术前口服咪达唑仑对患儿七氟醚麻醉苏醒期躁动的影响

目的评价术前口服咪达唑仑对患儿七氟醚麻醉苏醒期躁动的影响。方法选择择期七氟醚麻醉下行扁桃体/腺样体切除术的患儿60例,男34例,女26例,年龄2~7岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,将入选患儿随机分为低剂量咪达唑仑组(M1组)、高剂量咪达唑仑组(M2组)和对照组(C组),每组20例。麻醉前30min分别给予M1组和M2组患儿分别口服咪达唑仑0.5 mg/kg和0.75 mg/kg,口服10%葡萄糖混合液5ml。吸入8%七氟醚行麻醉诱导,术中吸入七氟醚及静脉泵注瑞芬太尼维持麻醉。记录患儿分离焦虑量表(PSAS)评分、麻醉苏醒谵妄量表(PAED)评分和FLACC疼痛评分,并记录拔除气管导管时间和滞留PACU时间。结果 C组患儿的分离焦虑发生率明显高于其他两组(P0.05)。三组苏醒期躁动发生率、最高PAED评分、FLACC疼痛评分以及拔除气管导管时间差异均无统计学意义。M2组滞留PACU时间明显长于其他两组(P0.05)。结论术前口服咪达唑仑0.5mg/kg或0.75mg/kg能有效减轻患儿术前分离焦虑,但不能减少七氟醚麻醉苏醒期躁动的发生,咪达唑仑0.75mg/kg会延长PACU滞留时间。     

七氟醚吸入麻醉与丙泊酚复合七氟醚麻醉对血糖的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚吸入麻醉对血糖水平的影响.方法 30例全麻患者随机分成七氟醚吸人麻醉组(A组)和丙泊酚复合七氟醚麻醉组(B组),每组15例.观察术前以及手术2h时的血糖浓度.结果 A、B两组手术2h的血糖均比术前明显升高[(6.23±1.45)mmol/L vs.(4.86±0.85)mmol/L和(6.66±1.48)mmol/L vs.(5.11±0.43)mmol/L](P<0.05);但组间差异无统计学意义.结论 七氟醚吸人麻醉与内泊酚复合七氟醚麻醉均不能抑制应激性血糖升高.     

腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的比较

目的比较腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的情况。方法全麻下行开腹手术患者40例,随机分为2组（n=20）：七氟醚组（S组）及异氟醚组（Ⅰ组）。麻醉诱导后行气管插管,机械通气。诱导后吸入纯氧,氧流量2 L/min,30min后调整为1 L/min。手术开始前,调整吸入麻醉药的呼气末浓度为1.0 MAC。麻醉维持：吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,间断静脉注射罗库溴铵和芬太尼,维持血压和心率波动幅度不超过基础值30%。缝皮结束时,停止吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,纯氧流量调整为5 L/min。记录睁眼时间（停止吸入麻醉药到睁眼的时间）、拔除气管导管时间（停止吸入麻醉药到拔除气管导管的时间）、Aldrete评分达到9分时间（从停止吸入麻醉药计时）及麻醉后恢复室（PACU）停留时间。记录吸入麻醉药用量。结果与Ⅰ组比较,S组睁眼时间、拔除气管导管时间、Aldrete评分达到9分时间及PACU停留时间缩短（P〈0.05）,吸入麻醉药的总用量和单位时间用量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论与异氟醚比较,吸入七氟醚患者麻醉恢复较快,且麻醉恢复质量较好。     

芬太尼对七氟醚麻醉诱导的影响

研究了２０例择期手术病人单吸七氟醚或七氟醚复合静注芬太尼麻醉诱导对呼吸、循环，量化脑电，肌 电活动及插管反应的影响。结论静注芬太尼复合七氟醚吸入明显协同诱导效率，在临床上优于单吸七氟醚诱导。     

七氟醚和异氟醚吸入麻醉对压力反射敏感性比较的观察

临床观察发现七氟醚对病人血液动力学的影响与异氟醚相似 ,但七氟醚麻醉组病人的心率慢于异氟醚麻醉组。我们试验用升高和降低血压来干涉压力感受器 ,比较七氟醚 氧化亚氮和异氟醚 氧化亚氮全麻中手术患者压力感受器的功能 ,推测自主神经在两者心率变化差异中的作用。资料和方法选择 32例全麻手术病人 ,年龄 30～ 46岁 ,体重 45～ 6 7ｋｇ ,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,无高血压及其它心血管系统并发症。征得病人同意随机分为七氟醚组 (Ｓ组 16例 )和异氟醚组 (Ⅰ组 16例 )。全麻诱导用芬太尼 0 1ｍｇ、硫喷妥钠 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ、琥珀酰胆碱 1 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ …     

椎管内麻醉下咪达唑仑血浆浓度的测定及其靶控输注镇静时血药浓度的变化

本研究旨在探讨椎管内麻醉下测定咪达唑仑血浆浓度的适宜方法，并观察其靶控输注(TCI)^[1,2]用于术中镇静时血药浓度的变化。     

七氟醚吸入麻醉对乳腺癌根治术病人血浆儿茶酚胺的影响

目的观察七氟醚吸入麻醉对乳腺癌根治术病人血浆儿茶酚胺的影响。方法20例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期在全麻喉罩下实施乳腺癌根治术的病人随机均分为七氟醚吸入麻醉组(Ⅰ组)和静吸复合麻醉组(Ⅱ组)。记录麻醉前(T0)、插入喉罩前(T1)、插喉罩后1min(T2)、切皮时(T3)、拔喉罩后1min(T4)时SBP、DBP、HR变化,同时应用高效液相色谱分析法分别测定血浆肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)水平。结果Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组T1时SBP、DBP、HR显著低于或慢于T0时(P<0.05)。T3、T4时,Ⅱ组的SBP、DBP、HR显著高于或快于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组E、NE和DA水平在T1时均较T0时显著降低(P<0.05)。但Ⅱ组T3、T4时均较T0时显著升高(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组T2~T4时NE和T3、T4时E及DA水平显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论七氟醚吸入麻醉实施乳腺癌根治术BP、HR稳定,无明显应激反应。     

咪唑安定-芬太尼-异丙酚顺序静注诱导对患者镇静程度和麻醉深度的影响

目的 研究咪唑安定（Mid）-芬太尼（Fen）-异丙酚（Pro）顺序静注诱导对患者镇静程度、听觉诱发电位指数（AEPindex）、脑电双频谱指数（BIS）和血流动力学的影响。方法 40例（ASA　I-Ⅱ）听力正常患者,采用Mid-Fen-Pro顺序诱导,监测记录诱导前基础值（T0）、静注Mid 0.06mg/kg后1、3、5min（T1、T2、T3）、静注 Fen 4mg/kg后1、3、5min（T4、T5、T6）以及静注Pro后1、3min（T7、T8）等时点AEPindex、BIS、MAP和HR值,并同时行改良OAA/S镇静评级。结果 静注Mid后1～5min患者OAA/S评级迅速下降,37.5％患者意识消失;AEPindex、BIS、MAP值也逐渐下降（与T0相比,P<0.01）。静注Fen后MAP继续下降（T4～6与T0～3相比,P<0.05～0.01）,HR显著下降（T4～6与T3相比,P<0.01）;此期间患者OAA/S评级下降,但AEPindex、BIS无明显变化（T4～6与T3相比,P>0.05）。应用Pro后3min,所有患者OAA/S均降为0;AEPindex、BIS分别降至（28.97±11.03）,（50.38±11.89）,MAP也明显下降（T7、T8与T0～6相比,P<0.05～0.01）。结论Mid-Fen-Pro联合诱导能平稳地诱导麻醉,诱导期间AEPindex,BIS均能准确地反映临床镇静麻醉深度。     

七氟醚麻醉对犬肾脏血流的影响

选择８条杂种犬观察七氟醚麻醉的肾血流改变。静脉麻醉下完成外科准备。给犬吸入七氟醚。调整呼气末浓度依次为１％、２％、３％和４％，监测如下指标：肾血流、平均动脉压、心率、中心静脉压、心输出量和每搏量。与对照值比较。结果显示，随着麻醉的加深，ＲＢＦ、ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ、ＣＯ以剂量相关方式被抑制。呼气末浓度超过２％，ＭＡＰ降至９．３ｋＰａ，此时ＲＢＦ开始显著减少。停药后３０分钟，ＲＢＦ尚未能随血流动力学的改善而     

小波指数用于腰-硬联合麻醉下右美托咪定镇静深度监测的有效性

目的评价小波指数(Wavelet index,WLi)监测腰-硬联合麻醉下右美托咪定镇静深度的有效性。方法选取择期在腰-硬联合麻醉下行下肢骨科手术的患者60例,男42例,女18例,年龄18～60岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。术中使用BIS和WLi监测右美托咪定的镇静深度。选择L_(2-3)或L_(3-4)行腰-硬联合麻醉,将麻醉平面固定在T_(10)—S_5。平面固定后开始静脉输注右美托咪定,先给予负荷剂量0.75μg/kg,10min恒速输注完,之后给予维持剂量0.5μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),直至手术结束前约15min停药。记录麻醉平面固定后输注右美托咪定前BIS、WLi、警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S评分)作为基础值。从输注右美托咪定开始直至输注结束,每5分钟记录一次BIS、WLi值,每次记录完成后即刻评估OAA/S评分。结果BIS、WLi均与OAA/S评分呈正相关,且具有较好的相关性。BIS与OAA/S评分的相关系数是0.871,WLi与OAA/S评分的相关系数是0.839。WLi与BIS的相关系数为0.783(P0.05)。BIS、WLi对OAA/S评分的预测概率Pk值分别为0.874和0.857,均大于0.5(P 0.05)。OAA/S评分≤2分时,BIS的最佳截断值为56.5,敏感度是97.8%,特异度是89.2%。WLi的最佳截断值为55.8,敏感度是95.6%,特异度是85%。结论WLi能准确地监测腰硬联合麻醉下右美托咪定的镇静深度,其准确性和BIS相当。     

Perioperative management for nephrectomy using combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with sedation in a patient with cerebral palsy under maintenance hemodialysis

A 43-year-old man (166 cm, 53.5 kg) with cerebral palsy on maintenance hemodialysis underwent a right nephrectomy for gross hematuria under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) with sedation. The patient suffered from hemiplegia, speech disturbance and low intelligence (approximately 6 years and 8 months). Following premedication with midazolam 4 mg, he was calm and cooperative. An analgesic level below T 10 was obtained by spinal (L 4-5) anesthesia using plain 0.5% bupivacaine 4 ml. Further cephalad spread (below T 3) was secured by bolus (7 ml) and continuous (8.5 ml.h-1) administration of 2% mepivacaine for thoracic epidural (T 10-11) anesthesia. Intravenous sedation (midazolam 0.08 mg.kg-1.h-1 and pentazocine 0.24 mg.kg-1.h-1) with 2 l.min-1 oxygen via nasal cannula was given during surgery. The operation and anesthesia times were 216 min and 330 min, respectively. Intraoperative bleeding was 1,158 g and the extracted kidney weighted 2,333 g. Following a prompt recovery with exclamation at the end of surgery, a bolus dose of epidural buprenorphine 0.2 mg combined with droperidol 2.5 mg was administered. Three hours after surgery, sleep was induced by brotizolam 0.25 mg orally. We accomplished a giant nephrectomy under CSEA with sedation in a patient with cerebral palsy receiving hemodialysis. Sufficient premedication using midazolam was profitable for CSEA in mental-retarded patient.     

Differing incidences of relevant hypotension with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and spinal anesthesia

In this investigation we assessed whether patients receiving spinal anesthesia (SPA) as part of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSE) more often experience relevant hypotension than patients receiving SPA alone. From January 1, 1997, until August 5, 2000, electronic anesthesia records from 1596 patients having received SPA and 1023 patients having received CSE for elective surgery were collected by using a computerized anesthesia record-keeping system. Relevant hypotension was defined as a decrease of mean arterial blood pressure of more than 30% within a 10-min interval and a therapeutic action of the attending anesthesiologist within 20 min after onset. Electronic patient charts were reviewed by using logistic regression with a forward stepwise algorithm to identify independent risk factors that were associated with an increased incidence of hypotension after CSE. Univariate analysis was performed to assess differences in biometric data and relevant risk factors for hypotension between the two procedures. The incidence of relevant hypotension was more frequent with CSE than with SPA alone (10.9% versus 5.0%; P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, arterial hypertension (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.78) and sensory block height >T6 (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.88-4.22) were found to be factors associated with hypotension in the CSE group. Compared with patients receiving SPA alone, patients undergoing CSE had a significantly more frequent prevalence of arterial hypertension and higher sensory block levels (P < 0.01) despite smaller amounts of local anesthetics. In this study, patients receiving CSE had an increased risk for relevant hypotension as compared with patients with SPA alone. Part of this effect seems to be due to the procedure alone and not only because this population is at higher risk. IMPLICATIONS: This study, based on a large number of patients with a retrospective design by using on-line recorded data, suggests that spinal anesthesia as part of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia may more often lead to relevant hypotension than spinal anesthesia alone. Preexisting arterial hypertension and a sensory block height exceeding T6 are major risk factors for the development of this complication.     

罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉在分娩镇痛中的临床应用

目的 观察罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼腰麻顿膜外联合阻滞麻醉(combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,CSEA)用于分娩镇痛的临床效果. 方法 选择来我院分娩的初产妇120例,使用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和镇痛组,每组60例.对照组采用常规产科护理及处理的自然分娩方式,镇痛组在对照组护理、处理的基础上,采用CSEA分娩镇痛的方式.对两组产妇的镇痛效果、产程时间、产后出血量、分娩方式及新生儿Apgar评分进行对比观察,观察镇痛组的副作用. 结果 两组产妇镇痛前宫缩时视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);镇痛后镇痛组第一、第二、第三产程宫缩时的VAS评分均低于对照组(P＜0.05);镇痛组第一产程时间(194±40) min短于对照组(350±74) min(P＜0.05);镇痛组产妇剖宫产率(3.3％)低于对照组(15.0％)(P＜0.05);两组产妇产后出血量及新生儿出生后1、5、10 min时Apgar评分的比较,差异无统计学意义;镇痛组有6例产妇出现恶心,余未发现明显副作用. 结论 罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼CSEA用于分娩镇痛能减轻产妇在分娩过程中的疼痛,缩短第一产程,降低剖宫产率,且对新生儿无损害,值得临床上广泛应用.     

腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉对老年患者血液动力学的影响

目的 观察腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉对老年患者血液动力学的影响.方法 选择60例65岁及以上ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,择期行单侧下肢全膝关节置换术的患者,随机分成腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉组和连续硬膜外麻醉组,每组30例.记录患者一般情况,手术时间,术中出血量,液体输入量.观察腰麻或硬膜外给药前、给药后15 min和术毕时的MAP及HR.记录感觉阻滞平面和改良Bromage运动分级.观察需要给与麻黄碱或阿托品的病例数,以及出现止血带疼痛的人数.结果 2组患者一般情况、手术时间、术中出血量、液体输入量无差异,感觉阻滞平面无明显差异,运动阻滞程度有显著差异.各个时间点的MAP及HR无显著性差异.2组给予麻黄碱和阿托品的例数无显著性差异.2组出现止血带疼痛的例数相比有显著行差异.结论 对行全膝关节置换术的老年患者实施腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉,引起的血液动力学改变与硬膜外麻醉相比无明显差异,且患者止血带反应较轻.