轮状病毒胃肠炎患儿与非感染性腹泻患儿血清微量元素水平变化对照研究

目的通过对轮状病毒胃肠炎患儿及非感染性腹泻患儿锌、铁、铜、钙、镁及铅等微量元素水平的对照研究,了解轮状病毒感染对人体微量元素的变化的影响。方法随机选取47名轮状病毒肠炎的患儿及56名非感染性腹泻的患儿分别测定研究对象的锌、铁、铜、钙、镁及铅等微量元素水平。结果轮状病毒胃肠炎患儿的锌、钙、镁这三种微量元素水平均低于非感染性腹泻患儿,轮状病毒患儿血铅水平则高于非感染性腹泻患儿,差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）,而铜、铁元素含量无显著性差异（p>0.05）结论：轮状病毒肠炎患儿比非感染性腹泻患儿更易于发生微量元素失衡,在轮状病毒肠炎的患儿的治疗过程中应该加强血清微量元素水平的监测。     

轮状病毒肠炎患儿血清微量元素变化及与病情的关系研究

目的:了解轮状病毒肠炎患儿锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、锰、铅等微量元素状况。方法:随机选取173名轮状病毒肠炎患儿纳入研究,同时选择同期保健门诊健康儿童作为正常对照组,分别测定研究对象血清锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、锰、铅等的水平。结果:轮状病毒肠炎组患儿血清锌、铁、铜、钙、镁以及锰的水平显著低于正常对照组患儿(P<0.05),但是血清铅水平则无明显组间差异(P>0.05)。轮状病毒肠炎患儿血清锌、铁以及钙的水平与Vesikari病情评分呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而铜、镁、锰和铅水平则与病情评分无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论:轮状病毒肠炎患儿可能存在常见微量元素代谢的改变,临床工作中需要对该类患儿进行微量元素监测。     

婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎与血微量元素的关系

目的:探讨婴幼儿感染轮状病毒性肠炎时血微量元素的变化及意义。方法:随机选择60例确诊为轮状病毒性肠炎的患儿作为观察组,对照组为70例健康儿童,年龄均≤2岁。检测其铜、锌、钙、镁、铁、铅的水平。结果:观察组患儿血锌水平明显低于正常对照组儿童,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论 :RV肠炎患儿血锌水平明显下降,可能与感染轮状病毒有关。     

轮状病毒肠炎微量元素水平的变化及其意义

目的：探讨7种微量元素在轮状病毒肠炎发病中的意义。方法：随机选择59例确诊为轮状病毒肠炎的患儿，检测其血清锌、铁、铜、钙、锰、铅、镁等7种微量元素水平。结果：与参考值均值相比较，除锌外，铁、锰、铅水平显著升高，而铜、钙、镁水平则明显降低；与参考值上、下限相比较，锌、铅、钙、镁4种元素以降低为主，低于下限的例数分别占总例数的10．2％、10．2％、30．5％、74．6％，而铁、锰则以增高为主，高于上限的例数分别占总例数的16．9％、25．4％，铅则全部在正常范围之内。结论：多种微量元素水平异常可能与轮状病毒肠炎的发病有关。     

探讨机体微量元素变化对抽动障碍患儿的影响

目的分析微量元素变化对抽动障碍患儿的影响。方法于本院门诊收集280例抽动障碍患儿作为实验组,同期选择280例健康儿童作为对照组,均抽取静脉血测微量元素水平,比较两组儿童微量元素结果有无差异。实验组根据症状轻重分为5组,分析5组患儿之间的微量元素结果有无差异。结果实验组血清中铅水平较对照组高,血锌和铁的水平较对照组低,经比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组血清中铜、镁、钙水平与对照组相比没有显著性差异,无统计学意义(P0.05)。血清中铅、锌、铁水平在轻微抽动障碍组、轻度抽动障碍组、中度抽动障碍组、明显抽动障碍组、严重抽动障碍组间有显著性差异,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);铜、镁、钙在5组之间没有显著性差异,无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论儿童抽动障碍与微量元素水平有一定的相关性,故儿童应远离铅暴露,及时补充微量元素,预防抽动障碍的发生。     

肾病综合征患儿血清微量元素检测分析

目的 观察肾病综合征患儿血清微量元素钙、锌、铜、镁、铁含量.方法 用原子吸收光谱仪检测26例肾病综合征患儿血清钙、锌、铜、镁、铁含量.结果 肾病综合征患儿血清钙、锌、铜、铁含量均降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0 05),血清镁含量两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 血清钙、锌、铜、铁含量的变化与肾病综合征有关.     

南昌地区儿童矿物质含量检测分析

[目的]分析南昌地区6月～6岁健康儿童未稍血锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、铅的含量,为本地区评价儿童微量元素结果提供可靠依据。[方法]用Mp-2型电位溶出分析仪测定1645例健康儿童血中锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、铅的含量。[结果]比较不同性别健康儿童6种微量元素的含量统计学上无差异(P﹥0.05);不同年龄之间锌、铁、镁、铜、铅5种微量元素差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),钙差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]通过对1645例健康儿童按性别、年龄分组统计得出6种微量元素的含量,可作为评价本地区儿童微量元素的缺乏或过高的依据。     

儿童抽动症与微量元素水平的关系研究

目的 探讨儿童抽动症(TD)与患儿体内铜、锌、铁、钙、镁、铅6种微量元素水平的关系,分析TD的危险因素,以期对今后的临床诊断和治疗提供参考资料.方法 选取2013年1月至2015年1月于保定市儿童医院就诊的196例抽动症患儿作为观察组,随机选取于本院门诊体检的健康儿童200例作为对照组.采用原子吸收分光光度仪,测量两组儿童体内铜、锌、铁、钙、镁5种微量元素水平及铅水平.运用病例对照法进行Logistic二元回归逐步分析TD与上述微量元素关系.结果 TD患儿体内的锌、铁水平均较正常儿童低(t值分别为7.711、2.691,均P<0.05),而铅水平明显比正常儿童高(t=3.596,P<0.05).不同性别的TD患儿锌、铁、铅水平之间的差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.911、0.891、0.896,均P>0.05),经Logistic逐步回归分析可知,锌、铁、铅水平是TD发病的相关危险因素(OR值分别为3.012、2.947、5.834,均P<0.05).微量元素铜、钙、镁在正常体检儿童体内的水平与TD患儿体内水平均无显著差异(t值分别为1.894、1.605、0.121,均P>0.05).结论 TD患儿体内锌、铁的水平低于正常儿童,而铅的水平高于正常儿童,提示儿童体内的微量元素失衡是抽动症发生的危险因素.     

台州市0～3岁儿童血铅及微量元素检测结果浅析

目的:了解台州市城乡0～3岁儿童血铅及其他微量元素的水平,并探讨其相互之间的关系。方法:采用博晖原子吸收光谱仪,用原子吸收法测定1 122例0～3岁儿童的全血铅、锌、铁、钙、铜、镁的含量。结果:各年龄组血镁、铜、铁元素含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血锌、血铅含量随年龄增长有逐渐升高的趋势,各年龄组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);血钙含量随年龄增长有下降的趋势,各年龄组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。铅中毒儿童的锌、铁、钙、铜值均低于非铅中毒儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:充分认识血铅及微量元素的作用,及时纠正微量元素缺乏,积极预防和及时治疗铅中毒,以确保儿童的健康成长。     

连云港地区孕妇静脉血常见微量元素水平分析

目的掌握连云港地区孕妇铜、锌、钙、镁、铁和铅元素含量水平和缺乏情况,为改善孕妇在不同孕周的营养状况提供依据。方法选取2016—2017年12月在连云港市妇幼保健院就诊的孕妇2 831例,按孕周分为3个组,采用原子吸光光度法检测铜、锌、钙、镁、铁和铅6种微量元素含量,同时对各元素缺乏率以及地区差异进行分析。结果铁含量随孕周的增长呈下降的趋势(r=-0.19,P0.05);铜、锌、钙和镁的含量在早孕组和其他组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),铁含量在3个组中差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);铁、锌、钙的缺乏率在各个组中都比较高,总体缺乏率分别为13.07%、14.19%和18.76%,铅的超标率为0.04%;不同地区锌、钙和铁的缺乏率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论连云港地区孕妇钙、铁、锌元素在各个孕周均存在一定程度的缺乏,中孕期时钙缺乏率最高,铁和锌在晚孕期的缺乏率最高。在此基础上,合理地补充微量元素,保证孕妇的健康和胎儿的良好发育。     

Nutrient intake of children with intractable epilepsy compared with healthy children

Growth retardation is common among children with epilepsy, and poor dietary intake may be one of the causes. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to compare the nutrient intake of children 1 to 8 years of age with intractable epilepsy to healthy children of the same age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2002 (N=1,718) and with the Dietary Reference Intakes. Children with intractable epilepsy were divided into two age groups: 1.0 to 3.9 and 4.0 to 8.9 years, to correspond with the Dietary Reference Intakes. Forty-three children with intractable epilepsy, mean age=4.7+/-2.2 years, had significantly lower intakes (P<0.05) of total energy; protein; carbohydrate; fat; dietary fiber; vitamins A, E, B-6, and B-12; riboflavin; niacin; folate; calcium; phosphorus; magnesium; zinc; copper; and selenium compared with healthy children. Thirty percent or more of the children with intractable epilepsy in both age groups had intakes below the Recommended Dietary Allowance or Adequate Intake for vitamins D, E, and K; folate; calcium; linoleic acid; and alpha-linolenic acid. Health care professionals caring for children with intractable epilepsy should be aware of this pattern of decreased nutrient intake and educate families to provide an adequate diet and/or consider vitamin/mineral supplementation.     

To children with love

People debating population growth in India and why adults in India choose to bear so many children seem to either not understand or overlook that people in India like children; the more the better. Indeed, children interest every Indian, with new mothers receiving advice on baby care from all quarters. The child is king in India, spoiled, but generally well-behaved. It could be that children receive so much attention from many loving relatives that they do not need to act out in order to get attention. Having a child is the focus and meaning of married life. Without a child, life loses its color and joy. Moreover, childless couples face the insecurity of not having children to care for them once they grow old. The author notes her failure to observe children who were poorly adjusted and sad because they habitually shared a bed with their parents. As concerned individuals ponder the perils of global population growth, they might consider the merit of the Indian view on the subject.     

Talking with children.

Talking with children is an enjoyable but often challenging aspect of a doctor's work. It is a two-way process, with verbal and non-verbal communication being equally important. Patience, humour and imagination are major assets.     

Trace element status of children with PKU and normal children

The trace mineral (chromium, copper, iron, selenium, and zinc) status of 10 children (4 to 13.8 years) with phenylketonuria (PKU) and 9 normal children (6.5 to 15.9 years) was assessed. The children with PKU were treated with a phenylalanine-free L-amino acid mix that supplied the following percentages (mean +/- standard deviation) of total daily intake: energy, 45 +/- 13; protein, 75 +/- 11; copper (Cu), 62 +/- 10; iron (Fe), 82 +/- 7; selenium (Se), 40 +/- 20; and zinc (Zn) 87 +/- 8. Diet records and blood samples were collected from each subject. Children with PKU had significantly greater mean intakes of Cu, Fe, and Zn than normal children. Mean serum Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations of the children with PKU and normal children were not different despite significantly greater intakes by the children with PKU. Normal children had a significantly greater mean serum Se concentration and a mean blood chromium concentration 1.6 times that of children with PKU. Individuals whose primary source of protein is an elemental diet are especially at risk for multiple trace mineral deficiencies. Manufacturers of chemically defined medical foods should evaluate composition, specifically molar ratios between minerals, as a basis for product formulation.     

非倒退型与倒退型孤独症儿童临床特征比较分析

【目的】比较非倒退型与倒退型孤独症儿童临床症状及发展特点。【方法】对1999~2006年在北京星星雨教育研究所接受教育的275名孤独症学生进行儿童期孤独症评定量表(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,CARS)、克氏行为量表(Clancy Behavior Scale,CABS)测量。【结果】非倒退型孤独症患儿中,高龄组比低龄组语言能力明显改善,但感觉、行为问题增加;倒退型孤独症患儿中,高龄组仅突出表现为人际关系异常程度增加。倒退型孤独症患儿症状比非倒退型严重,低龄组表现为社会交往方面问题较大,高龄组除了交往问题,还有模仿能力更加异常和反抗学习。【结论】倒退型与非倒退型孤独症儿童临床特征、发展模式有所不同;应提高倒退型孤独症患儿的模仿和学习能力。     

Vaccinations in children with cancer

Children with cancer may be immunocompromised as a result of their primary underlying disease and/or the use of prolonged and intensive chemotherapy administered with or without irradiation. The damage to the immune system varies with the age of the patient, the type of cancer, and the intensity of the chemotherapy used to treat it. This review analyses the data regarding the immunogenicity, efficacy, safety and tolerability of the vaccines usually recommended in the first years of life in order to help pediatricians choose the best immunisation programme against vaccine-preventable disease in children with cancer receiving standard-dose chemotherapy. Areas for future research are highlighted because new data are required to be able to draw up evidence-based recommendations that will ensure adequate protection against infectious diseases in such high-risk children.