Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the scalp

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare entity. Due to its high propensity for local recurrence, knowledge of the appropriate management, both surgical and medical, is important for optimal patient outcomes.     

Sonography of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the groin

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon tumor that arises from the dermis of adults. Its malignant potential is considered to be intermediate. Because the diagnosis of DFSP can frequently be suspected on the basis of physical examination reports on its sonographic appearance are rare. We report a case that highlights the value of sonography in assessing the subcutaneous extent of DFSP.     

超声诊断隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤

目的 探讨隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤(DFSP)的超声表现.方法 回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实的隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤的分布、超声图像特征及彩色多普勒血流成像特点.结果 12例隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤患者中,11例(91.67%)为单发,直径0.9～8.0 cm;分布在躯干66.67(8/12)、四肢近端16.67%(2/12)、头颈部16.67%(2/12);83.33%(10/12)肿瘤出现在躯干及四肢近端的皮肤与皮肤下层.91.67%(11/12)肿瘤呈不均匀弱回声,66.67%(8/12)边界清楚,形态规则,肿瘤内部无液化或钙化且不伴有局部淋巴结转移;91.67%(11/12)肿瘤内彩色多普勒显示有丰富彩色血流信号.结论 患者躯干及四肢近端的皮肤与皮下层肿块,边界清楚、形态规则、内部呈不均匀弱回声、内部血流较丰富、无局部淋巴结肿大是隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤的超声表现.     

Use of rib belts in acute rib fractures

The current treatment for uncomplicated rib fractures is the exclusion of associated injuries followed by symptomatic treatment with analgesics. Encouragement of deep breathing is also recommended to avoid secondary or delayed pulmonary complications. The use of circumferential rib belts in treating patients with acute rib fractures has been discouraged because of possible complications from restricted ventilation. A review of the literature revealed no previous clinical studies to support this view. We designed and conducted a controlled, prospective, randomized pilot study to determine if there was any increased morbidity associated with the use of rib belts in the treatment of patients with acute rib fractures. Twenty-five adult patients with radiographically proven acute rib fractures were randomized into two groups. The first group was treated with analgesics and a standard circumferential rib belt (Zimmer Universal Rib Belt). The second group was treated with oral analgesics alone. Patients were contacted by telephone three days after the initial injury and then reexamined 14 days postinjury. Rates of pain resolution, compliance, and delayed complications were determined. Rib belts were not found to significantly reduce the severity of pain. Four complications (one case of bloody pleural effusion requiring hospitalization, two cases of asymptomatic discoid atelectasis, and one case of allergic contact dermatitis) were identified, all occurring in the group of patients receiving rib belts. This pilot study indicates that while rib belts are widely accepted by patients for control of pain, they appear to be associated with an increased incidence of complications. Clinical studies with larger sample sizes will be needed to confirm these findings.     

隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤的MRI表现

目的：探讨隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤的MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤6例。男5例,女1例,年龄21~76岁（平均56岁）。6例均行MRI检查,增强扫描4例。结果：6例均为单发,躯干和四肢皮下各3例;4例表现为边界清楚的类圆形或椭圆形软组织肿块;2例表现为边界欠清的分叶状或不规则软组织肿块。与肌肉信号相比,T1WI表现为等（n=3）或稍高信号（n=3）,T2WI脂肪抑制序列上均表现为略不均匀的高信号,其内可见少许条片状的稍低信号。Gd-DTPA增强扫描病灶均明显强化,4例内部可见不规则弱强化区。结论：隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤MRI表现有一定的特征;MRI对病灶的术前评估及术后复发的检测有重要的价值。     

Non-traumatic fracture of the first rib

A 25 year old man presented to the emergency department complaining of severe left chest pain associated with shortness of breath on waking. A chest radiograph showed a fracture of the left first rib. There was no history of recent direct trauma, although a minor injury to the left shoulder girdle had occurred three weeks earlier. Current theories on mechanism of injury in fractures of the first rib with both direct and indirect trauma are discussed and clinical management outlined.     

Cineradiography of the hypomobile first rib

A patient with bilateral chronic brachialgia was cineradiographically shown to have hypomobile first ribs bilaterally. This finding can be elicited by the Expiration-Inspiration (E-I) test, in which the patient is palpated just beneath the clavicles while breathing. Right side scalenus muscle activation restored the movement of the right first rib. The cineradiography confirms the validity of the palpatory E-I test which has been previously described.     

MRI诊断隆凸性皮肤纤维肉瘤

目的 探讨隆凸性皮肤纤维肉瘤(DFSP)的MRI表现。方法 收集经病理证实的8例DFSP患者,回顾性分析其MRI表现。结果 8例DFSP中,病灶位于躯干3例,四肢5例,均位于皮肤及皮肤下层,肿瘤最大径1.8~11.6 cm。T1WI示8例肿瘤呈等或略低于肌肉信号,T2WI示肿瘤呈明亮高信号,2例病灶内部见斑点状低信号;脂肪抑制(STIR)序列示6例肿瘤呈高信号;1例对比剂动力学时间分辨成像(TRICKS)动态增强MRA示肿瘤的供血血管为腓动脉。6例接受增强扫描者病灶均明显强化,2例病灶内见斑点状无强化出血区。结论 DFSP好发于四肢、躯干及头颈部皮肤及皮下组织,其MRI表现具有一定特征性。     

电视胸腔镜辅助肋骨内固定术治疗多发肋骨骨折的效果

目的探讨电视胸腔镜辅助肋骨内固定术治疗多发肋骨骨折的效果。方法将60例多发肋骨骨折患者随机分为胸腔镜组(n=30,电视胸腔镜辅助肋骨内固定术)与开胸组(n=30,传统开胸手术)。比较两组治疗效果。结果术后2个月,胸腔镜组的MVV、FEV1/FVC、FVC均高于开胸组(P<0.05)。术后1 d,两组的SaO2、PaO2/FiO2均较术前升高,且胸腔镜组高于开胸组(P<0.05)。术后3 d,胸腔镜组VAS评分低于开胸组(P<0.05)。胸腔镜组并发症总发生率低于开胸组,骨折愈合率高于开胸组(P<0.05)。结论胸腔镜辅助肋骨内固定术可明显改善多发肋骨骨折患者的肺通气功能及血气指标,术后疼痛程度较轻,并发症较少,骨折愈合率高。     

快速恢复外科理念在多发性肋骨骨折内固定手术中的应用研究

Objective To evaluate the application of fast track surgery (FTS) in the rib internal fixation of multiple rib fractures. Methods Forty-eight chest trauma with multiple rib fractures patients from March 2008 to March 2010 were divided into FTS group and traditional care group randomly. Meanwhile two groups accepted FTS and conventional management of perioperative period respectively. The degree and duration of the chest pain, early exercise tolerance, intravenous infusion time, the length of postoperative hospital stay,chest scar and postoperative complications were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The duration of chest pain was significantly shorter in FTS group than in the traditional care group([ 112. 46 ±23. 24 ] mins vs [ 180. 23 ± 51.56 ] mins, t = 4. 23 ,P ＜ 0. 05); the early exercise tolerance was longer([ 68. 35 ±9. 30 ] mins vs [ 33.48± 5. 18 ] mins,t = 2. 87, P ＜ 0. 05) ;the intravenous infusion time was shorter ([ 10. 83 ±1.87 ] d vs [ 13. 30 ± 2. 12 ] d, t = 2. 38, P ＜ 0. 05); the length of postoperative hospital stay was shorter([ 12. 35 ± 2.03 ] d vs [ 16. 48 ± 3. 18 ] d, t = 3.04, P ＜ 0. 05); the less postoperative complications(8.3% vs 37. 5 %, x2 = 5. 005,P ＜ 0. 05); chest pain was relieved([ 3.43 ± 0. 45 ] cm vs. [ 6. 62 ± 0. 62 ] cm, P ＜ 0. 05);the scar healed well. All patients were successfully discharged. Conclusion The perioperative idea of fast track surgery was feasible and effective in the chest trauma with multiple rib fractures patients. FTS can improve the patients long term living quality.     

快速恢复外科理念在多发性肋骨骨折内固定手术中的应用研究

目的 探讨快速恢复外科(FTS)理念在多发性肋骨骨折内固定手术中的应用研究.方法 对我院2008年3月至2010年3月救治的48例胸外伤合并多发性肋骨骨折患者随机分为FTS组(24例)和传统方法组(24例),分别用FTS和传统围手术期方法处理.比较2组患者术后胸壁疼痛程度及持续时间、早期活动耐量、静脉输液维持时间、相对住院时间、胸壁瘢痕、并发症及其发生率等指标.结果 FTS组术后胸壁疼痛持续时间较传统方法组明显缩短[(112.46±23.24)min与(180.23±51.56)min,t=4.23,P＜0.05];早期活动耐量延长[(68.35±9.30)min与(33.48±5.18)min,t=2.87,P＜0.05];静脉输液维持时间缩短[(10.83±1.87)d与(13.30±2.12)d,t=2.38,P＜0.05];相对住院时间缩短[(12.35±2.03)d与(16.48±3.18)d,t=3.04,P＜0.05];并发症发生率少(8.3%与37.5%,x2=5.005,P＜0.05);术后胸壁疼痛程度减轻[(3.43±0.45)cm与(6.62±0.62)cm,P＜0.05];胸壁瘢痕愈合好.2组患者均顺利康复出院.结论 对于胸外伤合并多发性肋骨骨折的患者,采用FTS的围手术期治疗理念疗效满意,明显提高患者远期生活质量.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the application of fast track surgery (FTS) in the rib internal fixation of multiple rib fractures. Methods Forty-eight chest trauma with multiple rib fractures patients from March 2008 to March 2010 were divided into FTS group and traditional care group randomly. Meanwhile two groups accepted FTS and conventional management of perioperative period respectively. The degree and duration of the chest pain, early exercise tolerance, intravenous infusion time, the length of postoperative hospital stay,chest scar and postoperative complications were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The duration of chest pain was significantly shorter in FTS group than in the traditional care group([ 112. 46 ±23. 24 ] mins vs [ 180. 23 ± 51.56 ] mins, t = 4. 23 ,P ＜ 0. 05); the early exercise tolerance was longer([ 68. 35 ±9. 30 ] mins vs [ 33.48± 5. 18 ] mins,t = 2. 87, P ＜ 0. 05) ;the intravenous infusion time was shorter ([ 10. 83 ±1.87 ] d vs [ 13. 30 ± 2. 12 ] d, t = 2. 38, P ＜ 0. 05); the length of postoperative hospital stay was shorter([ 12. 35 ± 2.03 ] d vs [ 16. 48 ± 3. 18 ] d, t = 3.04, P ＜ 0. 05); the less postoperative complications(8.3% vs 37. 5 %, x2 = 5. 005,P ＜ 0. 05); chest pain was relieved([ 3.43 ± 0. 45 ] cm vs. [ 6. 62 ± 0. 62 ] cm, P ＜ 0. 05);the scar healed well. All patients were successfully discharged. Conclusion The perioperative idea of fast track surgery was feasible and effective in the chest trauma with multiple rib fractures patients. FTS can improve the patients long term living quality.     

隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤病理诊断及预后的探讨

目的 探讨隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤（DFSP）的病理诊断及临床病理参数，增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达与预后的关系。方法 应用免疫组化方法对51例隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤CD34、PCNA的表达进行检测。并结合病理形态学观察和随访分析。结果 所有DFSP均表达CD34，组织分级，浸润深度、局部切除范围与DFSP复合率显著相关，PCNA计数标记指数平均为41.7%，PCNA高表达组复发率显著高于PCNA低表达组。结论 CD34可作为DFSP与纤维肉瘤特异的鉴别诊断指标。组织分级，浸润深度及PCNA表达可作为判断DFSP预后的指标。扩大切除范围有助于减少复发。     

隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤的超声诊断

隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤(dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans,DFSP)是一种缓慢发展而难转移的恶性肿瘤。术前不易明确诊断,常因切除范围过小或不完整而易原位复发[1-2]。本文旨在分析总结DFSP的超声表现,以提高对该肿瘤的术前诊断水平。一、资料与方法1.对象:回顾2010—2019年在吉林大学中日联谊医院就诊的16例DFSP患者的临床资料。本组病例包括男性9例和女性7例,平均年龄为47岁(18~74岁)。初发者7例,复发者9例,复发者中有3例患者复发2次。16例患者中,12例为体表单发病灶,4例为体表多发病灶(3例为3个病灶,1例为2个病灶,共11个病灶),且病灶均局限于同一部位。单发的12个病灶中有7个位于躯干,3个位于头颈部,2个位于四肢。多发的11个病灶中有8个位于躯干,3个位于四肢。     

隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤（DFSP）的CT及MRI征象。方法 回顾分析16例经手术病理结果证实的DFSP的影像资料（11例接受CT检查,5例接受MR检查）,分析肿瘤的形态、CT及MRI特征。结果 DFSP多发于躯干及头颈部皮肤,呈不同程度隆起于皮肤表面,部分悬吊于皮外。16例中,结节肿块型12例、弥漫型4例。CT上肿块呈与肌肉等密度或稍低密度的实性占位,MRI上T1WI呈等/低信号,T2WI为稍高信号。肿瘤血供较丰富,增强扫描多呈渐进性中度至明显强化。病灶内征象包括"悬吊征"2例,"皮肤尾征" 6例, "筋膜尾征" 1例,"脂肪尾征"4例。结论 DFSP多表现为皮肤及皮下结节肿块型或弥漫生长型实性病变,不同形态其征象不同,但仍具有一定的特征性。     

椎旁肋骨软骨肉瘤1例报告

患者女,31岁,反复右侧腰背部胀痛半年余就诊.查体:脊柱外形正常,右侧腰背部第8后肋处压痛,两肺呼吸音清,四肢肌张力正常.正位胸片示右下肺近心缘旁团片影.     

Cough-induced rib fractures

OBJECTIVES: To define the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of patients with cough-induced rib fractures and to assess potential risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For this retrospective, single-center study, we identified all cases of cough-induced rib fractures diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, over a 9-year period between January 1, 1996, and January 31, 2005. Bone densitometry data from patients' medical records were analyzed, and T scores were used to classify patients into bone density categories. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD age of the 54 study patients at presentation was 55+/-17 years, and 42 patients (78%) were female. Patients presented with chest wall pain after onset of cough. Rib fracture was associated with chronic cough (> or =3 weeks' duration) in 85% of patients. Rib fractures were documented by chest radiography, rib radiography, computed tomography, or bone scan. Chest radiography had been performed in 52 patients and revealed rib fracture in 30 (58%). There were 112 fractured ribs in 54 patients. One half of patients had more than one fractured rib. Right-sided rib fractures alone were present in 17 patients (26 fractured ribs), left-sided in 23 patients (35 fractured ribs), and bilateral in 14 patients (51 fractured ribs). The most commonly fractured rib on both sides was rib 6. The fractures were most common at the lateral aspect of the rib cage. Bone densitometry was done in 26 patients and revealed osteopenia or osteoporosis in 17 (65%). CONCLUSIONS: Cough-induced rib fractures occur primarily in women with chronic cough. Middle ribs along the lateral aspect of the rib cage are affected most commonly. Although reduced bone density is likely a risk factor, cough-induced rib fractures can occur in the presence of normal bone density.