马鞍山地区糖尿病患者合并甲状腺疾病的调查

调查2009年10月至2011年6月于十七冶医院就诊的423例糖尿病患者的甲状腺功能,其中299例患者作了甲状腺超声检查。结果 (1)糖尿病患者合并甲状腺疾病的患病率为43.27%,其中甲状腺功能减退者占26.36%(临床甲减8.55%,亚临床甲减18.11%),甲状腺功能亢进者16.91%(临床甲亢10.61%,亚临床甲亢6.30%),低T3综合征者6.11%。(2)糖尿病患者中甲状腺疾病患病率女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病与甲状腺疾病均是常见的内分泌代谢性疾病,二者并存并非少见,有时症状叠加互相影响,甲状腺疾病可加速糖尿病的进程,促进某些慢性并发症的发生;对于糖尿病合并甲状腺疾病患者应两病兼治。     

2型糖尿病患者中甲状腺疾病的研究

横断面调查江苏地区416例T2DM患者的甲功,部分患者甲状腺检查B型超声。结果（1）糖尿病合并甲病患病率为27．40％,女性多于男性（P〈0．05）,其中亚甲减患病率12．02％,明显高于其它甲病,包括临床甲功亢进（甲亢）4．33％,临床甲减4．33％,亚甲亢2．16％。（2）T2DM随年龄增加,甲病患病率增加（P〈0．05）,其中甲亢随之降低,甲减、亚甲减随之增加。亚甲亢的变化无统计学意义;随糖尿病病程的增加,甲亢患病率降低（P〈0．05）,亚甲减患病率增加（P〈0．01）,甲减、亚甲亢的改变无统计学意义。结论T2DM合并甲状腺疾病较常见。     

1255例住院2型糖尿病患者甲状腺疾病患病率分析

目的探讨北京丰台地区住院2型糖尿病患者中甲状腺疾病的流行现状。方法回顾性分析2005年6月～2010年6月我院内分泌科住院治疗的1255例2型糖尿病患者的甲状腺功能状况。结果（1）2型糖尿病患者合并甲状腺疾病的患病率为11．00％,甲状腺功能减退与甲状腺功能亢进的患病率比较差异无统计学意义;（2）2型糖尿病患者中,女性甲状腺疾病患病率为15．32％,男性甲状腺疾病患病率为7．42％,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;（3）2型糖尿病患者中,甲状腺功能减退的患病率随年龄的增加而增加（P〈0．05）,亚临床甲状腺功能减退的患病率随病程的增加而增加（P〈0．05）。结论2型糖尿病患者合并甲状腺疾病患病率高,建议对女性2型糖尿病患者及男性患者中年龄超过60岁或病程大于10年者进行常规甲状腺功能检查。     

2型糖尿病合并甲状腺功能异常的临床分析

目的 探讨T2DM合并甲状腺疾病的患病情况及临床特点. 方法 回顾性分析420例住院T2DM患者甲状腺功能相关指标及临床资料. 结果 （1）T2DM患者甲状腺疾病患病率16.67％;甲状腺功能异常患病率15.71％.甲状腺功能异常患病率甲亢组3.57％,甲减组8.10％,低T3综合征组4.05％.甲减组中,亚临床甲减甲状腺功能异常患病率（4.52％）最高,女性甲状腺疾病及甲状腺功能异常的患病率均高于男性（P＜0.05）.（2）与T2DM组相比,T2DM合并甲状腺疾病组病程及胰岛素泵治疗时间增加,C-P120min水平降低;两组UAlb 30～299 mg/24 h差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.（3）甲亢组DPN患病率最高,低T3组年龄最大,且合并冠心病史发生率最高（P＜0.05）. 结论 T2DM合并甲状腺疾病患病率较高,甲状腺功能异常表现形式多样,对T2DM患者进行早期甲状腺功能的筛查具有临床意义.     

2型糖尿病与亚临床甲减发生率关系调查分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病与亚临床甲减发生率的关系。方法选择该院于2012年2月—2013年5月收治的208例2型糖尿病住院患者为病例组,100名血糖正常的健康体检者为对照组,检测病例组及对照组的甲状腺功能并进行分析。结果100例门诊体检非糖尿病患者甲状腺异常发生率11%,208例2型糖尿病患者中甲状腺异常者80例,发生率为38.5%,明显高于正常对照组(P0.05)。其中临床甲亢、亚临床甲亢、临床甲减、亚临床甲减的患病率分别为4.3%(9/208)、10.6%(22/208)、6.3%(13/208)和17.3%(36/208);甲状腺功能减退者23.5%明显高于甲状腺功能亢进者14.8%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),尤其以亚甲减多17.3%;且女性26.0%明显高于男性12.5%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与甲状腺功能正常的糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者中甲减或亚甲减患者年龄、糖尿病病程比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病合并亚甲减较为常见,受患者患者年龄和糖尿病病程影响,加强对糖尿病患者中亚甲减的筛查和早期诊治具有重要的临床意义。     

太原地区健康体检人群甲状腺功能紊乱患病情况调查

目的　调查太原地区人群中甲状腺功能紊乱的患病率。方法　测定太原地区 812 5名体检人群的TSH ,然后再测定FT3、FT4 和甲状腺抗体。结果　在此体检人群中 ,甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢 )患病率为 1.2 0 % ,亚临床甲亢患病率为 0 .87% ,甲状腺功能减退 (甲减 )患病率为 1.0 3 % ,亚临床甲减患病率为 0 .95 %。各种甲状腺功能紊乱的患病率女性均高于男性 (P <0 .0 5～ <0 .0 1)。结论　报道太原地区人群中甲状腺功能紊乱的患病率 ,无论是甲亢和亚临床甲亢或甲减和亚临床甲减 ,女性的患病率均高于男性     

重视老年人甲状腺疾病的诊治

人口老龄化是全球共同面对的社会问题,在中国,由于计划生育政策的影响,这一问题更加突出。总体上,随着年龄增长,大部分内分泌和代谢性疾病的患病率逐渐增长,这也显著影响了老年人的健康,加重了全社会的照护负担。老年人甲状腺疾病患病率也显著高于普通成人,包括甲状腺功能异常、甲状腺结节与肿瘤。2006年,笔者对南京、徐州、镇江、无锡、淮安市区以及南京高淳县6个地区,当地20~85岁常住居民进行调查[1-2],诊断标准参照普通成人促甲状腺素(TSH)参考范围,结果发现,随着年龄增长,临床和亚临床甲状腺功能减退(甲减)的患病率显著增加,≥60岁人群的亚临床甲减患病率显著高于<60岁普通成人(8.7%比4.9%),女性更高(10.9%),但甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)、亚临床甲亢患病率有轻微降低(老年组和非老年组差异无统计学意义)。     

230例住院2型糖尿病患者甲状腺功能分析

目的调查陕西凤翔地区住院2型糖尿病患者甲状腺疾病的患病情况。方法回顾性分析2013年4月—2015年3月在陕西省凤翔县医院内五科住院治疗的230例2型糖尿病患者的甲状腺功能。结果 230例2型糖尿病患者中甲状腺疾病的患病率为28.70%,其中甲亢2.17%,亚临床甲亢0.43%,甲减5.22%,亚临床甲减20.87%。145例检测甲状腺抗体的2型糖尿病患者中,甲状腺抗体(TPOAb或TgAb)阳性率为12.41%。女性2型糖尿病患者甲状腺疾病患病率、亚临床甲减患病率及甲状腺抗体阳性率明显高于男性(P0.05)。随着年龄增长,2型糖尿病患者中亚临床甲减患病率呈升高趋势(P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者甲状腺疾病的患病率高,对于2型糖尿病患者积极检测甲状腺功能很有必要。     

2008年浙江省舟山市海岛地区甲状腺疾病流行病学调查

目的 调查浙江省舟山市海岛地区食用非加碘盐的居民患甲状腺疾病状况及致甲状腺疾病的相关影响因素.方法 2008年在浙江省舟山市岱山县对737名食用非加碘盐的居民进行流行病学问卷调查、甲状腺B超检查、甲状腺功能及尿碘测定;同时抽查了183名8～10岁儿童(均为食用非加碘盐居民的子女)的尿碘.结果 舟山市岱山县食用非加碘盐的居民尿碘中位数(MUI)为122.2 μg/L,8～10岁儿童MUI为123.7μg/L;甲状腺肿、甲状腺癌、甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)、亚临床甲状腺功能亢进(简称亚临床甲亢)和亚临床甲状腺功能减退(简称亚临床甲减)的患病率分别为39.9%、0.4%、0.4%、0.7%和0.8%.logistic回归分析显示,甲状腺肿患病率无性别差异(P>0.05),而年龄是甲状腺肿发生的危险因素(P<0.05);甲状腺肿、甲亢患病情况与饮食史、吸烟史、饮酒史、饮茶史、尿碘水平均无明显相关关系(P均>0.05).结论 舟山市海岛地区食用非碘盐居民碘摄入适量,但甲状腺肿和甲亢患病率较高.     

老年甲状腺功能紊乱的临床管理

<正>随着全球人口老龄化的加剧,多种老年慢性疾病的患病率急剧增加,其中最常见的是甲状腺疾病。在65岁以上老年人中,甲状腺功能紊乱的发生率高达25%^[1]。我国65岁以上老年人中,临床甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)和亚临床甲亢的患病率分别为0.52%和0.73%;临床甲状腺功能减低(简称甲减)和亚临床甲减的患病率分别为2.09%和19.87%^[2]。大量证据表明,甲状腺功能异常与心血管死亡、痴呆和骨折等不良结局有关^[3-4]。     

Screening for thyroid dysfunction in a community population of diabetic patients

In a general practice population of 11 300 patients, 223 were known to have diabetes mellitus. Thirteen diabetic patients (5.8 %) had a previous diagnosis of thyroid disease. The study excluded 17 patients who received sole diabetes care at a secondary referral centre (of whom 5 had a previous diagnosis of thyroid disease), 8 with a previous diagnosis of thyroid disease receiving community care, and 1 patient who declined screening. New thyroid disease was diagnosed in 11 patients (8 female, 3 male): 5 with primary hypothyroidism, 4 with subclinical hypothyroidism, 1 with hyperthyroidism and 1 with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Thus the prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid disease in diabetic patients receiving community diabetes care was 5.5 % (9.5 % of female patients), and the prevalence of thyroid disease (previusly known and diagnosed as a result of screening) in the entire population of diabetic patients registered in the general practice was 10.8 %. These findings suggest that screening for thyroid disease should be considered in patients receiving diabetes care in the community. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Frequency of Thyroid Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients: Value of Annual Screening

A randomly selected group of 1310 adult diabetic patients attending a diabetic outpatient clinic received annual screening for thyroid disease, by estimating serum free thyroxine and TSH concentrations. The overall prevalence of thyroid disease was found to be 13.4%, and was highest (31.4%) in Type 1 diabetic females, and lowest in Type 2 diabetic males (6.9%). As a direct result of screening, new thyroid disease was diagnosed in 6.8% (89 patients) of the population screened; the commonest diagnosis was subclinical hypothyroidism (4.8%), followed by hypothyroidism (0.9%), hyperthyroidism 0.5%), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (0.5%). Female patients with Type 1 diabetes had the highest annual risk of developing thyroid disease (12.3%), but all patient groups had a higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction, compared to that reported in the general population. This study suggests that thyroid function should be screened annually in diabetic patients to detect asymptomatic thyroid dysfunction which is increased in frequency in a diabetic population.     

Subclinical hyperthyroidism in patients with type 2 diabetes

Both subclinical hyperthyroidism and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease risk and mortality. We aimed to assess the prevalence of newly diagnosed subclinical hyperthyroidism in a cohort of patients with T2D, and also to analyse the relationships between diabetes-related characteristics and the presence of subclinical hyperthyroidism. 933 diabetic patients without previous history of thyroid disease (45.4% females, mean age 66.3 years, median duration of diabetes 10 years) were evaluated. A sample of 911 non-diabetic subjects without known thyroid dysfunction was studied as control group. Serum concentrations of thyrotropin were measured in all subjects. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was present in 4.3% of female and 3.5% of male diabetic patients. Relative risk was significant only for the female gender (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.56-8.71). In comparison with diabetic patients without thyroid hyperfunction, patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism were older, had longer duration of diabetes, showed lower fasting glucose levels, had greater proportion of goitre and diet therapy, and had lower proportion of treatment with oral agents. Logistic regression analysis showed that age and the presence of goitre were significantly related to subclinical hyperthyroidism in patients with T2D. The risk for subclinical hyperthyroidism is increased in women with T2D. Advanced age and the presence of goitre are significantly and independently related with the presence of subclinical hyperthyroidism in diabetic population.     

No association between HIV disease and its treatment and thyroid function

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were (i) to investigate the prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid disease in HIV-positive patients in a London teaching hospital; (ii) to determine risk factors associated with the development of thyroid dysfunction, including highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and individual antivirals, and (iii) to determine the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction longitudinally over 3 years. METHODS: The study consisted of retrospective analyses of thyroid function tests (TFT) in HIV-positive patients. The period prevalence of and factors associated with clinical and subclinical thyroid dysfunction were investigated. Patients with normal TFT but previous thyroid disease were identified from pharmacy records and included in the overt category. RESULTS: A total of 1565 patients (73% of the clinic population) had at least one TFT taken since 2001. Overall, 3584 samples were analysed. Of the patients included in the study, 1233 (79%) were male, 1043 (66%) were white and 365 (23%) were black African, and in 969 (62%) the main risk for HIV was homosexual sex. Median age at baseline was 37 years. Nine hundred patients (58%) were on HAART at the start of the study. Thirty-nine (2.5%) were found to have overt hypothyroidism, and eight (<1%) had overt hyperthyroidism. Sixty-one (4%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, five (<1%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 263 (17%) had a nonthyroidal illness. A normal TFT was obtained for 1118 patients (75.5%). Multivariate analysis suggested that no independent variables were significantly associated with overt hypothyroidism, including HAART and stavudine use specifically. Repeated measurements over 3 years were available for 825 patients and only eight new cases (1%) of overt thyroid disease occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overt thyroid disease was low in this cohort, suggesting that screening is not warranted.     

High prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism in patients with psoriatic arthritis

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in a group of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: A complete thyroid investigation was carried out in 80 patients with PsA, in gender- and age-matched subjects (1:5) drawn from the general population (controls), and in 112 patients with rheumatoid arthrtitis (RA) with similar iodine intake. RESULTS: Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (AbTPO), a hypoechoic thyroid, and subclinical hypothyroidism were significantly more frequent in women with PsA than in control women, and their frequency was similar to that in patients with RA (positive AbTPO titer 28%, 12%, and 31%; hypoechoic thyroid 31%, 16%, and 36%; subclinical hypothyroidism 25%, 8%, and 12%, respectively). Among men, positive AbTPO titers and a hypoechoic thyroid were found more frequently in the patients with PsA and RA than in controls (positive AbTPO titer 14%, 5%, and 2%; hypoechoic thyroid 16%, 10%, and 3%, respectively). All patients with PsA with subclinical hypothyroidism had polyarticular involvement (p 相似文献   

The spectrum of thyroid disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus

To study the spectrum of thyroid disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hundred SLE patients as per American Rheumatology Association(ARA) classification criteria underwent clinical examination, including assessment of disease activity (SLEDAI) and laboratory evaluation for serum triiodothyronine (T3),free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody and antithyroglobulin (TG) antibody. Hundred age- and sex-matched apparently healthy individuals served as control. Thirty-six (36%) lupus patients had thyroid dysfunction when compared to 8 (8%) of controls and all of them were women. Primary hypothyroidism was the commonest dysfunction in 14 (14%), while subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism was seen in 12 (12%) and 2 (2%), respectively. Eight (8%) had isolated low T3 consistent with sick euthyroid syndrome. Eighteen (50%) of thyroid dysfunction were autoimmune in nature (autoantibody positive) and rest 18 (50%) were non-autoimmune. Euthyroid state with the elevation of antibodies alone was seen in 12 (12%) of the lupus patients. In contrast, only 5 (5%) of controls had primary hypothyroidism and 3 (3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, while none had hyperthyroidism. SLEDAI score and disease duration were compared between lupus patients with thyroid dysfunction to those with normal thyroid function. A statistically significant association was found between SLEDAI and thyroid dysfunction of sick euthyroid type.SLE disease duration had no statistically significant association with thyroid dysfunction. Prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in lupus patients was 30% when compared to 10% of controls. Ninety-six (96%) of the SLE patients were ANA positive, while 4 (4%) of them were ANA negative but were anti-Sm antibody positive. There were no suggestions of any other autoimmune endocrine diseases like diabetes or Addison’s disease (clinically and on baseline investigations) in our lupus cohort and hence no further work up was done for these diseases. Thyroid disorders are frequent in SLE and are multifactorial with a definite higher prevalence of hypothyroidism as well as thyroid autoantibodies.     

Low incidence rate of overt hypothyroidism compared with hyperthyroidism in an area with moderately low iodine intake.

In areas with relatively high iodine intake, the incidence rate of hypothyroidism is several-fold higher than that of hyperthyroidism. Recently, we found a similarly high prevalence rate of subclinical hypothyroidism compared with hyperthyroidism in a high iodine intake area, while a relatively low prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was observed in a low iodine intake area. In the present study we compared the incidence rate (newly diagnosed in primary care and at hospital) of overt hypothyroidism with that of hyperthyroidism in a well-defined geographical area in Jutland, Denmark, with an iodine intake around 60 microg/day. The number of personsxyears studied was 569,108. Data on hyperthyroidism have been published previously. The overall incidence of hypothyroidism was 13.5/100,000 per year (F/M 22.9/3.6), hyperthyroidism 38.7/100.000 per year (F/M 63.0/13.0). The incidence of hypothyroidism was steadily increasing with age up to 80/100,000 per year in subjects older than 70 years of age, but apart from congenital hypothyroidism it was lower than that of hyperthyroidism at all ages. The majority of patients (79%) was diagnosed to have spontaneous autoimmune hypothyroidism (16% with goiter, 84% with no thyroid visible or palpable). In conclusion, in an area with moderately low iodine intake, hypothyroidism was considerably less common than hyperthyroidism. This is in contrast to findings in high iodine intake areas. The iodine intake of an area seems to be of major importance for the pattern of thyroid disorders observed.     

The clinical features of diabetes with coexisting autoimmune thyroid disease

Summary A study was made of the clinical features of diabetics with coexisting Graves' disease (n=117) or primary hypothyroidism (n=98). Those with Graves' disease developed thyroid dysfunction and diabetes at an earlier age than patients with primary hypothyroidism. There was, however, no difference between the two groups in respect of sex ratio nor proportion of subjects requiring insulin treatment. In contrast to the general diabetic population, 87% of diabetics with thyroid disease were female, 56% required insulin treatment and of patients requiring insulin from diagnosis, the median age at diagnosis of diabetes was 36 years. A strong correlation was observed between age at diagnosis of diabetes and that of hyperthyroidism (r=0.71, p< 0.001) or hypothyroidism (r=0.65, p<0.001). With increasing age at diagnosis of diabetes the interval between diagnosis of diabetes and thyroid disease diminished. The mean ± SEM interval between diagnosis of diabetes and that of thyroid dysfunction was longer in hypothyroid (6.7±1.2 years) than in hyperthyroid diabetics (-2.4 ±1.2 years). Neither insulin-dependent nor non-insulin dependent diabetics with associated thyroid disease exhibited a significant seasonal variation in diagnosis or symptomatic onset of diabetes. It is conceivable that where diabetes accompanies autoimmune thyroid disease in the same patient, both conditions may share a common and coincident pathogenesis which is unrelated to acute environmental influences.