感染性心内膜炎67例分析

目的:探讨感染性心内膜炎(IE)的致病菌、临床特点.方法:回顾性分析67例IE的临床资料.结果:草绿色链球菌占36.8% ,金黄色葡萄球菌占31.6%.器质性心脏病59例占88.1%,其中风湿性心脏病22例(37.2%),包括人工瓣膜2例,先天性心脏病25例(42.3%).超声技术在心脏赘生物的检出率(83.5%)56例,阳性率远高于血培养.结论:随着抗生素的广泛使用和病原微生物的变化,IE的临床特征发生了显著变化,超声心动图检查和血培养有助于IE的诊断;基础心脏病是IE常见病因.     

802例感染性心内膜炎主要基础病因及病原学分析

目的:探讨感染性心内膜炎(IE)患者的主要基础病因及病原菌分布的特点。方法:针对中国医学科学院阜外医院2011年1月至2018年12月住院治疗的802例IE患者的基础病因和致病病原体进行回顾性分析,并分析IE患者的平均年龄、血培养和赘生物培养的阳性率及其变化趋势。结果:近8年IE患者平均年龄由2011年的40.3岁增至2018年的46.8岁,总平均年龄为42.8岁,男女患者比为3.18:1。其中,非风湿性心脏瓣膜病基础上发生的IE共410例(51.12%);在先天性心脏病基础上发生的IE共208例(25.94%);风湿性心脏瓣膜病基础上发生的IE共101例(12.59%);在心脏外科手术及介入治疗术后发生的IE共70例(8.73%)。802例IE患者共送检了535例血培养,阳性156例(29.16%);共送检576份瓣膜赘生物培养,102例(17.71%)培养阳性。156例IE患者血培养的主要分离菌为链球菌,共98例(62.82%);其次为葡萄球菌38例(24.36%)和肠球菌10例(6.41%)。IE患者瓣膜赘生物培养的主要分离菌为链球菌和葡萄球菌,分别有34例(33.33%)和33例(32.35%)。血培养中链球菌对青霉素的耐药率为3.10%,对万古霉素的耐药率为0%。结论:近8年IE患者的平均年龄增高。IE的基础心脏疾病中,风湿性心脏病减少,先天性心脏病相对增加,非风湿性心脏瓣膜病已成为IE最常见的基础心脏疾病。其主要病原菌仍以草绿色链球菌为主。     

44例感染性心内膜炎回顾性分析

目的　探讨感染性心内膜炎 (IE)的病因、致病微生物的变迁、手术时机的选择等因素。方法　对 1994年 9月至 2 0 0 1年 9月间住院的 4 4例IE患者进行分析。男 2 9例 ,女 12例 ,平均年龄 31岁 ,病因包括先天性心脏病、风湿性心脏瓣膜病、心脏病术后、瓣膜脱垂等。手术治疗 30例 ,手术指征主要为进行性慢性心力衰竭和超声心动图发现赘生物 ,绝大多数患者进行了瓣膜置换术。结果　分析显示 ,IE有逐年增加的趋势 ,呼吸道感染为主要的诱因 ,IE最常见的并发症是心力衰竭和脑血管意外。 77%患者分离出病原菌 ,其中组织培养阳性率明显高于血培养 (89%和 4 4 % ,P <0 0 5 )。最常见的致病菌为葡萄球菌 ,其次为草绿色链球菌和嗜麦芽假单胞菌。结论　对进行性心力衰竭 ,超声心动图发现赘生物 ,耐抗生素及持续性脓毒血症和非致命性栓塞的IE患者应尽早手术治疗 ,并应重视心脏手术患者组织的微生物检查和心脏病患者呼吸道感染的强化治疗     

感染性心内膜炎的临床特点分析（附104例报告）

目的 分析感染性心内膜炎(IE)的临床表现、基础心脏病因、致病微生物、受累瓣膜等临床特点以及治疗效果,提高IE的诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析1999-01-2008-12共104例经外科手术治疗的IE患者的临床资料.结果＞60岁者有13例(12.5%);发热89例(85.58%),贫血75例(72.12%),消瘦、乏力61例(58.63%),心脏杂音101例(97.12%);先天性心脏病45例(43.7%)、风湿性心脏病33例(31.73%),静脉药瘾者7例(6.73%);87例患者进行了血培养,阳性52例(59.77%),其中链球菌25例(48.08%),葡萄球菌17例(32.69%),真菌2例(3.85%);83例(79.81%)经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查发现赘生物,主动脉瓣36例(34.62%),二尖瓣17例(16.35%),三尖瓣11例(10.58%),联合瓣膜9例(8.65%).术后早期死亡4例(3.85%).随访89例(85.6%),随访时间1～112个月,无心内膜炎复发,心功能恢复至Ⅰ级66例(74.16%),Ⅱ级23例(25.84%).结论 IE的平均发病年龄有增大趋势;发热和心脏杂音是最常见的临床表现;风湿性心脏病和先天性心脏病是IE常见的基础心脏疾病,且先天性心脏病比例已超过风湿性心脏病;草绿色链球菌仍是IE最常见的致病菌;IE常累及主动脉瓣;IE的确诊主要依靠血培养和TTE检查;及时外科手术治疗,疗效确切.     

感染性心内膜炎应用人工瓣膜和自体瓣膜的病原菌及赘生物附着的临床分析

目的:研究感染性心内膜炎(IE)的临床特点及病原菌的变迁,比较人工瓣膜心内膜炎(PVE)及自体瓣膜心内膜炎(NVE)在致病微生物及赘生物附着部位方面的特点.方法:检索我院2003-05到2008-05符合Duke标准的266例住院治疗的IE患者,进行回顾性分析,并分为PVE(n=37)及NVE(n=229)两组进行比较.结果:91.4%(243/266)的IE患者存在基础心脏疾病,包括先天性心脏病101例,非风湿性瓣膜病77例,风湿性心脏病62例,肥厚型梗阻性心肌病3例.82.0%(218/266)发现赘生物,常见附着部位依次为主动脉瓣、二尖瓣、主动脉瓣合并二尖瓣.血培养阳性率49.5%(103/208).致病菌中革兰氏阴性杆菌及真菌呈增长趋势.PVE组常见致病菌依次为革兰氏阴性杆菌,葡萄球菌及真菌;NVE组为链球菌,葡萄球菌及革兰氏阴性杆菌.PVE组与NVE组相比赘生物检出率低(P<0.01),但血培养阳性率高(P<0.01).链球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌及革兰氏阴性杆菌,在两组培养致病菌间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).早期和晚期PVE细菌谱不同.PVE组的住院总病死率高于NVE组.结论:IE患者的疾病谱及致病菌与既往报道相比均有较明显改变,PVE与NVE常见致病菌及赘生物检出率不同,应及时行血培养及经食管超声心动图检查,根据药物敏感试验结果应用有效的抗生素,同时应积极预防医源性感染.     

感染性心内膜炎120例临床分析

目的 探讨感染性心内膜炎(IE)的基础病因、致病微牛物和临床特征,提高IE的诊治水平.方法 回顾件分析北京协和医院1997年10月-2007年9月确诊的120例IE患者的临床资料.结果 120例IE患者中,108例(90.0%)为自然瓣膜心内膜炎(NVE),12例(10.0%)为人工瓣膜心内膜炎(PVE);29例(24.2%)无基础心脏病变,79例(73.1%)NVE患者存在各种基础心脏病,其中先天性心血管畸形30例(38.0%),其次为特发性二尖瓣脱垂(23例,29.1%)和风湿性心脏病(11例,13.9%).临床主要表现为发热(100.0%)、贫血(65例,54.2%)和栓塞(58例,48.3%).有83例(69.2%)细菌培养阳性,其中43例(51.8%)致病菌为链球菌.结论 IE最常见的基础心脏病前3位是先天性心血管畸形、二尖瓣脱垂和风湿性心脏病.不明原因长期发热患者应想到心内膜炎?鬃 的町能,血培养和超声心动图检查有助于IE的诊断.     

超声心动图对感染性心内膜炎的诊断价值分析

目的分析超声心动图对感染性心内膜炎(IE)的诊断价值。方法选取内蒙古医科大学附属医院2015年3月—2016年3月收治的IE患者89例,均进行超声心动图检测,观察瓣膜受累情况、赘生物附着部位并测量其大小。结果血培养阳性患者30例(33.7%),其中革兰阴性杆菌9例,革兰阳性球菌21例。经超声心动图检查发现心脏瓣膜赘生物形成患者85例(95.5%),其中主动脉瓣30例、左房室瓣21例、主动脉瓣和左房室瓣13例、右房室瓣11例、肺动脉瓣10例;赘生物直径10 mm者45例、11~15 mm者33例、16~20 mm者5例、21 mm者2例。结论超声心动图检查能能快速发现并准确定位IE患者心脏瓣膜赘生物,诊断价值良好。     

无基础心脏病的感染性心内膜炎患者25例临床分析

目的分析近5年18岁以下无基础心脏病的感染性心内膜炎(infective endocarditis,IE)患者的临床症状、实验室检查、病原学检查、超声心动图特点、并发症、手术治疗效果及预后,总结此类IE的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析广东省人民医院2010年1月至2015年10月住院的18岁以下无基础心脏病或其他易感因素的25例IE患者的临床表现、手术疗效及预后。结果共收集到25例,占18岁以下IE患者的22.12%(25例/113例),男13例,女12例,年龄10个月~18岁(中位年龄16岁),患者主要临床表现有发热(22例,88%),心脏杂音(23例,92%)。25例患者超声心动图检查均发现左心系统心内膜赘生物(100%),其中2例还合并有三尖瓣赘生物形成。并发症以心力衰竭最多(17例,68%),其次为栓塞事件(6例,24%)、脾肿大(2例,8%)。致病菌以链球菌属为主,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌。24例在内科积极抗感染治疗同时行外科手术清除赘生物并修复瓣膜,治愈23例(95.8%),其中1例因重度左心衰、术后低心排血量综合征死亡(4.16%);另1例因病程过长,全身多器官栓塞、功能受损而丧失手术机会死亡。结论对于无基础性心脏病的IE患者,发病率占22.12%,多伴有左心系统赘生物形成,造成心力衰竭,加重病情,应引起高度重视。对于有适应证的IE患者,尤其有左心系统赘生物形成及心力衰竭患者,在积极内科抗感染治疗的同时,应尽早手术,可获得良好预后。     

感染性心内膜炎97例临床分析

目的 了解近年来感染性心内膜炎(IE)的临床特点变化.方法 回顾性分析华山医院近10年收治的97例IE患者的临床资料,包括发病年龄、易感因素、临床表现、血培养及超声心动图检查.计量数值如患者发病年龄等以算术平均数±标准差表示,病例阳性数以百分比表示,对比分析采用Fisher确切概率法.结果 97例IE患者平均年龄(49±17)岁,有基础心脏病73例,占75.3％;前三位是风湿性心脏病27例(27.8％)、先天性心脏病23例(23.7％)、特发性二尖瓣脱垂18例(18.6％).临床表现为发热96例(99.0％)、心脏杂音93例(95.9％)、贫血82例(84.5％).血液细菌培养阳性66例(68.0％),其中草绿色链球菌28株(42.4％),仍为主要致病菌,且全部发生于自然瓣膜心内膜炎患者中;葡萄球菌18株(27.3％),金黄色葡萄球菌10株(15.2％),有3株为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌8株(12.1％),有2株为耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS);鲍曼不动杆菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌等耐药性强的病原菌各1株.超声心动图赘生物检出79例,占81.4％,其中右心赘生物9例,病原主要为葡萄球菌.结论 IE患者临床表现、易感因素、致病菌发生了变化,多次血培养及超声心动图检查有助于诊断.     

41例感染性心内膜炎个案化处理

目的:报告41例感染性心内膜炎(infective endocarditis,IE)个案化处理的经验。方法:本组病例共41例,占同期住院患者(1682例)2.38%。其中男性33例、女性8例,病种分布为主动脉瓣病变7例(穿孔3例),二尖瓣病变6例,肺动脉病变2例,主动脉窦瘤2例,主动脉根部脓肿1例,先心病合并心内膜表面炎性病变者17例。心脏手术后8例。在所有针对IE手术治疗患者中,急性IE3例,亚急性IE5例,IE稳定期后遗症处理25例(术中发现IE病变7例)。血培养阳性9例,赘生物15例,脓肿2例,赘生物与脓肿培养阳性10例,菌种分布为金黄色葡萄球菌、真菌、草绿色链球菌及阴沟肠杆菌。继发IE病例中心脏手术后IE6例,原发IE32例术前均应用抗生素、改善心功能等处理,其中感染被控制或炎症静止期手术27例;急诊手术4例。结果:本组围术期死亡2例,均因严重心力衰竭难以纠治。远期再发急性IE瓣周漏自动出院1例。门诊检查及随访资料显示轻度主动脉瓣周漏和瓣膜反流各1例,无临床症状与血流动力学影响。随访患者中除1例心功能Ⅳ级外,心功能均恢复至I级。结论:抗生素应用和手术治疗的个案化处理,二者紧密结合是提高IE疗效的关键。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.