大尿流率15.6～19.1 mL/s,残余尿0～50 mL。随访期间无结核复发、肾功能不全等并发症发生。综上,我中心初步经验表明机器人回肠膀胱扩大术能有效增加膀胱容量,改善膀胱挛缩引起的...     

乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性低顺应性膀胱6例疗效观察

目的：探讨乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性低顺应性膀胱的疗效。方法：6例神经源性低顺应性膀胱患者行乙状结肠膀胱扩大术及双侧输尿管膀胱再植术。男5例,女1例。年龄16-40岁,病程5～20年。其中3例脊髓损伤,3例脊髓栓系。术后均自行间歇清洁导尿。结果：6例患者均随诊,术后B超示肾积水,较术前缓解或消失,血清肌酐水平较术前明显降低,尿动力学示膀胱容量为（458．6±37．2）ml,充盈期末膀胱内平均压为（17．8±4．6）cmH2O,无膀胱输尿管返流,2例出现泌尿系感染,1例出现肠粘液堵管,经对症治疗后缓解。结论：乙状结肠膀胱扩大术可有效地扩大膀胱容量,降低充盈期末膀胱压力,使患者有一个安全的储尿环境,是治疗神经源性低顺应性膀胱的最佳选择,提高了患者的生存质量。     

乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱10例报告

目的探讨乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的疗效。方法采用乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗10例神经原性低顺应性膀胱患者。男6例,女4例。年龄4～32岁,平均16岁。病程4～20年。其中脊髓栓系综合征8例,脊髓损伤2例。术前均未接受过骶神经根切断和膀胱手术。有膀胱输尿管返流者同时作返流侧输尿管膀胱再植术。术后不能自行排尿或剩余尿量>50 ml者辅以间歇性清洁导尿。结果术后随访11～57个月。术前漏尿者10例,术后仅3例仍有漏尿,但程度明显减轻。血肌酐(SCr)由(263.8±109.8)μmol/L降至(113.1±23.2)μmol/L(P< 0.01),膀胱容量由(61.9±37.7)ml增至(373.0±88.1)ml(P<0.01),储尿期最大逼尿肌压力由(54.2±44.8)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)降至(17.7±10.6)cm H2O(P<0.01)。有膀胱输尿管返流者由9例17侧减少至1例1侧。需长期间歇性清洁导尿者4例,其中1例因未按时进行间歇性清洁导尿者导致代谢性酸中毒。按时间歇性清洁导尿后治愈。菌尿10例,其中1例需抗生素治疗。结论乙状结肠膀胱扩大术是治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的有效方法,能改善患者肾功能,提高患者生活质量。     

Urodynamic comparison of ileum vs. sigmoid in augmentation cystoplasty for neurogenic bladder dysfunction

We performed multichannel urodynamics before and after augmentation Cystoplasty in 26 patients (11 females, 15 males) to determine which bowel segment is best to achieve a large volume and low pressure reservoir. All 26 patients had a neurogenic cause for their bladder dysfunction, lleum was used in 14 patients and sigmoid was used in 12 patients. Detubularization was performed in all patients. Capacity improved significantly in both the ileum and the sigmoid group after surgery. When detubularized ileum was used, the maximum amplitude of uninhibited reservoir contractions was significantly improved or eliminated postoperatively. When sigmoid was used, uninhibited reservoir contractions did not significantly improve postoperatively and were, in fact, more common than preoperatively. Despite the detubularization, pressure waves were identified in 15 of the 26 patients postoperatively. There was significant improvement in end filling pressures at capacity (compliance) with both ileum and sigmoid postoperatively. However, end filling pressures were significantly higher in the sigmoid group. In conclusion, good capacity was achieved with both ileum and sigmoid postoperatively. However, ileum provided lower reservoir pressures and better compliance. We feel that urodynamically detubularized ileum is better suited than sigmoid for augmentation Cystoplasty in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

腹膜外回肠片膀胱前壁扩大成形术治疗膀胱挛缩的探讨(附9例报告)

目的：介绍一种创伤性小、操作简单、效果满意的膀胱扩大手术方式。方法：对9例器质性或功能性膀胱挛缩患者．采用腹膜外回肠片膀胱前壁扩大成形术．并对手术后恢复时间、术后并发症及远期随访结果进行分析。结果：所有手术患者自觉症状改善．术后膀胱容量、尿流率改变等方面均取得满意效果。结论：腹膜外回肠片膀胱前壁扩大成形术在简化手术操作、减少腹腔并发症、缩短住院天数等方面具有明显优势．是一种治疗膀胱挛缩的有效术式。     

Augmentation cystoplasty in neuropathic bladder

Objectives: To look at the changing role of cystoplasty in the neuropathic population.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Single center over a 10-year period from 2004 to 2014.

Participants and intervention: In 1995, the Princess Royal spinal injuries unit published the outcomes of 78 neuropathic patients who had undergone cystoplasty in the 10-year period from 1982 to 1992. [Singh G, Thomas DG. Enterocystoplasty in the neuropathic bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 1995; 14(1): 5–10.]. In this series, we review 51 consecutive patients undergoing the same operation over a 10-year period from 2004 to 2014 in the same single unit.

Outcome measures: Demographic data were collected to include patient age, condition, and previous treatments. Pre- and post-operative details included sphincter insertions, renal function, continence rates, and complications.

Results: Despite an increase in the number of patients seen at the unit, there were considerably fewer cystoplasty procedures performed in the current series (51 vs. 78 in the 1982–1992 series). There were also significantly fewer patients with spina bifida and fewer concomitant sphincter insertions in the latter series (eight patients vs. 52 in the 82/92 series). Nevertheless, similar outcomes are observed between the current and 1982–1992 series, with continence rates of 93.7 and 93.6%, respectively and low numbers of reported adverse events for both retrospective cohorts.

Conclusions: Cystoplasty remains a safe and effective option for the management of neuropathic bladder in a carefully selected group of patients.     

Effects of augmentation cystoplasty on bladder contractility in rabbits

Background/Purpose

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of colocystoplasty and prefabricated cystoplasty on the bladder contractility in rabbits.

Methods

Twenty-eight female New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into sham-operated controls, sigmoid enterocystoplasty (SECP), and prefabricated enterocystoplasty (PECP) groups. Augmentation cystoplasty with a 2-cm colon segment was performed in the SECP group. Mucosa was removed from the isolated sigmoid colon and covered with uroepithelial grafts from the bladder mucosa in the PECP group. Two weeks after the replacement of mucosa, enterocystoplasty was performed. Isometric contractions obtained by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and acetylcholine were evaluated in the bladder strips, 3 weeks after the operations.

Results

Bladder strips obtained from the experimental groups displayed similar basal rhythmic activity. Electric field stimulation elicited a frequency-dependent contractile activity, which was lower between 1 to 20 Hz stimulation in the SECP- and PECP-operated animals. Acetylcholine elicited concentration-dependent contractions in all groups. Acetylcholine-induced contractile responses were greater in the PECP group.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that an augmented bladder prepared either with a sigmoid colon or prefabricated seromuscular flap displayed contractile activity similar to normal bladder.     

Comparison of bladder autoaugmentation by transurethral vesicomyotomy and hydrodistention for ketamine cystitis

BackgroundTo illustrate the bladder autoaugmentation by transurethral vesicomyotomy (BATV) and compare the efficacy and safety of BATV to bladder hydrodistention (BH) for managing ketamine cystitis (KC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data for 53 patients with KC who received surgical intervention between 2014 and 2019 at our hospital. Of these, 41 (77.4%) underwent BH and 12 (22.6%) were subjected to BATV, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. These groups were compared with reference to urodynamic parameters, subjective symptom scores as well as all complications.ResultsBoth groups were matched in age, addiction time, preoperative urodynamic parameters, postvoid residual urinary volume (PVR), and symptom scores. All urodynamic parameters including maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), maximum detrusor pressure (P_{det max}), compliance, maximum urinary flow rate (Q_max) and symptom scores had improved significantly in two groups whether at 3 or 12 months. Moreover, the MCC was significantly increased after BATV than BH, at a mean [standard deviation (SD)] of 281.0 (25.7) vs. 213.5 (35.6) mL (P<0.001) at 12-month follow-up. The Q_max and the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) symptom score were still noted better in the BATV group at 3 months after surgery. Additionally, patients in both groups had similarly low rates of complications.ConclusionsBATV is superior to BH with increased bladder capacity and urodynamic outcomes, although showing equivalent in symptom relief and a similar rate of complications.