生存质量及其相关观念

本文介绍了生存质量的含义和主要内容,并对其相关概念作了详细的阐述,它们包括健康、健康状态、健康相关生存质量、功能状态、情绪、症状等.了解这些概念有助于加深我们对生存质量的理解,并更好地在临床工作中加以运用.     

住院精神分裂症患者生存质量及相关因素

目的探讨慢性精神分裂症患者的生存质量以及相关因素。方法采用简明曼彻斯特生存质量评定量表(MANSA)和阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)对150例住院精神分裂症患者进行评定。结果住院精神分裂症患者质量偏低。不满意的因子项目为经济状况和社会交往;基本满意的因子项目为法律与安全及健康状况。影响患者生存质量的主要因素为:经济状况、费用来源、饮食满意度、业余生活满意度、躯体状况满意度、心理健康满意度、阴性症状和自知力。而与年龄、性别、教育程度、病程、家族史等无关。结论该生存质量评定量表给患者、家属、医生、政府等提供了有价值的工具。     

外科领域的生存质量研究

外科领域生存质量研究对象已涉及外科大多数病种。测定时多将普适性量表和针对某一病种的特异性量表结合使用，采用自评量表法。对于术后生存质量下降期进行生存质量测定时，应注意测定时点的设定。     

Knowledge of stroke in rehabilitation and community samples

This study examined the stroke knowledge of 60 stroke rehabilitation patients, 46 spouses, 25 family members, and 103 people in the general community. Changes in stroke knowledge with time, and determinants of stroke knowledge, were also examined. Clinical participants were assessed on acute admission, admission to and discharge from rehabilitation, and 6 and 12 months after discharge. Community participants were assessed once. Instruments used were the Stroke Care Information Test, Australian ADL Index, Frenchay Activities Index, Illness Behaviour Questionnaire and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. The stroke knowledge of all participants, particularly patients, was poor, but improved with time. Better-informed patients were younger, had milder strokes, were less depressed, were less likely to develop abnormal illness behaviour, and made a better functional recovery than patients with poorer knowledge. Structured information programmes are needed for stroke patients and their families. Improved community awareness of stroke may help the prospects for recovery and quality of life for people who have strokes.     

精神疾病与生存质量研究

对精神病患者、家庭照料者生存质量研究的进展及选择生活质量评估工具的几点重要原则做以介绍。     

大学生生命质量调查

[目的]初步探讨大学生生命质量的差异。[方法]采用非等概率多阶段分层、整群抽样,对某大学1998级至2001级工、管、医专业全日制在册本、专科四个年级学生,无记名填写WHOQOL-100量表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、运用SPSS10.0 for windows统计软件进行统计学处理。[结果]回收合格问卷1171份,WHOQOL-100总生命质量及健康状况平均分(总分)为57.1.较一般正常人低,除环境领域外,5个领域均有显著差异,WHOQOL-100与SAS、SDS评分呈明显负相关。工、管、医专业学生间的总分无显著性差异,但生理领域医学专业较管理专止高。成人本科生总分低于普通大学生。不同年级大学生总分存在显著差异。生理领域评分男生高于女生,而在社会领域评分女生高于男生。[结论]大学生生命质量有待于针对其薄弱环节进行改善。     

临终关怀对社区居民临终患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨临终关怀对社区居民临终患者生活质量的影响。方法选取我社区2013年12月~2014年7月60例临终患者为观察组,对其实施临终关怀。选取我社区同期36例临终患者为对照组,行常规护理。比较两组睡眠情况、心理状态、自尊水平以及生活质量。结果 1个月后,观察组入睡时间较少,睡眠时间较长,焦虑、抑郁评分较低,自尊水平较高,疼痛程度评分较低,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。观察组生活质量评分高于对照组,有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论实施临终关怀能够改善临终患者的不良心理,提高患者临终期间的生活质量。     

生存质量在眼科疾病防治中的应用

新开发的生存质量量表包括了视功能和症状的现状及其对精神心理、视觉相关的日常生活和社会活动执行情况的影响及对本人生存质量的满意度项目，不仅满足了眼科疾病的特殊要求，还可应用于测量不同眼疾患者医疗干预效果的评价。     

Analysis of the Concept of Quality of Life

ABSTRACT. Nurses provide the constant human care that can make the difference between a life that is valuable to the last and a life that ends in humiliation, deprivation and suffering. Nurses, therefore, more than other health professionals, need a deep and reflective view of patients' value and quality of life. In this paper the concept of quality of life is analysed from a philosophical and scientific perspective. Quality of life in connection with treatment of a disease has its roots in the philosophical conception of the value of human life in general. Characteristics such as happiness, physical activity and interpersonal relations are what give life value and meaning. From the scientific viewpoint, it seems difficult to define the concept, given its multidimensional characteristics. However, the analysis indicates a growing interest among health-professionals to develop scientific intersubjectivity of the concept in terms of measurable parameters.     

'The real stuff': implications for nursing of assessing and measuring a terminally ill person's quality of life

Two quality of life (QoL) assessment and measurement tools, the Client Generated Index (CGI) and the McGill Quality of Life (MQOL) questionnaires, were trialled within district nursing palliative care to test usefulness and feasibility for holistic intervention selection, individualized palliative care planning, and measurement of the quality of dying. The specific focus of this paper is to discuss the less tangible outcomes of the trial, which illuminate the partly 'hidden' value and nature of clinical nursing. These outcomes include awareness that the use of such tools may: by actual administration of the tool be, in and of itself, a therapeutic nursing action; focus on 'the real stuff from the client's perspective, that which matters most to the terminally ill client, but may not be classically considered as prompting nursing intervention; and facilitate 'the real stuff' of nursing, perhaps known but not usually articulated by nurses, and which usually does not feature on care plans nor in time allocation schedules.     

Evolution of the caregiving experience in the initial 2 years following stroke

Relationships between stroke survivor and family caregiver factors and the caregiver's health-related quality of life (HRQL) and overall quality of life (QoL) were examined in 97 dyads during the first and second years after stroke. Compared to age- and sex-matched population norms, caregivers scored significantly lower on the mental subscales of HRQL, and differences were greater for women than for men. Caregiver characteristics (older age, less burden, and fewer physical symptoms) were associated with better HRQL (mental summary scale) in the first year, with similar findings in the second year. Moderate stroke survivor physical impairment and caregiver characteristics (younger age and better HRQL) were associated with better QoL in the first year. During the second year poorer caregiver physical and mental health and caring for a stroke survivor with communication difficulties were associated with diminished QoL.     

Impact of urinary incontinence on sexual quality of life in Portuguese adults

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a symptom of an underlying disorder with a high prevalence, constituting an important public health problem due to its physical, psychological and social consequences. The impact it has on the individuals' quality of life is revealed in their daily activities, self‐perception, socialization, emotional health and in their sexual life. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of incontinence on the sexual quality of life, identifying the role of the variables: gender, duration and severity of incontinence, impact of incontinence on the quality of life and type of incontinence. The sample was composed by 55 patients (54·05% male and 45·5% female) from health facilities, in Lisbon, with a mean age of 55 years, who answered a set of questionnaires, which included: the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ‐7); the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6); the Questionnaire on Sexual Quality of Life, male and female versions (SQoL‐F/SQoL‐M) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results indicate that UI has a negative impact on the sexual quality of life in general, especially if the incontinence symptoms endure for a long period of time; also the impact of UI on social relationships, and the stress UI has a significant and negative impact on the sexual quality of life. In this study, UI has a negative impact on sexual life compounded by restrictions and other negative consequences of living with urinary leakage. The authors conclude that further research is required to ascertain the full impact of UI on sexual quality of life. Finally, implications for nurses are also discussed: in addressing the sexual health of their patients, nurses have an important contribution in assuring that experiencing UI should not necessarily translate into negative sexual quality of life.     

海南琼海农村老年人生活质量调查

目的 了解海南农村老年人生活质量现状。方法 随机抽取中原镇60岁以上常住人口253人进行入户逐人调查。结果 96．0％的老年人具有日常生活活动能力（ADL量表评定）,77．5％的老年人具有独立生活能力（IADL量表评定）;健康自评,32．0％的老年人良好,50．8％中等,17．2％差;70．75％的老年人有慢性病史,居前5位的是白内障、高血压、慢性支气管炎、骨关节病、贫血;对医疗服务满意程度调查发现,满意占41．0％,一般占52．4％,不满意占6．6％;75．1％的老年人认为医疗费太贵;生活满意度综合评分发现良好者20．2％,中等占63．8％,差占16．0％。结论 农村老年人的卫生服务需求量较大,社区卫生服务应以老年人为重点对象,以慢性病为工作重点,坚持以预防为主、防治结合的方针。     

儿童生存质量量表的国内外研究现状

儿童生存质量量表是评价儿童生活质量的工具,起源于国外,其规范的引进和应用非常必要.本文介绍儿童生活质量量表起源与框架,总结国内外的研究现状,借鉴国外应用儿童生存质量量表的研究经验,为国内更好地评价儿童生存质量、提高儿童健康水平提供参考.     

潍坊市老年人生活满意度及影响因素的调查分析

[目的]了解老年人生活满意度及影响因素。[方法]采用老年人生活满意度量表(LSIA)以及自行设计的一般情况调查表,对潍坊市某社区98名老年人进行问卷调查。[结果]该社区老人生活满意度得分为27.92分±6.94分,逐步回归分析显示躯体健康状况、经济状况、家庭关系、精神状况、业余爱好、医疗费支付情况和社会支持对生活满意度的影响有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]潍坊市老年人生活满意度总体水平较高,影响老年人生活满意度的因素主要有躯体健康状况、经济状况、家庭关系、精神状况、业余爱好、医疗费支付情况和社会支持。应从影响老年人生活满意度的多个因素着手,有针对性地逐步提高老年人的生活满意度。     

世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表中文版介绍及其使用说明

本文介绍了世界卫生组织对与健康有关的生存质量的定义,世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表的发展,量表(WHOQOL-100和WHOQOL-BREF)的结构、内容和应用,并详细介绍了量表的使用方法.     

白内障患者的生活质量分析

目的探讨白内障患者生活质量情况,以期为提高患者的生活质量提供临床依据。方法便利抽样法选择2009年1月至2010年12月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院眼科住院治疗的白内障患者98例为研究对象。按其视力下降情况将其分为轻度视力下降组（n-27）、中度视力下降组（n-45）、重度视力下降组（n-26）,采用视功能损害眼病生活质量量表（the scale of quality of life for diseases with visualimpa irment,SQOL-DVI）对三组患者进行调查,并比较三组患者生活质量各项评分的差异。结果白内障患者生活质量总评分为（104．56±23．25）分,其中症状与视功能评分为（36．46±14．26）分、身体功能评分为（19．43±5．46）分、社会活动评分为（27．49土5．48）分、精神心理评分为（19．48土7．19）分,三组患者的生活质量总评分及各项指标上的评分差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0．05）。结论白内障患者的生活质量较低,护理人员要进行有针对性的护理,从而提高护理质量,以促进患者健康。     

194例脑血管病患者生命质量的研究

本文对上海市卢湾区吉安、顺昌两街道自然人群中194例脑血管病患者进行了5～8.5年的随访,结果表明:脑血管病患者的生命质量在发病时明显下降。随访期间平均下降了42.74%(P<0.01),年龄越大,下降越明显,且出血性脑血管病的下降大于缺血性脑血管病。发病后6个月基本稳定。     

A comparison study of quality of life in women with fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome

Purpose:?To compare the quality of life scores of fibromyalgia patients with myofascial pain syndrome patients.

Method:?Thirty-three fibromyalgia patients, 33 myofascial pain syndrome patients, and 33 age-matched controls completed Beck Depression Inventory and Short Form-36 questionnaires.

Results:?Compared with myofascial pain syndrome patients, fibromyalgia patients reported significantly more often fatigue, numbness, tingling, gastrointestinal discomfort, and poor sleep. The mean scores on VAS and on Beck Depression Inventory were significantly higher in fibromyalgia patients than myofascial pain syndrome patients. Patients with fibromyalgia had significantly poorer health than the patients with myofascial pain syndrome in pain, general health, vitality, and role emotional subscales.

Conclusions:?The quality of life profile of fibromyalgia patients is quite different from those in the myosfascial pain syndrome group. Myofascial pain syndrome impacted mostly on physical health whereas fibromyalgia impacted on both physical and mental health.