鄂州市2012-2014年食源性致病菌的污染状况

目的了解鄂州市食源性致病菌污染情况以及高危食品种类,为食源性疾病的预防提供依据。方法依据GB4789和《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》规定方法进行检验和评价。结果 464份样品共检出致病菌106株,检出率为22.84%,其中各菌检出率分别为蜡样芽孢杆菌13.82%、金黄色葡萄球菌11.08%、单核细胞增生李斯特菌10.84%、阪崎肠杆菌2.33%、沙门氏菌1.51%。结论该市食品中存在食源性致病菌的污染,以肉及肉制品,地方性食品,餐饮食品中的致病菌污染率相对较高,其中金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单增李斯特菌是污染食品的主要致病菌。     

2010-2012年邵阳市食源性致病菌污染状况监测分析

目的了解主要食源性致病菌在食品中的污染状况,确定高危食品,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法按照《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》检测技术要求,2010-2012年在邵阳市5个监测点共采集食品样品827份,对沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、空肠弯曲菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7等10种菌的污染情况进行监测。结果 827份样品中,共检出食源性致病菌146株,总检出率为17.65%。2010-2012年不同年份致病菌样品检出率分别为22.81%(65/285)、16.44%(37/225)、13.88%(44/317)。不同种类食品中动物性水产品致病菌的检出率为53.13%,生禽肉为44.00%。对农贸市场、超市、餐饮店3种不同消费场所样品检测,其中餐饮店食源性致病菌检出率为29.87%。结论邵阳市食品食源性致病菌的污染广泛,水产品、生禽肉类是主要污染品种,3种不同消费场所以餐饮店检出率较高,在食源性疾病中存在较高感染的风险。     

2012—2016年无锡市食源性致病菌监测结果

目的了解2012—2016年无锡市食品中主要食源性致病菌的污染情况。方法按照《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》,在全市各监测点采集14大类食品,开展副溶血性弧菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、阪崎肠杆菌、霍乱弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌等16种食源性致病菌的监测。结果 2012—2016年共监测14大类样品1 129件,检出食源性致病菌阳性样品158件,总检出率为13.99%。检出率最高的食源性致病菌是副溶血性弧菌(22.54%),其他依次是蜡样芽孢杆菌(16.67%)、阪崎肠杆菌(5.38%)、霍乱弧菌(2.60%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(2.23%)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(1.08%)。食源性致病菌检出率,不同样品中以水产品最高(30.53%),不同采样地点中以农贸市场检出率最高(27.74%);散装样品检出率(17.28%)高于定型包装样品(6.43%)(P<0.05)。结论无锡市部分市售食品中存在食源性致病菌污染,应继续加强主动监测,为实现高危食品的识别和危险性评估提供科学依据。     

贵阳市2015年食品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的:了解贵阳市食品中食源性致病菌的污染情况,为食品安全监管和科学评估食品安全风险提供依据。方法:在贵阳市各区采集9类270份食品,按照国家风险监测手册进行7种食源性致病菌检测。结果:9类270份食品样品中共检出4类20株食源性致病菌,总检出率为7.41%,检出致病菌的食品是肉与肉制品、流动早餐、焙烤食品、蛋与蛋制品,其中肉与肉制品检出率最高,为26%;检出的致病菌有蜡样芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、沙门氏菌,其中蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率最高,为20%。结论:2015年贵阳市食品中存在一定的食源性致病菌污染,肉与肉制品、流动早餐应作为重点监管食品,蜡样芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌应作为重点监测致病菌。     

重庆市永川区生肉及生食肉类产品中食源性致病菌的检测结果与分析

目的：了解重庆市永川区生肉及生食肉类产品中食源性致病菌污染状况,为进一步加强食品安全和预防控制食源性疾的发生提供依据。方法按照GB4789－2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验》和《食源性致病菌监测工作手册》分别检测沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌。结果50份样品中有10份样品检出致病菌,总检出率为20.00%。共检出致病菌11株,检出率22.00%。结论重庆市永川区生肉及生食肉类产品中存在食源性致病菌污染,有关部门应加强监管,以保证肉类食品安全。     

2014年广安市食源性致病菌污染状况调查分析

目的了解广安市食源性致病菌污染状况,为本地区食品安全风险评估和预防食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法依据国家标准GB 4789—2010《食品卫生微生物学检验》及《2014年国家食源性致病菌监测工作手册》对全市5个区县7类食品共352份样品进行沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌检测。结果从352份样品中共检出36株食源性致病菌,总检出率为10.23%,其中单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出率最高,为5.40%,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌(3.41%)、沙门菌(1.42%)。7类食品中病原菌检出率最高的是生肉制品,为31.67%,其次是凉拌菜(10.91%)、熟肉制品(10.00%)、糕点(8.00%)、皮蛋(3.33%)。结论 2014年广安市食品存在食源性致病菌污染,其中生肉制品、熟肉制品、凉拌菜、糕点制品、皮蛋是主要污染食品品种。主要病原菌为单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌。     

江苏省757份学生餐中食源性致病菌污染状况调查

摘要:目的　通过对江苏省幼儿园和大、中、小学校统一供应的早餐和午餐中食源性致病菌的调查分析,了解学生餐安全状况,发现食品安全隐患。方法　2014年在江苏省6个省辖市采集757份学校早餐和午餐样品,按照国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册方法对其中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌进行检测。结果　757份学生餐样品中中沙门氏菌检出率0.5%,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率1.2%,蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率3.7%,未检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌。乳与乳制品、米面食品、盒饭中食源性致病菌污染率相对较高,分别为8.3%、5.8%、6.6%。学生餐样品中食源性致病菌检出率夏天显著高于冬天。结论　江苏省市学生餐中存在不同程度食源性致病菌污染,应加强卫生监管,防止学生食物中毒的发生。     

辽宁省2010-2011年食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的了解辽宁省食品中致病菌污染状况,对食源性致病菌监测结果分析,为有效防治食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法 2010-2011年采集辽宁省14个市的10大类食品(熟肉、蛋制品、速冻米面制品等)共2 668件食品样品,按照"食源性致病菌监测工作手册"标准操作程序,对样品沙门菌、单增李斯特氏菌、大肠埃希氏O157:H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌等致病菌进行检测。结果 10大类食品共2668件样品中的检出5种致病菌132株,总检出率1.84%。其中,海产品副溶血弧菌污染严重,部分地区检出率最高达35%。结论辽宁主要食品均受到食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,要注意加强即食性食品的致病菌污染监测,防止食物中毒的爆发流行。     

2011-2012年大连市食源性致病菌污染状况调查

目的了解大连市食品中食源性致病菌污染状况,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法选取本市有代表性的农贸市场、食品超市、宾馆酒店及个体摊贩随机采集9个种类食品,按照《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》的标准操作程序,对样品的沙门菌、志贺菌、单核细胞!生李斯特菌、大肠埃希菌O157∶H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌进行检测。结果检测熟肉制品、速冻熟制米面制品、生食动物性水产品、婴幼儿配方食品、焙烤食品、果蔬类、凉拌菜、即食非发酵豆制品和米线凉皮盒饭类9类食品共508份,样品中检出5种致病菌共37株,总检出率为7.3%。其中金黄色葡萄球菌15株,副溶血弧菌16株,蜡样芽孢杆菌2株,单!李斯特菌1株,沙门菌3株。9类食品中致病菌检出率最高的是生食动物性水产品10.5%,其次为米饭凉皮盒饭类10.0%。结论大连市居民主要消费食品中存在食源性致病菌污染。其中生食动物性水产品、米线凉皮盒饭类、熟肉制品、速冻熟制米面制品是主要受污染的食品,副溶血性弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是大连市食源性疾病发生的危险因素。     

2011—2013年北流市常见食品食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的了解广西北流市常见食品中食源性致病菌的污染水平和趋势,掌握和分析北流市食品安全状况,及时发现食品安全隐患,为食品安全监管部门采取有力监管措施提供科学依据。方法按照国家食品安全风险评估中心下发的2011-2013年《食源性致病菌监测工作手册》和2011-2013年《广西食品安全风险监测方案》的要求抽检北流市8类食品样品,进行沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌0157：H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、阪崎肠杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌7种常见目标致病菌检测。结果8类食品共345份样品检出沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌4种致病菌共19株,总检出率为5．51％,阪崎肠杆菌、大肠杆菌O157：H7和志贺氏菌未检出。其中,熟制米面制品的致病菌检出率为13．24％,受蜡样芽胞杆菌污染最严重。熟肉制品检出单核细胞增生李斯特菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。结论北流市常见食品中存在一定食源性致病菌污染,熟制米面和熟肉制品风险较大,应进一步加强监测和食品安全监管。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.