自体板层角膜转位联合层间烧灼及羊膜移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的 探讨自体板层角膜转位联合层间烧灼及羊膜移植术在大泡性角膜病变治疗中的临床效果.方法 选取大泡性角膜病变患者6例(6眼),均有明显刺痛、流泪症状.其中白内障术后3例;白内障术后继发青光眼1例:青光眼术后并发白内障1例:角膜异物取出术后1例.6例患者均行自体板层角膜转位联合层间烧灼及羊膜移植术治疗.结果 6例患者术后眼病等刺激症状基本消失,角膜上皮完整,随访3～12个月均未发现大泡性角膜病变复发及并发症出现,视力有轻度提高.结论 自体板层角膜转位联合层间烧灼及羊膜移植术可有效缓解大泡性角膜病变的症状,是解除视功能不佳的大泡性角膜病变患者临床症状的有效方法.     

角膜板层烧烙联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的:研究角膜板层烧烙联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变(bullous keratopathy,BK)的疗效.方法:对12例(12眼)BK患者采用角膜板层烧烙联合羊膜移植治疗,其中绝对期青光眼7例,人工晶状体眼4例,角膜穿孔伤1例.结果:患者12例术后眼部疼痛等刺激症状均消失,随访3～48 mo均未发现BK复发及并发症的发生.结论:角膜板层烧烙联合羊膜移植可有效地控制BK的症状,防止BK的复发,是治疗BK可供选择的有效方法.     

角膜板层烧灼术治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的:观察板层角膜烧灼术治疗大泡性角膜病变(bullous keratopathy,BK)的手术疗效。方法:对12例12眼BK患者采用角膜板层烧灼术治疗,由老年性白内障囊外摘除后房型人工晶状体植入术后发病3例,白内障超声乳化术后发病4例,青光眼白内障联合术后1例,绝对期青光眼引起3例,眼外伤引起1例,术前眼部刺激症状明显,视力6例无光感,2例光感,光定位不准确,4例眼前手动。均行角膜板层切开,层间烧灼角膜实质层术。结果:术后1d,眼部疼痛等刺激症状缓解,刺激症状消失。术后5～7d裂隙灯下见角膜水肿减轻,上皮水泡消失。随访2mo～2a,术后视力由术前的光感及眼前手动提高至眼前指数及0.02,刺激症状消失。裂隙灯下见角膜层间有灰白色混浊。均未发现BK复发及并发症的发生。结论:此手术方法疗效肯定,可有效地控制BK的症状,防止BK的复发,患者创伤较小,治疗费用较低。是治疗BK可供选择的有效方法。     

角膜基质层烧烙联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的探讨角膜基质层烧烙联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变（BK）的临床疗效。方法对9例（9只眼）大泡性角膜病变的患者行角膜基质层烧烙联合羊膜移植,其中白内障联合人工晶状体植入术后5例,抗青光眼术后3例,角膜穿通伤1例。结果术后眼部刺激症状、角膜上皮大泡均于1周内消退,角膜基质水肿7～10d消失。术后随访3～24个月,均未发现BK复发及并发症的发生。结论对于症状明显、病情顽固、难以恢复有效视力且不具备角膜移植条件的BK患者,角膜基质层烧烙联合羊膜移植可有效控制BK的症状,防止BK的复发,是治疗BK可供选择的有效方法。     

角膜板层刀制瓣联合自体血清角膜基质层间注射治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的 观察角膜板层刀制瓣联合自体血清角膜基质上注射治疗大泡性角膜病变的疗效.方法 对8例(8眼)大泡性角膜病变患者采用Moria角膜板层刀制瓣联合自体血清角膜基质上注射治疗,观察术后角膜瓣愈合情况、上皮及基质修复情况及视力变化.结果 8例患者术后眼部疼痛等刺激症状均消失,上皮修复,角膜基质水肿消失,3例术后视力不同程度改善,5例同治疗前无明显变化.随访2～18个月均未发现复发.结论 角膜板层刀制瓣联合自体血清角膜基质上注射治疗大泡性角膜病变手术操作简单、术后愈合快,可有效地控制症状、防止复发,是一种简单易行、安全有效的手术方式.     

角膜层间烧灼联合错位神经根切断及羊膜覆盖术治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的 观察角膜层间烧灼联合错位角膜神经根切断及羊膜覆盖术治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床疗效。方法 选取有明显眼痛且视功能差的大泡性角膜病变患者28人（28只眼）,其中白内障摘除联合人工晶体植入术后16只眼,单纯白内障摘除术后2只眼,白内障针拨术后1只眼,青光眼白内障联合术后3只眼,青光眼滤过术后2只眼,闭角型青光眼绝对期1只眼,眼外伤2只眼,玻璃体切割术后1只眼。对28只眼均行角膜板层切开,层间烧灼,错位角膜神经根切断及羊膜覆盖术。术后随诊观察6～ 32个月,平均18月。结果 术后28只眼中25只眼(89.3％)术后疼痛感消失,3只眼(10.7％)疼痛明显缓解。术后1月8只眼(28.6％)视力提高,20只眼(71.4％)视力同术前。羊膜于术后5 ～45天脱落或溶解,平均28.8天。 术后26只眼(92.9％)角膜上皮在1月内愈合,角膜大泡完全消失,2只眼(7.1％)角膜大泡范围明显缩小。28只眼角膜基质水肿均减轻。随访6～ 32个月均未发现症状复发,角膜大泡复发或其他并发症出现,患者原有残存视力保留或提高。结论 角膜层间烧灼联合角膜错位神经根切断及羊膜覆盖术是缓解视功能差的大泡性角膜病变患者疼痛症状的有效的手术方法。     

羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床应用

目的：观察羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变的疗效。方法：对22例22只眼大泡性角膜病变，其中白内障术后无晶状体眼2例，人工晶状体12例，穿透性角膜移植术后3例，绝对期青光眼3例，青光眼白内障术后2例，进行羊膜移植手术并观察治疗效果。结果：18只眼术后第1天症状缓解，所有病例术后5天症状消失，19只眼角膜缺损区在3周内愈合，经6个月－2年的随访，无一例复发，亦未见新生血管和翼状胬肉的发生。结论：羊膜移植是治疗大泡性角膜病变可选择的有效方法。     

角膜层间灼烙联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变

为解除患者痛苦 ,防止大泡性角膜病变的复发 ,我们采用角膜层间灼烙联合羊膜移植治疗本病 ,取得良好效果。现报告如下 :临床资料 :共选择内皮细胞功能严重损伤所致大泡性角膜病变患者 12例 ,男 7例 ,女 5例。年龄 35～ 6 7岁 ,平均5 6 5岁。其中老年性白内障人工晶体术后所致大泡性角膜病变 4例 ,青光眼所致者 3例 ,外伤性白内障术后 1例 ,角膜外伤所致者 3例 ,穿透性角膜移植术后排斥反应所致者 1例。全部患者均伴有剧烈眼痛及畏光流泪等刺激症状 ,全角膜呈灰白色 ,基质水肿增厚 ,上皮大泡形成。其中有 5例患者伴有持续性角膜上皮缺损。视…     

单纯板层角膜切除术在治疗大泡性角膜病变中的应用

目的 探讨单纯板层角膜切除术治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年1月在我院接受单纯板层角膜切除术的大泡性角膜病变患者28例(28眼)的临床资料,所有患眼术前检查确认无恢复视功能希望,仅以改善症状为治疗目的.患眼接受深度仅达浅基质层,直径8.0mm范围的板层角膜切除术,术毕配戴角膜接触镜,1～2周摘镜.结果 术中无一例患者出现并发症.术后角膜上皮自切除区边缘向中心生长,3～12d上皮全部覆盖,平均6.4d,摘除角膜接触镜后患者术眼角膜上皮完整,水肿不明显,且角膜透明度较术前好转,症状完全缓解,随访3～18个月,平均8.5个月,无一例复发需再次手术处理者.结论 单纯板层角膜切除术治疗无恢复视功能希望的大泡性角膜病变,手术操作简单,术后效果满意,值得推广.     

板层角膜移植联合睫状体冷凝术治疗青光眼性大泡性角膜病变

目的探讨板层角膜移植联合睫状体冷凝术治疗青光眼性大泡性角膜病变的临床效果。方法对１０例（１０只眼）青光眼性大泡性角膜病变的病人，施行板层角膜移植联合睫状体冷凝术。冷凝的范围在角膜下方１８０°，距角膜缘３～６ｍｍ之间，冷凝５～６个点，温度控制在－７０℃左右，冷凝时间为３０ｓ～１ｍｉｎ。结果１０例病人术后眼部刺激症状缓解，９例眼压稳定在正常范围。结论板层角膜移植联合睫状体冷凝术是治疗青光眼性大泡性角膜病变的有效方法，适用于眼压高没有条件接受穿透角膜移植的大泡性角膜病变病人     

角膜基质层间烧灼术治疗BK的临床观察

目的:观察角膜基质层间烧灼术治疗大泡性角膜病变(bullous keratopathy,BK)的疗效。方法:对20例BK患者进行观察,其中白内障摘除术及人工晶状体植入术后15例,玻璃体切除术后5例,视力0.02～0.04者9例,指数者5例,手动者3例,光感者3例,平均年龄72.5岁,均采用角膜基质层间烧灼术治疗。结果:眼部刺激症状明显消失,视力手术前后无明显差异。结论:此手术方法明显改善BK的眼部刺激症状。     

反眉状及梯形两种巩膜小切口白内障囊外摘除联合IOL植入术的疗效对比

目的:观察反眉状及梯形两种巩膜小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法:年龄相关性白内障患者89例113眼随机分为A组(43例56眼)和B组(46例57眼),分别采用反眉状及梯形两种无缝线巩膜小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,术后1wk;1mo及3mo检查BCVA、角膜散光、眼压、人工晶状体位置以及并发症情况。结果:两组术后BCVA均较术前显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但术后角膜散光与术前比较差异无统计学意义;两组术后1wk;1mo及3moBCVA和角膜散光在组内和组间比较差异均无统计学意义。两组术后均未发生眼压异常升高、大泡性角膜病变和化脓性眼内炎等并发症。结论:反眉状及梯形两种无缝线巩膜小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术均具有术后视力恢复快、散光小、安全简便、不需要昂贵设备等优点,适合在基层医院推广应用。     

Soemmering's ring support for posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation during penetrating keratoplasty. Changing trends in bullous keratopathy.

BACKGROUND: Changing trends in cataract extractions have resulted in a new category of bullous keratopathy: corneal decompensation after complicated extracapsular cataract extraction. These cases of bullous keratopathy are associated with rupture of the posterior capsule, vitreous loss, and significant intraocular inflammation at the time of the original complicated extracapsular cataract extraction. METHODS: The authors reviewed 14 consecutive cases of penetrating keratoplasty for bullous keratopathy in which posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was supported by remnants of the posterior capsule and/or Soemmering's ring without suture fixation. All 14 patients had a history of complicated extracapsular cataract extraction with capsule rupture and vitreous loss. RESULTS: All 14 patients had clear, compact grafts without migration of the intraocular lens with a mean follow-up of 12.1 months. Vision improved in 93% of cases, and there was no significant worsening of glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy after traumatic extracapsular cataract extraction with an anterior chamber intraocular lens and aphakic bullous keratopathy after traumatic extracapsular cataract extraction are two relatively new clinical entities that present new intraocular lens management options. Bullous keratopathy after complicated extracapsular cataract extraction should be recognized as a distinct clinical entity. Intraocular lens implantation into the ciliary sulcus with Soemmering's ring and peripheral capsular support provide the advantages of a posterior chamber intraocular lens without the risk of iris or scleral sutures. The authors predict that bullous keratopathy associated with traumatic extracapsular cataract extraction will become one of the more common indications for penetrating keratoplasty.     

Quantitative evaluation of corneal epithelial oedema by confocal microscopy

Background:  To develop a novel quantitative index for evaluation of corneal epithelial oedema, the pixel intensity of confocal microscopic images was measured derived from the basal cell layer (BCL) of the corneal epithelium in normal eyes, eyes before and after cataract surgery, and eyes affected by bullous keratopathy.
Methods:  Five eyes of five normal volunteers, 14 eyes of 11 cataract patients and 12 eyes of 12 bullous keratopathy patients were examined by confocal microscopy. The cataract patients underwent cataract surgery, and they were examined by confocal microscopy, corneal pachymetry, and anterior fluorometry both before and at various times after surgery. The pixel intensity of BCL images obtained by confocal microscopy was measured and expressed as the BCL index.
Results:  The coefficient of variation for repeated (five times) measurement of the BCL index in each of the five normal eyes was 3.4%. The BCL index was 54.8 ± 5.3 (mean ± SD) before surgery, increased significantly to 65.2 ± 10.0 on the day after surgery, and gradually decreased thereafter in the cataract patients. The time-course of the BCL index coincided well with that of corneal thickness and anterior fluorometry value. The BCL index in eyes affected by bullous keratopathy was significantly increased at 95.0 ± 6.4.
Conclusion:  The BCL index was increased after cataract surgery and in eyes affected by bullous keratopathy, conditions associated with corneal epithelial oedema. This quantitative measure obtained by confocal microscopy may prove useful in the clinical evaluation of corneal epithelial oedema.     

Behandlung einer Endotheldekompensation mit der Descemet-Membran-Endothelkeratoplastik bei einem Patienten mit Ahmed-Implantat

Background

Currently, the main causes for developing bullous keratopathy are from problems related to intraocular surgery, trauma, infection, Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy and chronically elevated intraocular pressure. In the 1990s penetrating keratoplasty was once considered the therapy of choice for treatment of bullous keratopathy but in recent years it has been replaced by posterior lamellar keratoplasty. The Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) procedure represents the final development of posterior lamellar keratoplasty. The question now arises whether DMEK can be used in patients with bullous keratopathy and Ahmed glaucoma valve implant.

Case report

A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital for further evaluation with the diagnosis of bullous keratopathy and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. The bullous keratopathy was caused by a variety of previous operations as well as decompensation of intraocular pressure. This article describes the therapy of bullous keratopathy by DMEK with existing Ahmed glaucoma valve implant. After surgery the cornea became clear and the best-corrected visual acuity improved from hand movement to 0.2. The intraocular pressure remained normal (10–14 mmHg) without antiglaucoma medication and the endothelial cell count decreased only slightly over a follow-up of 13 months. No complications were encountered.

Conclusions

The DMEK surgical procedure seems to be possible in patients with Ahmed glaucoma valve implant and endothelial decompensation. However, further studies with a larger number of patients should follow to validate the replacement of penetrating keratoplasty and other posterior lamellar procedures by DMEK.     

Use of amniotic membrane transplantation for treating bullous keratopathy

One of the complications of cataract surgery is bullous keratopathy, which is the result of decompensation of the corneal endothelium. The clinical signs are manifested in stromal and epithelial edema with bullae producing. The amniotic membrane, which is taken from the placenta of young mothers during the caesarean section, may have beneficial influence on the process of healing the corneal structure. The study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of bullous keratopathy treatment using amniotic membrane transplantation, as an alternative method of treatment after cataract surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 18 eyes of 18 patients (10 females and 8 males), aged 62 to 85 with the bullous keratopathy. After removing the pathologically changed epithelium, the amniotic membrane was covered on cornea in local anesthesia, using interrupted sutures 10.0 nylon. A therapeutic contact lens were applied. Control examinations were performed 3, 6 and 12 weeks after the operation. The best corrected visual acuity was evaluated. The local state was investigated using slitbiomocroscopy and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: In all the patients' regression of subjective complaints was observed (pain, light sensitivity and tearing). In 12 cases improvement of visual acuity was achieved. The evaluation of corneas in slit biomicroscopy revealed greater clarity and less corneal edema. On confocal microscopy, decrease in blurred collagen fibers and background illumination were observed. The epithelium contained cystic structures (blisters) in 6 cases only. The endothelial cells were pleomorphic and polymegathic. CONCLUSION: The amniotic membrane transplantation is an effective method of treatment for bullous keratopathy and has beneficial influence on the process of corneal healing and the improvement of visual acuity and diminish subjective symptoms.     

亲水性软性角膜接触镜在眼外伤治疗中的应用

目的：探讨治疗性亲水性软性角膜接触镜的适应证与效果。方法：对眼部化学烧伤与热烧伤所致的上皮缺损３３例３４眼、手术创伤等原因导致的大泡性角膜病变３０例以及角膜上皮剥脱６例７眼,角膜创口缝线刺激者１５例１５眼,及角膜小裂孔伤２例２眼等患者,用连续配戴治疗性亲水性软角膜接触镜治疗,联用抗生素眼药水、人工泪液和爱丽眼药水治疗。结果：化学与热烧伤后上皮缺损戴镜后治愈率为８２．４％,白内障手术创伤等因素影响,     

全角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的探讨

目的：评价对严重全角膜病变行带环形板层巩膜瓣全角膜移植术（CST）后免疫排斥反应的临床疗效。方法：对用药无法控制的严重全角膜病变患者10例进行回顾性研究，其中化脓性角膜溃疡9例，大泡性角膜病变伴全角膜白斑1例，全部病人均行CST。结果：随访1-23个月，平均10.2个月，10例视力均有不同程度提高；8例植片透明，2例植片半透明；5例术后3-4个月出现角膜新生血管（其中2例植片半透明）；2例术后半年出现免疫排斥反应。结论：CST是治疗严重角膜病变的有效方法，不但挽救眼球且能恢复一定的视力。