自主研制镍钛记忆合金左心耳封堵器封闭左心耳对实验动物左心功能的影响

目的:应用经胸彩色多普勒超声技术评价自主研制的镍钛记忆合金左心耳封堵器封闭左心耳对实验动物猪左心房、左心室功能的影响。方法:实验于2005-09/2006-08在南京医科大学第一附属医院江苏省实验动物中心完成。①实验分组:选用苏钟小型种猪17只,随机分为实验组12只和对照组5只。②实验干预:实验组12只苏钟小型种猪使用自主研制的左心耳封堵器(发明专利号码:200610037789.3,公开号CN1799521,由镍钛合金骨架、多聚四氟乙烯膜和传送连接部分等构成。其外观呈单盘状,封堵器的左心房面呈圆盘状,直接连接放入心耳内的圆柱体结构)行左心耳封堵,对照组5只手术步骤相同而不采用封堵器行左心耳封堵。③实验评估:两组动物分别于术前、术后1周、2周、4周采用经胸超声心动图检查观察心功能的改变,测量左心房内径、最大及最小容积、左房射血分数、左心房搏出量、血流分数等左房功能参数以及左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率、Tei指数、E/A比值等指标。结果:①实验动物数量分析:在施行左心耳封堵后,1头猪于术中出血过多并出现室颤后死亡,1头猪因封堵器脱入左房,卡在二尖瓣口导致死亡。其余动物封堵效果良好。②两组动物术后1,2,4周左房功能指标各参数与术前比较无明显变化(P>0.05);与术前相比,实验组术后1周、2周左室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率、E/A比值分别由术前的0.70±0.04、0.39±0.03、1.33±0.28降低至术后1周的0.59±0.05、0.31±0.03、0.95±0.11(P<均0.01)及术后2周的0.62±0.05、0.33±0.05、0.90±0.05(P<均0.01);Tei指数由术前的0.48±0.02增加至术后1周的0.59±0.03(P<0.01)及术后2周的0.58±0.04(P<0.01)。对照组手术前后左室功能指标差异无显著性。结论:自主研制左心耳封堵器可以有效的封堵左心耳;左心耳封堵后短期内对实验动物左房功能无明显影响;封堵后短期内对左心室功能具有短期的减弱,更长期的安全性有待于进一步研究。     

经皮左心耳封堵的研究进展

心房颤动（房颤）在人群中的发病率逐年升高,成为临床中最常见的心律失常之一。脑栓塞是房颤最主要的并发症。抗凝治疗仍然是预防房颤脑卒中的主要手段,但无论是华法林还是新型抗凝药都有一定的局限性,存在相关的风险及禁忌,且依从性差。鉴于非瓣膜病性房颤患者90%以上的血栓来源于左心耳（LAA),故对于一些栓塞风险高的房颤患者,经皮左心耳封堵术已成为长期华法林替代治疗以降低新发脑卒中风险的另一选择。     

左心耳封堵术的围手术期护理

目的总结6例左心耳封堵术围手术期的护理经验。方法对6例行左心耳封堵术的患者就护理工作方面进行回顾及分析,主要包括心理护理、术前护理、术中护理、术后护理。结果6例患者手术均成功,无严重并发症。结论有针对性地做好患者围术期的护理,能确保手术质量及有效预防术后并发症的发生。     

应用Watchman封堵系统行左心耳封堵术47例的术后护理

总结47例心房颤动患者应用Watchman封堵系统行左心耳封堵术的术后护理。护理重点为加强生命体征的监测,做好有创呼吸机的管理,同时观察切口变化,及时发现及处理并发症,重视药物及饮食护理,加强健康教育。47例患者手术顺利,术后及时发现1例穿刺部位血肿、1例脑血管意外、5例少量心包积液,经对症处理,症状缓解,47例患者住院6~9 d,康复出院。     

左心耳3D模型体外动态流体中模拟左心耳封堵的应用价值

目的:通过将左心耳3D模型置于体外动态流体中模拟左心耳封堵操作,评估术前模拟操作的准确性及应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月至2016年12月于武汉大学人民医院接受经导管左心耳封堵术的21例心房颤动患者的术前二维及三维经食管超声心动图(two/three-dimensional transesophagel echocardiography,2D/3D-TEE)图像,3D打印获取三种材料的左心耳模型,即硅胶-水凝胶左心耳模型、硅胶左心耳模型、Tangoplus左心耳模型,进行仿真度评估后置于体外动态流体系统中,模拟封堵操作并预测封堵器型号,分析其与术中最终使用的封堵器固定盘的相关性。根据21例患者术中2D/3D-TEE监测结果,获取封堵器压缩比,观察封堵器残余漏。再次将21例患者的左心耳模型置于体外动态流体中,使用与术中相同型号的封堵器模拟封堵操作,测量封堵器压缩比,观察封堵器残余漏,并与术中测值进行对比及相关性分析。结果:硅胶-水凝胶左心耳模型仿真度评分高于硅胶左心耳模型及Tangoplus左心耳模型。基于硅胶-水凝胶左心耳模型中封堵器固定盘内径与术中使用的封堵器固定盘内径相关性(r=0.937,P<0.001)优于硅胶左心耳模型(r=0.918,P<0.001)及Tangoplus左心耳模型(r=0.895,P<0.001)。使用与术中相同型号的封堵器,硅胶-水凝胶左心耳模型中封堵器压缩比与术中封堵器压缩比差异无统计学意义(P=0.908)。21例患者术中实际观察到7例封堵器残余漏,而硅胶-水凝胶左心耳模型中观察到4例,硅胶左心耳模型及Tangoplus左心耳模型中均观察到5例。结论:基于硅胶-水凝胶左心耳模型建立左心耳封堵术前模拟系统有助于经皮左心耳封堵术前决策,模拟演练和术后效果评估。     

7例房颤患者左心耳封堵术的护理

总结了7例房颤患者左心耳封堵术的护理体会,主要包括心理护理、术前护理、术后护理及出院指导与随访等。认为提供优质的护理服务,不仅可以帮助患者解除思想顾虑,使患者主动配合手术治疗,还能有效预防术后并发症,达到早日康复的目的。     

147例心房颤动患者行经皮左心耳封堵术的护理

总结了147例行左心耳封堵术患者的护理经验。主要包括心理护理、术前护理、术后护理及并发症的观察处理等。认为术后密切观察病情变、掌握术后并发症的预防和处理、做好出院指导是促进患者康复的关键。     

经食管超声心动图评价左心耳形态 在左心耳介入封堵中的价值

经皮左心耳封堵术作为一种新的技术已真正成为介入心脏病学治疗的新领域,而经食管超声心动图在经导管左心耳封堵术前筛选患者、选择合适的封堵器型号等方面均发挥很重要的作用。由于左心耳内壁较薄,血管丰富,因此在封堵术前应用影像学技术准确评估左心耳形态特征,对减少封堵器释放回收次数、缩短手术时间,有效避免组织损伤及减少术后并发症有重要意义。本文就经食管超声心动图评价左心耳形态在经皮左心耳封堵术中的价值做一综述。     

我院完成首例一站式房颤房扑射频消融术+左心耳封堵(国产LAmbre封堵器)

9月15日,来自香港嘉诺撒医院亚洲心脏病中心的林逸贤教授来我院指导,在林逸贤教授的指导下,我院心脏中心心内一科、心脏超声科与麻醉科通力合作完成我院首例一站式房颤房扑射频消融术+左心耳封堵(国产LAmbre封堵器)与一例极大左心耳的封堵术。     

体外电复律治疗房颤对植入左心耳封堵器患者的影响

目的：探讨植入左心耳封堵器的房颤患者接受体外电复律治疗的可行性和安全性。方法：选取2016年5月至2019年12月北京医院收治的经皮成功植入左心耳封堵器患者51例，其中接受体外电复律治疗7例（13.7%），观察电复律对装置的影响及相关不良事件。结果：51例患者中，接受电复律治疗的7例（13.7%）患者未发生封堵器移位或脱落，围手术期未发生严重不良事件。结论：植入左心耳封堵器的房颤患者接受体外电复律治疗是安全、可行的。     

Antithrombotic therapy after left atrial appendage closure

It is important to prevent on-device thrombus formation without increasing the risk for bleeding complications after successful interventional left atrial appendage closure. Therefore, choosing the optimal antithrombotic therapy poses a challenging task. While major clinical studies investigated patients eligible for oral anticoagulation using vitamin K antagonists, the vast majority of implants in ‘real life’ are performed in patients with contraindications to oral anticoagulation after serious bleeding events. In this patient population, strategies using dual antiplatelet therapy were found to be a sound alternative; however, the optimal duration of antithrombotic therapy remains unclear. Future studies will have to investigate the role of direct anticoagulants for post-implant thrombus formation and address the question of whether left atrial appendage closure obviates the need for long-term aspirin therapy.     

Cardiac CT Angiography (CCTA) predicts left atrial appendage occluder device size and procedure outcome

Aim

To investigate the role of cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) in predicting optimal left atrial appendage (LAA) occluder size and procedure outcome.

Methods and results

Thirty-six patients underwent pre-procedural CCTA. CCTA and TEE LAA orifice diameters and perimeters were compared with the implanted device size. CCTA 3D configuration was correlated with procedure outcome. Watchman? device (N?=?18): diameters were 21?±?4, 26?±?5 and 25?±?3 mm for TEE, CCTA and inserted device, respectively. Average perimeters were 61?±?10, 74?±?8 and 78?±?11 mm for TEE, CCTA and inserted device, respectively. Better agreement with the device size was found for CCTA compared to TEE (Bland–Altman). ACP? device (N?=?15): diameters were 20?±?5, 25?±?4 and 23?±?4 for TEE, CCTA and inserted device, respectively. Average perimeters were 58?±?11, 72?±?15 and 72?±?13 mm for TEE, CCTA and inserted device, respectively. Excellent correlation and agreement with the device size was found for CCTA compared to TEE. CCTA perimeter >100 mm and “cactus” 3D configuration had a specificity of 96 and 81% respectively for procedure failure.

Conclusions

CCTA LAA ostial perimeter predicted better the optimal occluder size as compared with the currently used LAA TEE diameter. Moreover, CCTA 3D data may help in predicting potential complications.

     

Antithrombotic strategies after interventional left atrial appendage closure: an update

Introduction: Interventional left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as a valid alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy for the prevention of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF).

Areas covered: Antithrombotic therapy following interventional LAAO is critical in balancing the risk of thromboembolism and bleeding during the endothelialization of the implanted devices. In this article, the most recent clinical trials are reviewed and the current real-world antithrombotic strategies following LAAO device implantation are discussed.

Expert commentary: For patients eligible for OAC and receiving a Watchman device, the most solid scientific evidence exists for warfarin plus aspirin for 45 days followed by dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for 6 months and a lifelong aspirin therapy. In real-world most patients are being treated with DAPT for 3–6 months. Alternatively, the Watchman was approved for 3 months of novel OAC (NOAC) therapy in conjunction with aspirin. For all other devices, DAPT for 1–6 months has been used in the vast majority of cases. Considering major bleeding as the predominant complication following LAAO, evidence suggests that short-term DAPT (6 weeks) or single antiplatelet therapy using aspirin may be a viable option.