膀胱镜直视下耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘取石术治疗膀胱结石72例分析

目的探讨膀胱镜直视下耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘取石术治疗膀胱结石的方法及经验。方法在膀胱镜直视引导下,在耻骨联合上2 cm处作一1.0~2.0 cm小切口,使用腹腔镜10 mmTrocar行膀胱穿刺造瘘术,经Trocar置入胆囊结石取石钳或有齿抓钳,直视下钳夹结石,连同Trocar一并取出。结果 72例均一次取净结石,所有病例无手术并发症发生。结论膀胱镜直视下耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘取石术治疗膀胱结石微创、安全可靠、简单易行。     

超声引导下经皮耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术的应用

目的探讨超声引导下经皮耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术在复杂性病例中的应用。方法根据术前评估结果,将膀胱穿刺造瘘患者分为两组:低危组(A组,38例)和高危组(B组,30例)。B组病例包括肥胖、挛缩性小膀胱、既往盆腔手术病史及前列腺重度突入膀胱等情况。A组采用传统的盲穿法,B组采用超声引导下的Seldinger技术。比较两组手术时间、疼痛视觉模拟评分量表评分及手术并发症等指标。结果 A组平均手术时间[(7.5±1.4)min]显著短于B组[(13.0±3.0)min](P=0.000)。A组术后即刻疼痛评分(4.5±0.9)高于B组(4.0±0.9)(P=0.02);术后30 min疼痛评分(2.9±0.9)亦高于B组(1.7±0.7)(P=0.000)。两组患者术中及术后均无重大并发症发生,轻微并发症的发生率A组高于B组(21.1%vs.3.3%,P=0.000)。结论超声引导下经皮耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术穿刺准确率高且创伤小,为高风险患者提供了一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

膀胱穿刺造瘘术后并发症护理体会

膀胱穿刺造瘘术是泌尿外科治疗下尿路梗阻导致尿潴留的简便手术,但存在术后并发症。江苏省苏北人民医院泌尿外科2000~2005年共行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术256例,发生早期并发症14例,经过精心治疗及护理均无不良后果,现将膀胱穿刺造瘘术后并发症观察及护理体会报告如下。1临床资料膀胱穿刺造瘘术早期并发症患者14例,男10例,女4例,年龄39~81岁,平均68.5岁。并发症分别为:膀胱出血4例、尿液引流不畅或漏尿4例、穿破腹膜1例、术后膀胱痉挛和膀胱刺激症状5例。2护理2.1心理护理耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘患者因小便不能自解,出现并发症后心情紧张,恐惧感。作…     

超声引导下Seldinger法膀胱穿刺造瘘术治疗高危急性尿潴留患者疗效分析

耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术是泌尿外科治疗下尿路梗阻、神经性膀胱及缓解尿道损伤导致尿潴留的一种常用方法[1]。本组回顾分析我院超声引导下Seldinger法膀胱穿刺造瘘术治疗的23例高危急性尿潴留患者,现报道如下。资料与方法一、临床资料2009年7月至2011年7月常规导尿失败的患者23例,均为男性,年龄71～85岁,平均78.5岁,均合并心脑血管疾病,其中急性心肌梗死9例,脑梗死14例。所有患者均正在接受各种     

颅脑损伤患者膀胱造瘘管脱出的临床分析

<正>耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘是泌尿外科常用手术,是指因下尿道梗阻等原因由小腹部耻骨联合上缘穿刺进入膀胱,放置导管使尿液引流到体外的一种方法。分为暂时性和永久性两种[1]。神经外科重型颅脑损伤患者常因多种原因需要行耻骨上膀胱造瘘。我科在为重型颅脑损伤患者行耻骨上膀胱造瘘术护理过     

一种新的经皮膀胱穿刺造瘘方法的临床运用

目的 介绍一种简易安全的经皮膀胱穿刺造痿方法,并探讨其在临床中的运用.方法 采用微创经皮肾穿刺取石术之穿刺造瘘方法,在耻骨上经皮膀胱穿刺,使用筋膜扩张器扩张,置入鞘管即建立膀胱造瘘通道.结果 16例均成功,建立膀胱造瘘时间平均6 min.无肠管损伤以及大出血等并发症.结论 该经皮膀胱穿刺造瘘方法疗简单、安全、疗效满意,可作为经尿道手术的有益补充.     

超声引导下经皮穿刺胃肠造瘘术的临床价值

目的 探讨彩超引导下经皮穿刺胃肠造瘘的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析超声引导下经皮穿刺胃肠造瘘21例患者的临床资料.结果 在超声引导下经皮穿刺胃肠道造瘘术21例,均顺利置管,成功率100%,造瘘通畅,无出血、感染性腹膜炎及其它重要脏器损伤等并发症,无造瘘管滑脱.结论 超声引导下经皮穿刺胃肠造瘘术是一种创伤小、患者痛苦少、操作简单、成功率高、手术费用低的微创介人性超声手术,在临床上具有极大的应用价值.     

健康教育在耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术中的实施

2006年1月以来,我们对62例行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术患者实施健康教育,取得满意效果.现报告如下. 1 临床资料 本组62例,男58例,女4例;年龄24～86岁,平均55岁.前列腺增生伴心、肺、脑、糖尿病并发症34例,神经源性膀胱8例,晚期前列腺癌8例,尿道损伤导尿管插入失败7例,尿道外伤后狭窄5例.均行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术.     

健康教育在耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术中的实施

2006年1月以来,我们对62例行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术患者实施健康教育,取得满意效果。现报告如下。 1临床资料 本组62例,男58例,女4例;年龄24～86岁,平均55岁。前列腺增生伴心、肺、脑、糖尿病并发症34例,神经源性膀胱8例,晚期前列腺癌8例,尿道损伤导尿管插入失败7例,尿道外伤后狭窄5例。均行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术。     

改良膀胱造瘘术的临床应用

耻骨上膀胱造瘘术是泌尿外科常用的手术操作之一。传统开放性手术方式操作时间长、损伤大、恢复慢、较痛苦、伤口可能感染及裂开、愈合慢;膀胱穿刺造瘘术虽创伤小、操作简单,但需特殊手术器械。我院于1997年1月至2009年12月,采用改良膀胱造瘘术行膀胱造瘘126例,损伤小,不需缝针固定,引流效果理想,既快捷、安全,又无明显并发症现报告如下。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.